Diagnóstico ecográfico y manejo de la infección fetal por parvovirus B19 / Prenatal diagnosis and management of fetal parvovirus B19 infection

Introducción: El parvovirus humano B19 (B19V) es una de las principales causas de anemia fetal que puede ocasionar hidropesía fetal grave, siendo el responsable de un 18-27% de las hidropesías fetales no inmunitarias. La infección por el B19V presenta brotes epidémicos cada 4-6 años, ocasionando un mayor número de casos de anemia fetal en los que es necesario realizar tratamiento. Objetivo: Conocer los resultados de los fetos con infección por B19V, su evolución, manejo y resultados perinatales. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de los casos de infección congénita por B19V, diagnosticados en un periodo de 5 años. Resultados: Se analizaron 14 fetos con infección y afectación por el B19V. Un 71,4% de los fetos tuvieron hidropesía fetal. El hallazgo ecográfico más frecuente fue la cardiomegalia (78,6%). Se realizó transfusión intrauterina a 7 fetos. Fallecieron un 40% de los fetos. De los fetos a los que se les realizó TIU, un 42,85% falleció tras el procedimiento, todos ellos presentaron una pancitopenia grave arregenerativa. Conclusiones: Aunque es una patología de buen pronóstico, los resultados dependen en gran medida del estado hemodinámico del feto, así como el grado de afectación hematológica y los riesgos de las técnicas invasivas. Existen parámetros de anemia fetal como es la presencia de regurgitación de la válvula tricúspide que ayudan a predecir un grado de afectación fetal y, por lo tanto, debería tenerse en cuenta para valorar la realización de técnicas invasivas para estimación directa del grado de anemia fetal

Introduction: The human parvovirus B19 virus (B19V) is one of the most common infectious causes of foetal anaemia, which can lead to severe foetal hydrops. This infection causes 17-27% of non-immune foetal hydrops. Epidemic outbreaks of B19V infection occur at intervals of 4-6 years, increasing the number of cases of foetal anaemia requiring treatment. Objective: To determine the findings in foetuses with B19V infection, the clinical course of these pregnancies, their management and perinatal outcomes. Material and methods: A retrospective study of cases of congenital B19V infection diagnosed over a 5-year period. Results: We found 14 foetuses with B19V infection. Hydrops was present in 71.4% of the cases. The most frequent ultrasound finding was cardiomegaly (78.6%). Exchange transfusion was carried out in 7 foetuses. Overall mortality was 40%. Of the 7 treated foetuses, 42.85% died after the procedure. All of them had severe aregenerative pancytopenia. Conclusion: The results of B19V infections largely depend on the degree of the anaemia, the haemodynamic status of the foetus, and the risk of invasive procedures. Some parameters, such as the presence of tricuspid regurgitation, can be used to diagnose foetal anaemia and could therefore be useful as a tool to evaluate the use of invasive procedures to directly estimate the degree of foetal anaemiA

Diagnóstico ecográfico de 2 casos de displasias esqueléticas con alteración en la mineralización. Papel de la ecografía 3D / Role of 3D ultrasound in the diagnosis of skeletal dysplasias with hypomineralisation. Report of two cases

Las displasias esqueléticas que cursan con alteraciones en la mineralización son difíciles de diferenciar desde el punto de vista ecográfico, debido a que comparten características comunes unas con otras. Es importante conocer el diagnóstico exacto de estas entidades para realizar un asesoramiento adecuado. El uso de la ecografía tridimensional (3D), la navegación multiplanar y las reconstrucciones nos permite visualizar mejor ciertas características ecográficas de este tipo de alteraciones, que nos puede ayudar en el diagnóstico diferencial. Se presentan 2 casos de fetos afectos de displasias esqueléticas letales con alteración en la mineralización ósea diagnosticados prenatalmente y su dificultad en el diagnóstico

Skeletal dysplasias with hypomineralisation are difficult to distinguish by ultrasound because they share common features. It is very important to determine the exact diagnosis and provide appropriate counselling to parents for future pregnancies. The use of 3D ultrasound, multiplanar navigation and reconstructions allows better visualization of certain ultrasonographic features of these types of alteration, which can help to establish the differential diagnosis. We report the cases of two foetuses with skeletal dysplasias and hypomineralisation and the difficulties of the differential diagnosis

Transforming growth factor-ß1 functional polymorphisms in myeloablative sibling hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) with sibling donors (s.d.) is a life-saving intervention for patients with hematological malignancies. Numerous genetic factors have a role in transplant outcome. Several functional polymorphisms have been identified in TGF-ß1 gene, such as single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at +29C>T within exon 1. Two hundred and forty five patient/donor pairs who underwent a s.d. HSCT in our centers were genotyped for this SNP. In the myeloablative cohort, +29CC donors were associated with an increase in severe chronic GvHD (32% vs 16%, hazard ratio (HR) 9.0, P=0.02). Regarding survival outcomes, +29CC patients developed higher non relapse mortality (NRM) (1-5 years CC 28-32% vs TC/TT 7-10%; HR 5.1, P=0.01). Recipients of +29TT donors experienced a higher relapse rate (1-5 years TT 37-51% vs TC 19-25% vs CC 13%-19%; HR 2.4, P=0.01) with a decreased overall survival (OS) (1-5 years TT 69-50% vs TC/CC 77-69%; HR 1.9, P=0.05). Similar to previous myeloablative unrelated donors HSCT results, we confirmed that +29CC patients had higher NRM. In addition we found that +29TT donors might be associated with a higher relapse rate and lower OS. These results should be confirmed in larger series. Identification of these SNPs will allow personalizing transplant conditioning and immunosuppressant regimens, as well as assisting in the choice of the most appropriate donor.

The Latin American experience of allografting patients with severe aplastic anaemia: real-world data on the impact of stem cell source and ATG administration in HLA-identical sibling transplants.

We studied 298 patients with severe aplastic anaemia (SAA) allografted in four Latin American countries. The source of cells was bone marrow (BM) in 94 patients and PBSCs in 204 patients. Engraftment failed in 8.1% of recipients with no difference between BM and PBSCs (P=0.08). Incidence of acute GvHD (aGvHD) for BM and PBSCs was 30% vs 32% (P=0.18), and for grades III-IV was 2.6% vs 11.6% (P=0.01). Chronic GvHD (cGvHD) between BM and PBSCs was 37% vs 59% (P=0.002) and extensive 5% vs 23.6% (P=0.01). OS was 74% vs 76% for BM vs PBSCs (P=0.95). Event-free survival was superior in patients conditioned with anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG)-based regimens compared with other regimens (79% vs 61%, P=0.001) as excessive secondary graft failure was seen with other regimens (10% vs 26%, P=0.005) respectively. In multivariate analysis, aGvHD II-IV (hazard ratio (HR) 2.50, confidence interval (CI) 1.1-5.6, P=0.02) and aGvHD III-IV (HR 8.3 CI 3.4-20.2, P<0.001) proved to be independent negative predictors of survival. In conclusion, BM as a source of cells and ATG-based regimens should be standard because of higher GvHD incidence with PBSCs, although the latter combining with ATG in the conditioning regimen could be an option in selected high-risk patients.

Diagnóstico prenatal de peritonitis meconial simple / Prenatal diagnosis of simple meconium peritonitis

Nos encontramos ante un feto que presenta una masa anecoica con una superficie calcificada desde el principio del segundo trimestre que posteriormente se resuelve con la aparición de calcificaciones distribuidas en la cápsula hepática. No presenta ninguna otra calcificación en el parénquima hepático ni patología a nivel intestinal o abdominal. Clínicamente se mantuvo estable. Estos hallazgos conducen al diagnóstico de peritonitis meconial simple. El diagnóstico ecográfico prenatal de la peritonitis meconial juega un papel muy importante y se ha demostrado para mejorar los resultados prenatales significativos. Los resultados son de todo tipo y también dependerán de la gravedad de la perforación y el momento en que se diagnostica

We report the case of a foetus with an anechoic mass with a calcified surface from the beginning of the second trimester, which subsequently resolved with the appearance of calcifications distributed in the liver capsule. No calcification of the liver parenchyma or intestinal or abdominal organ disease was identified and the condition was clinically stable. These findings led to the diagnosis of simple meconium peritonitis. The antenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis of meconium peritonitis plays a very important role and has been shown to significantly improve the antenatal results. The findings are varied and depend on the severity of the perforation and the timing of diagnosis

Cardiopatías congénitas y embarazo / Congenital heart disease and pregnancy

Las cardiopatías congénitas han ido aumentando entre las mujeres embarazadas de los países desarrollados debido a su mayor supervivencia, la tardía edad gestacional, las nuevas técnicas de fecundación y el aumento de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Los cambios fisiológicos del embarazo, parto y posparto conllevan un incremento en el volumen plasmático, la frecuencia cardiaca, el gasto cardiaco y un descenso de las resistencias vasculares periféricas. Aunque bien tolerados en las pacientes con corazones estructuralmente sanos, estos cambios pueden conllevar un mayor riesgo de morbimortalidad materno fetal entre pacientes con cardiopatía. De ahí que conocer la fisiopatología del embarazo, los fármacos que pueden ser utilizados, el riesgo de transmisión de la cardiopatía materna al feto o las cardiopatías congénitas que conllevan un mayor riesgo obstétrico resulte fundamental a la hora de realizar una adecuada valoración, seguimiento y tratamiento de la cardiópata gestante

Congenital heart disease has increased among pregnant women from developed countries due to their longer survival, later age at pregnancy, new fertilization techniques and increased cardiovascular risk factors. The physiological changes of pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum increase plasma volume, heart rate, and cardiac output and decrease peripheral vascular resistance. Although these changes are well tolerated in patients with structurally healthy hearts, these changes may lead to a greater risk of fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality among patients with heart disease. Therefore, knowledge of the pathophysiology of pregnancy, the drugs that can be used, the risk of maternal transmission of disease to the fetus, and of the congenital heart diseases that pose an increased obstetric risk is essential for the proper assessment, monitoring and treatment of pregnant women with heart disease

Regulation of cell death receptor S-nitrosylation and apoptotic signaling by Sorafenib in hepatoblastoma cells.

Nitric oxide (NO) plays a relevant role during cell death regulation in tumor cells. The overexpression of nitric oxide synthase type III (NOS-3) induces oxidative and nitrosative stress, p53 and cell death receptor expression and apoptosis in hepatoblastoma cells. S-nitrosylation of cell death receptor modulates apoptosis. Sorafenib is the unique recommended molecular-targeted drug for the treatment of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. The present study was addressed to elucidate the potential role of NO during Sorafenib-induced cell death in HepG2 cells. We determined the intra- and extracellular NO concentration, cell death receptor expression and their S-nitrosylation modifications, and apoptotic signaling in Sorafenib-treated HepG2 cells. The effect of NO donors on above parameters has also been determined. Sorafenib induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells. However, low concentration of the drug (10nM) increased cell death receptor expression, as well as caspase-8 and -9 activation, but without activation of downstream apoptotic markers. In contrast, Sorafenib (10 µM) reduced upstream apoptotic parameters but increased caspase-3 activation and DNA fragmentation in HepG2 cells. The shift of cell death signaling pathway was associated with a reduction of S-nitrosylation of cell death receptors in Sorafenib-treated cells. The administration of NO donors increased S-nitrosylation of cell death receptors and overall induction of cell death markers in control and Sorafenib-treated cells. In conclusion, Sorafenib induced alteration of cell death receptor S-nitrosylation status which may have a relevant repercussion on cell death signaling in hepatoblastoma cells.

Mathematical decision theory applied to land capability: a case study in the community of madrid.

In land evaluation science, a standard data set is obtained for each land unit to determine the land capability class for various uses, such as different farming systems, forestry, or the conservation or suitability of a specific crop. In this study, we used mathematical decision theory (MDT) methods to address this task. Mathematical decision theory has been used in areas such as management, finance, industrial design, rural development, the environment, and projects for future welfare to study quality and aptness problems using several criteria. We also review MDT applications in soil science and discuss the suitability of MDT methods for dealing simultaneously with a number of problems. The aim of the work was to show how MDT can be used to obtain a valid land quality index and to compare this with a traditional land capability method. Therefore, an additive classification method was applied to obtain a land quality index for 122 land units that were compiled for a case study of the Community of Madrid, Spain, and the results were compared with a previously assigned land capability class using traditional methods based on the minimum requirements for land attributes.

Influence of pyrolysis temperature on composted sewage sludge biochar priming effect in a loamy soil.

Biochar is a carbon-rich solid product obtained by the pyrolysis of organic materials. The carbon stability of biochar allows that it can be applied to soil for long-term carbon storage. This carbon stability is greatly influenced by the pyrolysis temperature and the raw material used for biochar production. The aim of the present work is to study the soil carbon sequestration after the application of biochar from sewage sludge (SL) pyrolysis at two different temperatures (400 and 600 °C). For this purpose, soil CO2 emissions were measured for 80 d in an incubation experiment after soil amendment with the SL and each biochar at a dosage of 8 wt%. Biochar reduced the CO2 emissions during incubation between 11% and 32% relative to the SL treatment. The CO2 data were fit to a dual exponential model, and the CO2 emissions were simulated at different times (1, 5 and 10 yr). Additionally, the kinetics of the CO2 evolution from SL, two biochar samples, soil and amended soil were well fit to a dual first-order kinetic model with correlation coefficients greater than 0.93. The simulation of CO2 emissions from the soil by applying the proposed double first-order kinetic model (kg CO2-C ha(-1)) showed a reduction of CO2 emissions between 301 and 932 kg CO2-C ha(-1)with respect to the direct application of raw sewage sludge after 10 yr.

Lung volume reduction surgery after lung transplantation for emphysema-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Lung Volume Reduction Surgery (LVRS) has become a palliative treatment for patients with advanced emphysema and disabling dyspnea. After single lung transplantation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, LVRS may be indicated to improve graft dysfunction caused by native lung hyperinflation compressing the grafted lung. This common complication is the subject of our study, which showed LVRS to be helpful to manage this situation. We performed an observational retrospective and descriptive study using the data of 293 patients transplanted in our center between January 1996 and October 2011. Some of the patients who underwent a single lung transplantation developed native lung hyperinflation years after the transplantation, interfering with respiratory function due to graft compression.

TCF bleaching sequence in kraft pulping of olive tree pruning residues.

The aim of the present work was to find a suitable Kraft cooking process for olive tree pruning (OTP), in order to produce pulp of kappa number about 17. The Kraft pulp produced under optimized conditions showed a viscosity of 31.5 mPa·s and good physical, mechanical, and optical properties, which are suitable for paper production. The physical-mechanical and optical properties were measured before and after bleaching. Although the OTP pulp was bleached to 90.9% ISO brightness (kappa<1), the process demanded a long sequence of stages, OZQPOZQPO. The bleached pulp showed a brightness reversion equal to 1.3%. Furthermore, this bleached pulp did not need a high intensity of beating due to high drainability degree in the unbeaten pulp. So that, OTP is suggested as an interesting raw material for cellulosic pulp production because its properties are comparable to those of other agricultural residues, currently used in the paper industry.

Biorefinery of olive pruning using various processes.

Biorefinery developed involve separation of olive pruning into two parts: main (OPM) (stems>1cm diameter), and residual (OPR) (stems<1cm diameter, and leaves). OPM was submitted to hydrothermal treatment, separating: a liquid fraction (HL), rich in products of hemicelluloses decomposition, and other solid (HS), rich in cellulose and lignin. HS is subject to pulping, resulting: a liquid fraction (HPL), rich in lignin, and other solid (HPS), rich in cellulose. Up to 42% of the polysaccharides from OPM were recovered in HL as valuable compounds. HPS can be used for the bioethanol production by saccharification and fermentation, reaching a bioethanol conversion of 90.6% of the theoretical value. In addition, HPS obtained paper with lower strength properties than those of paper obtained from OPM pulp directly. OPR provided 18.70 MkJ/t heating values, 1094-2234°C flame temperature, and 45-53°C dew point temperature, with a cost of the unit of heat (3.20 €/MkJ) much lower than fossil fuels fluids.

Production of pulp and energy using orange tree prunings.

The aim of this work was to chemically characterize orange tree prunings and use it in pulping and combustion processes. Soda-anthraquinone pulping of the main fraction of orange pruning (stems with a diameter > 0.5 cm) was simulated with polynomial and neurofuzzy models, that predicted pulp properties as a function of operating variables (155-185°C, 40-90 min, soda concentration, 10-16%) with errors less than 20%. The heating values (16,870 kJ/kg), the flame temperature (1150-2150 °C) and dew point temperature of fuel gas (47-53 °C) for the residual fraction from orange pruning (stems diameter < 0.5 cm and leaves) was determined and compared with other non-wood lignocellulosic materials. As a consequence the price of kJ obtained by combustion of this residual fraction is less than other lignocellulosic materials, much lower than those of fossil fuels.

Linfangioma quístico cervical anterior / Anterior neck cystic linphangioma

El linfangioma quístico (LQ) fetal es una rara anomalíadel sistema linfático. Forma una masa quística, multilocular,o septada, de diferentes tamaños (AU)

Fetal cystic linphangioma is a rare anomaly of thelymphatic system. It is cyst, multilocular, or septated, variablesized mass (AU)

Peritonitis meconial compleja secundaria a vólvulo de sigma / Complex meconial peritonitis secundary to sigma volvulus

La peritonitis meconial (PM) es la inflamación químicadel peritoneo abdominal causada por una perforación intestinal.Se trata de una complicación infrecuente, originadapor cuadros de obstrucción intestinal, y que cursa con altamorbimortalidad perinatal (AU)

Meconial peritonitis is chemical inflammation of abdominalperitoum caused by bowel perforation. It’s an infrequentcomplication of intestinal obstructions’ cases, causinghigh perinatal morbidity (AU)

Análisis de la transfusión sanguínea alogénica en cirugía oncológica oral y maxilofacial. Análisis de variables / Analysis of allogeneic blood transfusion in oral and maxillofacial cancer surgery. Analysis of variables

Objetivo. Analizar las variables que influyen en los pacientes transfundidosy sometidos a cirugía oncológica.Material y método. Se han revisado y analizado los datos de 44 pacientes intervenidosquirúrgicamente de neoplasia, a los que se les ha practicado transfusiónsanguínea peri operatoria, evaluando: edad, sexo, localización de la lesión,código de diagnostico, tratamiento realizado, hematocrito preoperatorio,hemoglobina preoperatoria y hemoglobina pretransfusional, numero de unidadestransfundidas, estadio TNM, riesgo ASA y tiempo quirúrgico.Resultados. 44 pacientes fueron transfundidos, 32 varones, con una mediade edad de 65 años y con localización lingual en un 36,36%. La cirugía masfrecuente fue la exéresis tumoral asociándose resecciòn ósea y vaciamientocervical en el 56,82% y con reconstrucción simple en el 63% de los casos.La duración media fue 5,7 horas, con un riesgo ASA medio de 3 y con unamedia de 2,9 unidades transfundidas. Un 70% se encontraban en estadio IV.La Hb pretransfusional fue de media 7,71 g/dl. El tiempo quirúrgico, la Hbpreoperatoria y el HTC preoperatorio son las variables que ha resultado estadísticamentesignificativas en el análisis multivariante.Conclusiones. La transfusión sanguínea alogénica presenta una serie de efectosadversos que pueden condicionar la evolución del paciente oncológico,para evitar o disminuir estos efectos deletéreos se debe mantener criteriostransfusionales restrictivos con Hb<8 g/dl, debemos actuar sobre la Hb preoperatoria,como única variable en la que podemos incidir para disminuir elvolumen transfundido y promover programas de ahorro de hemoderivados(AU)

Objective. Analyze the variables that influence bloodtransfusion in patients undergoing surgery for cancer.Material and method. Data from 44 patients who underwentsurgery for neoplasms and required perioperative blood transfusionwas analyzed to evaluate: age, sex, tumor location, diagnostic code,treatment, preoperative hematocrit, preoperative hemoglobin andpretransfusion hemoglobin, number of units transfused, TNM stage,ASA risk, and surgical time.Results. Forty-four patients received transfusions (32 men). Themean age of patients was 65 years and the tumor was lingual in36.36%. The most frequent intervention was tumor exeresis, whichwas associated with bone resection and cervical lymph nodeclearance in 56.82% of cases and with simple reconstruction in 63%of cases. The mean duration of the intervention was 5.7 hours,mean ASA risk was 3, and mean transfusion volume was 2.9 units.Seventy percent of patients had stage IV tumors. Mean hemoglobinconcentration before transfusion was 7.71 g/dl. Surgical time,preoperative hemoglobin concentration, and preoperative hematocritwere statistically significant in multivariate analysis.Conclusions. Allogeneic blood transfusions originate adverse effectsthat can condition the evolution of patients with cancer. Stricttransfusion criteria should be followed (Hb < 8g/dl) to prevent ordiminish these deleterious effects. Preoperative Hb is the only variablethat we can act on to reduce transfusion volume. Blood-sparingprograms should be implemented(AU)

[Relationship between lipid profile and body mass index. Five-year follow-up in children aged 6-11 years old. The Rivas-Vaciamadrid study]. / Relación entre el perfil lipídico y el índice de masa corporal. Seguimiento de los 6 a los 11 años. Estudio Rivas-Vaciamadrid.

BACKGROUND: To study the relationship between lipid profile and body mass index (BMI) in children after a 5-year follow-up. METHOD: A total of 281 children were evaluated at the ages of 6 and 11 years. Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and apoproteins A1 (Apo A) and B100 (Apo B) were measured. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was determined and the Apo B/Apo A, TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C indexes, and the atherogenic index were calculated. BMI was also calculated (BMI 5 kg/m2). Evolution parameters were calculated (EVO 5 value 11 years - value 6 years). Associations between BMI and lipid profile were studied. RESULTS: The prevalence of obesity (according to the criteria of the International Obesity Task Force) was 4.98 % (6 years) and 16,72 % (11 years). In children who were in the fourth BMI quartile at the age of 11 years, LDL-C/HDL-C and TC/HDL-C levels were significantly higher and than those in children in the first quartile but HDL-C and Apo A levels were lower. A significant positive correlation was found between the evolution of BMI and the four indexes studied and TG, but this correlation was negative for HDL-C and Apo A. The evolution of the indexes was positive in 11-year-old obese children and negative in nonobese children. CONCLUSIONS: Lipid profile was worse in 11-year-old children in the fourth BMI quartile than in the remaining children. Obese children had higher values of the indexes studied, supporting the importance of obesity as a cardiovascular risk factor.

Relación entre el perfil lipídico y el índice de masa corporal. Seguimiento de los 6 a los 11 años. Estudio Rivas-Vaciamadrid / Relationship between lipid profile and body mass index. Five-year follow-up in children aged 6-11 years old. The Rivas-Vaciamadrid study

Antecedentes Estudiar la relación entre perfil lipídico e índice de masa corporal en niños tras un seguimiento de 5 años. Método Se estudiaron 281 niños a los 6 y 11 años. Se midió el colesterol total (CT), triglicéridos (TG), colesterol de las lipoproteínas de alta densidad (c-HDL) y apoproteínas A1 (Apo A) y B100 (Apo B). Se calculó el colesterol de las lipoproteínas de baja densidad (c-LDL) e índices Apo B/Apo A, CT/c-HDL, c-LDL/c-HDL y aterogénico. La evolución de los parámetros se calculó: valor a los 11 años-valor a los 6. Se calculó el índice de masa corporal (IMC 5 kg/m 2) y se estudió su relación con el perfil lipídico. Resultados La prevalencia de obesidad (según criterios del International Obesity Task Force) fue del 4,98 % (6 años) y del 16,72 % (11 años). A los 11 años, existen valores significativamente más altos de CT/c-HDL, c-LDL/c-HDL y más bajos de c-HDL y Apo A en niños del cuarto cuartil de IMC. Se encontró una correlación significativa positiva entre la evolución del IMC y la de los 4 índices estudiados y los TG, y negativa para c-HDL y Apo A. La evolución de los índices estudiados presentó un valor positivo en los niños obesos a los 11 años y negativo en los no obesos. Conclusiones Existe un peor perfil lipídico en niños que están en el cuarto cuartil de IMC a los 11 años, así como un aumento de los índices estudiados en niños obesos reforzando el papel de la obesidad como factor de riesgo cardiovascular

Background To study the relationship between lipid profile and body mass index (BMI) in children after a 5-year follow-up. Method A total of 281 children were evaluated at the ages of 6 and 11 years. Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and apoproteins A1 (Apo A) and B100 (Apo B) were measured. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was determined and the Apo B/Apo A, TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C indexes, and the atherogenic index were calculated. BMI was also calculated (BMI 5 kg/m 2). Evolution parameters were calculated (EVO 5 value 11 years ­ value 6 years). Associations between BMI and lipid profile were studied. Results The prevalence of obesity (according to the criteria of the International Obesity Task Force) was 4.98 % (6 years) and 16,72 % (11 years). In children who were in the fourth BMI quartile at the age of 11 years, LDL-C/HDL-C and TC/HDL-C levels were significantly higher and than those in children in the first quartile but HDL-C and Apo A levels were lower. A significant positive correlation was found between the evolution of BMI and the four indexes studied and TG, but this correlation was negative for HDL-C and Apo A. The evolution of the indexes was positive in 11-year-old obese children and negative in nonobese children. Conclusions Lipid profile was worse in 11-year-old children in the fourth BMI quartile than in the remaining children. Obese children had higher values of the indexes studied, supporting the importance of obesity as a cardiovascular risk factor

Evolución de la actividad en los registros de enfermería en pacientes que ingresan para prostatectomía / No disponible

No disponible