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Background: Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a widespread neglected zoonotic disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (EG) with a global burden of control in the billions of dollars. E. granulosus' life cycle involves definitive, intermediate, and humans as dead-end hosts. Echinococcosis control programs use strategies that focus on any of these hosts. We aimed to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the EG control interventions worldwide. Methods: We conducted a scoping review by mapping all studies on interventions for EG control following the Arksey and O'Malley Framework. We screened identified articles, and charted and coded selected papers. We classified the data based on target host, type of study, and control mechanism. We described the efficacy or safety outcomes, and the associated barriers/facilitators for the intervention. Critical appraisal was conducted. Results: From 7,853 screened studies, we analyzed 45: seven centered on human interventions, 21 on animals, and 17 on both. Studies on humans focused on educational strategies and human CE monitoring. The studies on animals were field trials and most were based on Praziquantel (PZQ) for dogs. Studies focused on both animals and humans had, in general, more participants, lasted longer, and covered larger geographical areas. Overall, the quality of studies was moderate to low. Conclusions: Available evidence suggests that long-term interventions aimed at both animals and humans can achieve significant reduction in EG transmission, particularly when PZQ treatment for dogs is included. Higher quality evidence, standardization of methodologies, and better reporting on post-intervention outcomes are necessary for drawing stronger conclusions. Further evidence is needed to assess the sustainability and scalability of control measures. Nonetheless, an integrative One Health approach is essential for overcoming the multiple challenges associated with sustaining long-term control efforts for Echinococcosis.
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Resumen Introducción: La problemática de salud mental en personas con tuberculosis (TBC) ha sido asociada a desenlaces no favorables. En algunos centros de salud (CCSS) del Perú se utiliza una evaluación del estado de salud mental propuesta por la Dirección de Prevención y Control de Tuberculosis, Perú. Objetivos: Evaluar la asociación entre los indicadores de la evaluación de salud mental al inicio del tratamiento y la condición de egreso de personas tratadas con TBC. Material y Métodos: Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo en tres CCSS del distrito de San Juan de Miraflores. La condición de egreso se consideró favorable (curados) y no favorable (fracaso, abandono, fallecidos o cambio de esquema). Resultados: Se encontró una asociación significativa entre la condición de egreso no favorable con la sintomatología depresiva (RR: 2,39; IC95%: 1,19-4,78) y el consumo de sustancias de abuso (RR: 2,58; IC95%: 1,31-5,09) y actividad sexual no protegida (p = 0,04). El análisis multivariado encontró asociación con la sintomatología depresiva (RR: 2,19; IC95%: 1,10-4,35) y consumo de sustancias de abuso (RR: 2,19; IC95%: 1,14-4,20). Conclusión: La sintomatología depresiva y el consumo de sustancias de abuso se asociaron a un desenlace desfavorable. Se debe realizar estudios de intervención sobre estos factores a fin de mejorar el éxito del tratamiento.
Background: Mental health problems in people with tuberculosis (TB) have been associated with negative outcomes. Some health care centers in Peru use an evaluation of mental health status proposed by the Dirección de Prevención y Control de Tuberculosis (DPCTB). Aim: To evaluate the association between the mental health evaluation indicators at the beginning of treatment and the outcome of people treated with TB. Methods: A retrospective cohort study in three health care centers from the district San Juan de Miraflores. The outcome was considered positive (cured) and negative (failure, dropout, death or change of treatment scheme). Results: A significant association was found between the negative outcome and depressive symptoms (RR: 2.39, 95%CI: 1.19-4.78), substance abuse (RR: 2.58; 95%CI: 1.31-5.09) and unprotected sexual intercourse (p = 0.04). The multivariate analysis found association with depressive symptoms (RR: 2.19, 95%CI: 1.10-4.35) and substance abuse (RR: 2.19, 95%CI: 1.14-4.20). Conclusion: Depressive symptoms and drug consumption were associated with negative outcomes. Intervention studies focusing on these factors should be evaluated to improve treatment success.
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Humanos , Tuberculose/tratamento farmacológico , Tuberculose/epidemiologia , Saúde Mental , Peru/epidemiologia , Incidência , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Mental health problems in people with tuberculosis (TB) have been associated with negative outcomes. Some health care centers in Peru use an evaluation of mental health status proposed by the Dirección de Prevención y Control de Tuberculosis (DPCTB). AIM: To evaluate the association between the mental health evaluation indicators at the beginning of treatment and the outcome of people treated with TB. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study in three health care centers from the district San Juan de Miraflores. The outcome was considered positive (cured) and negative (failure, dropout, death or change of treatment scheme). RESULTS: A significant association was found between the negative outcome and depressive symptoms (RR: 2.39, 95%CI: 1.19-4.78), substance abuse (RR: 2.58; 95%CI: 1.31-5.09) and unprotected sexual intercourse (p = 0.04). The multivariate analysis found association with depressive symptoms (RR: 2.19, 95%CI: 1.10-4.35) and substance abuse (RR: 2.19, 95%CI: 1.14-4.20). CONCLUSION: Depressive symptoms and drug consumption were associated with negative outcomes. Intervention studies focusing on these factors should be evaluated to improve treatment success.
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Saúde Mental , Tuberculose , Humanos , Incidência , Peru/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Tuberculose/tratamento farmacológico , Tuberculose/epidemiologiaRESUMO
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