Eco-evolutionary factors that influence its demographic oscillations in Prochilodus costatus (Actinopterygii: Characiformes) populations evidenced through a genetic spatial-temporal evaluation.

The human activity impact on wild animal populations is indicated by eco-evolutionary and demographic processes, along with their survival and capacity to evolve; consequently, such data can contribute toward enhancing genetic-based conservation programs. In this context, knowledge on the life-history and the eco-evolutionary processes is required to understand extant patterns of population structure in Prochilodus costatus a Neotropical migratory fish that has been threatened due to loss and fragmentation of its natural habitat since 1960s promoted by the expansion of hydroelectric power plant construction programs. This study evaluated the eco-evolutionary parameters that cause oscillations in the demography and structure of P. costatus populations. An integrated approach was used, including temporal and spatial sampling, next-generation sequencing of eight microsatellite loci, multivariate genetic analysis, and demographic life-history reconstruction. The results provided evidence of the complex interplay of ecological-evolutionary and human-interference events on the life history of this species in the upper basin. In particular, spawning wave behavior might have ecological triggers resulting in an overlapping of distinct genetic generations, and arising distinct migratory and nonmigratory genetic patterns living in the same area. An abrupt decrease in the effective population size of the P. costatus populations in the recent past (1960-80) was likely driven by environment fragmentation promoted by the construction of the Três Marias hydropower dam. The low allelic diversity that resulted from this event is still detected today; thus, active stocking programs are not effective at expanding the genetic diversity of this species in the river basin. Finally, this study highlights the importance of using mixed methods to understand spatial and temporal variation in genetic structure for effective mitigation and conservation programs for threatened species that are directly affected by human actions.

Findings from Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography with 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Uncover a Potential Marker of Nutritional Status in Cancer Patients: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study.

BACKGROUND: Cancer patients often have altered nutritional status and periodically undergo imaging tests. We hypothesized that standard uptake values (SUV) by positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) with 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) could be associated with the nutritional status of cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adult cancer patients who underwent clinical evaluation and PET/CT with 18 F-FDG on the same day were included in a cross-sectional pilot study. The focus was on evaluating 18 F-FDG findings with regard to nutritional status, with an emphasis on liver SUVmean and tumor SUVmax. RESULTS: A total of 179 patients were evaluated. One hundred and three (57.5%) were classified as well-nourished, 54 (30.1%) as suspected/moderately malnourished, and 22 (12.2%) as severely malnourished. The median hepatic SUVmean was 2.29, with 1.87 corresponding to the 10th percentile. There was a significant difference between the severely malnourished (2.02) and well-nourished or suspected/moderately malnourished (2.36) patients. Severely malnourished patients were more likely to have a SUVmean < 1.87 (p = .035). The tumor SUVmax also was significantly higher in severely malnourished patients (p = .003). CONCLUSION: Cancer patients with severe malnutrition have lower values of hepatic SUVmean and higher values of tumor SUVmax in PET/CT with 18F-FDG when compared to well-nourished patients.

NUMBER OF CASES OF VARICELLA AND HOSPITALIZATION IN A PEDIATRIC REFERENCE HOSPITAL IN BRAZIL AFTER INTRODUCING THE VACCINE.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the number of cases and the profile of hospitalizations from varicella after the introduction of the measles, mumps, rubella and varicella combination vaccine in the public health system. METHODS: Retrospective study in an infectious diseases pediatric hospital of reference in Southeast Brazil. The cases with a clinical diagnosis of varicella, from January 2011 to June 2016, were assessed from pediatricians' medical records. The hospitalizations were classified into a pre-vaccine group and post-vaccine group, based on the date the vaccine was introduced (September 2013). Both groups were compared by age, sex, time of hospitalization, reason for hospitalization, hospital complications, duration of intensive care, and clinical outcome. RESULTS: A total of 830 hospitalizations were recorded; 543 in the pre-vaccine period and 287 in the post-vaccine period, a reduction of 47.1% (p<0.001). In both periods, a similar profile in the hospitalizations was noticed: majority male; aged between one to five years old; most complications due to secondary causes (mainly skin infections); main outcome was clinical improvement and discharge from the hospital. In the pre-vaccine period, six deaths were recorded and two were recorded in the post-vaccine period. CONCLUSIONS: The profile of the hospitalizations was expected to stay the same since this study did not compare vaccinated with unvaccinated children, but hospitalizations before and after the vaccine was introduced. In accordance with the medical literature, we found a significant fall in the number of hospitalizations from varicella.

Number of cases of varicella and hospitalization in a pediatric reference hospital in brazil after introducing the vaccine / Avaliação do número de casos e do perfil de internações por varicela em hospital pediátrico após a introdução da vacina

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the number of cases and the profile of hospitalizations from varicella after the introduction of the measles, mumps, rubella and varicella combination vaccine in the public health system. Methods: Retrospective study in an infectious diseases pediatric hospital of reference in Southeast Brazil. The cases with a clinical diagnosis of varicella, from January 2011 to June 2016, were assessed from pediatricians' medical records. The hospitalizations were classified into a pre-vaccine group and post-vaccine group, based on the date the vaccine was introduced (September 2013). Both groups were compared by age, sex, time of hospitalization, reason for hospitalization, hospital complications, duration of intensive care, and clinical outcome. Results: A total of 830 hospitalizations were recorded; 543 in the pre-vaccine period and 287 in the post-vaccine period, a reduction of 47.1% (p<0.001). In both periods, a similar profile in the hospitalizations was noticed: majority male; aged between one to five years old; most complications due to secondary causes (mainly skin infections); main outcome was clinical improvement and discharge from the hospital. In the pre-vaccine period, six deaths were recorded and two were recorded in the post-vaccine period. Conclusions: The profile of the hospitalizations was expected to stay the same since this study did not compare vaccinated with unvaccinated children, but hospitalizations before and after the vaccine was introduced. In accordance with the medical literature, we found a significant fall in the number of hospitalizations from varicella.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o número de casos e o perfil das internações por varicela após a introdução da vacina quádrupla viral na rede pública. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo conduzido em hospital pediátrico referência em doenças infectocontagiosas na Região Sudeste do Brasil. Foram avaliados os casos com diagnóstico clínico de varicela, registrados em prontuário por médico pediatra, de janeiro de 2011 até junho de 2016. As internações foram classificadas em grupo pré-vacinal e grupo pós-vacinal, com base na data de introdução da vacina (setembro de 2013). Os grupos foram comparados em relação a: faixa etária, sexo, tempo de hospitalização, causas da internação, complicações hospitalares, tempo da internação em terapia intensiva e desfecho clínico. Resultados: Foram documentadas 830 internações, 543 no período pré-vacinal e 287 no pós-vacinal, ocorrendo redução de 47,1% nas internações (p<0,001). Em ambos os períodos, notou-se um perfil similar das internações, predominantemente: sexo masculino; faixa etária de um a cinco anos; por causas secundárias (principalmente infecções de pele); evoluindo com melhora clínica e alta hospitalar. Em relação ao número de óbitos, ocorreram seis no período pré-vacinal e dois no pós-vacinal. Conclusões: A manutenção do perfil das internações era esperada, visto que o trabalho não comparou crianças vacinadas com não vacinadas, e sim internações pré e pós-vacinais. Observou-se, em concordância com a literatura, queda substancial no número de internações por varicela.

Genetic evaluation of migratory fish: Implications for conservation and stocking programs.

Fish stocking programs have been implemented to mitigate the blockage of original riverbeds by the construction of hydropower dams, which affects the natural migration of fish populations. However, this method raises concerns regarding the genetic rescue of the original populations of migratory fish species. We investigated the spatial distribution of genetic properties, such as genetic diversity, population structure, and gene flow (migration), of the Neotropical migratory fish Prochilodus costatus in the Três Marias dam in the São Francisco River basin, Brazil, and examined the possible effects of fish stocking programs on P. costatus populations in this region. In total, 1,017 specimens were sampled from 12 natural sites and a fish stocking program, and genotyped for high-throughput sequencing at 8 microsatellite loci. The populations presented low genetic variability, with evidence of inbreeding and the presence of only four genetic pools; three pools were observed throughout the study region, and the fourth was exclusive to one area in the Paraopeba River. Additionally, we identified high unidirectional gene flow between regions, and a preferred migratory route between the Pará River and the upper portion of the São Francisco River. The fish stocking program succeeded in transposing the genetic pools from downstream to upstream of the Três Marias dam, but, regrettably, promoted genetic homogenization in the upper São Francisco River basin. Moreover, the data show the fragility of this species at the genetic level. This monitoring strategy could be a model for the development of conservation and management measures for migratory fish populations that are consumed by humans.

Cicatrização por segunda intenção como alternativa terapêutica para blebite grave / Second intention healing as a therapeutic alternative for blebitis serious

As infecções relacionadas à ampola filtrante da cirurgia de trabeculectomia podem ser divididas em dois subgrupos: formas localizadas de infiltrado mucopurulento limitadas a ela (blebite) ou uma infecção que envolve todo o olho (endoftalmite). Neste último caso, podemos observar hipópio e células no vítreo anterior. De etiologia ainda pouco definida, sabe-se que o uso de antimetabólitos como a mitomicina aumenta o risco de formação de bolha cística avascular mais susceptível à infecção. Embora não haja consenso sobre o manejo da blebite, sugere-se o início imediato da antibioticoterapia e o monitoramento diário. As intervenções cirúrgicas geralmente consistem na remoção do tecido não saudável, seguido de avanço conjuntival ou falha intencional da ampola seguida do implante de um tubo. O objetivo deste estudo é relatar uma abordagem cirúrgica incomum em um caso de blebite grave. Não foram encontrados dados na literatura de Oftalmologia que pudessem sugerir um manejo expectante mantendo uma esclera exposta, sem prejuízo do desfecho final da cirurgia fistulizante. (AU)

Infections related to the filtering ampoule of trabeculectomy surgery can be divided into two subgroups: localized forms of mucopurulent infiltrate limited to it (blebitis) or an infection involving the entire eye (endophthalmitis). In the second case we can observe hypopyon and cells in the anterior vitreous. Of a still poorly defined etiology, the use of antimetabolites, such as mitomycin, is known to increase the risk of creating an avascular cystic bleb more susceptible to infection. Although there is no consensus on blebitis management, it is suggested to start antibiotic therapy immediately and monitor it daily. Surgical interventions usually consist of removing the unhealthy tissue followed by conjunctival advancement or intentional failure of the ampulla followed by tube implantation. The aim of this study is to report an unusual surgical approach in a severe blebitis case. No data were found in the Ophthalmology literature that could suggest an expectant management maintaining an exposed sclera without any prejudice to the final outcome of the fistulizing surgery.

Estudo do coagulograma em pacientes com idade entre 30 e 40 anos de um ambulatório de avaliação pré-anestésica de um hospital-escola do noroeste paulista / Coagulogram study in patients aged 30-40 years of a pre-anesthetic clinic evaluation assessment clinic of a school hospital of Sao Paulo state northwest / Estudio de coagulograma en pacientes de 30 a 40 años de la clinica de evaluación pre anestésica de un hospital escolar del noroeste paulista

Introdução: A avaliação pré-anestésica permite melhores resultados nos procedimentos cirúrgicos em relação à saúde do paciente, satisfação da equipe e logística hospitalar. Entretanto, não há um consenso sobre solicitação de exames. O coagulograma avalia a atividade de coagulação do paciente e é pedido demasiadamente pelo receio de grandes sangramentos intraoperatórios. Objetivo: Analisar o coagulograma de pacientes com idade entre 30 e 40 anos, sabidamente não portadores de doenças que alteram a coagulação sanguínea e/ou em uso de anticoagulantes. Método: Estudo descritivo, de caráter retrospectivo, realizado por meio de coleta de dados de prontuários de pacientes que realizaram avaliação pré-anestésica em ambulatório do Hospital-Escola Emílio Carlos. Resultados: Apenas 43 pacientes preenchiam o critério de inclusão proposto no trabalho. Conclusão: Avaliados laboratorialmente, sete pacientes demonstraram tempo parcial de tromboplastina ativada alterado, porém sem significado estatístico.(AU)

Introduction: Pre-anesthetic evaluation is performed in medical records regarding patient health, staff satisfaction and hospital logistics. However, there is no consensus on requesting exams. The coagulogram evaluates the patient's clotting activity and is overly requested because of fear of major intraoperative bleeding. Objective: The analyze of coagulogram from patients aged 30 to 40 years, who are known not to have a coagulation blood disease or using anticoagulants. Method: This is a descriptive retrospective study, using data from medical records of patients who underwent pre-anesthetic evaluation at the Hospital-Escola Emílio Carlos outpatient clinic. Results: Only 43 patients met the inclusion criteria proposed in the study. Conclusion: In the laboratory evaluation, seven patients showed altered activated partial thromboplastin time changed, but without statistical significance.(AU)

Introducción: la evaluación preanestésica se realiza en los registros médicos relacionados con la salud del paciente, la satisfacción del personal y la logística del hospital. Sin embargo, no hay consenso sobre la solicitud de exámenes. El coagulograma evalúa la actividad de coagulación de un paciente y se hace demasiado por temor a una hemorragia intraoperatoria importante. Objetivo: El análisis del coagulograma de pacientes de 30 a 40 años de edad que se sabe que no tienen una enfermedad de la coagulación sanguínea o que usan anticoagulantes. Método: Este es un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo, utizaando datos de registros médicos de pacientes que se sometieron a una evaluación preanestésica en la clínica ambulatoria del Hospital-Escola Emílio Carlos. Resultados: Solo 43 pacientes cumplieron los criterios de inclusión propuestos en el estudio. Conclusión: En la evaluación de laboratorio, siete pacientes mostraron el tiempo de tromboplastina parcial activada cambió alterada, pero sin significación estadística.(AU)

Autoimmune hepatitis in 828 Brazilian children and adolescents: clinical and laboratory findings, histological profile, treatments, and outcomes / Hepatite autoimune em 828 crianças e adolescentes brasileiros: achados clínicos e laboratoriais, perfil histológico, tratamentos e resultados

Abstract Objective: This large study with a long-term follow-up aimed to evaluate the clinical presentation, laboratory findings, histological profile, treatments, and outcomes of children and adolescents with autoimmune hepatitis. Methods: The medical records of 828 children and adolescents with autoimmune hepatitis were reviewed. A questionnaire was used to collect anonymous data on clinical presentation, biochemical and histological findings, and treatments. Results: Of all patients, 89.6% had autoimmune hepatitis-1 and 10.4% had autoimmune hepatitis-2. The female sex was predominant in both groups. The median age at symptom onset was 111.5 (6; 210) and 53.5 (8; 165) months in the patients with autoimmune hepatitis 1 and autoimmune hepatitis-2, respectively. Acute clinical onset was observed in 56.1% and 58.8% and insidious symptoms in 43.9% and 41.2% of the patients with autoimmune hepatitis-1 and autoimmune hepatitis-2, respectively. The risk of hepatic failure was 1.6-fold higher for autoimmune hepatitis-2. Fulminant hepatic failure occurred in 3.6% and 10.6% of the patients with autoimmune hepatitis-1 and autoimmune hepatitis-2, respectively; the risk was 3.1-fold higher for autoimmune hepatitis-2. The gamma globulin and immunoglobulin G levels were significantly higher in autoimmune hepatitis-1, while the immunoglobulin A and C3 levels were lower in autoimmune hepatitis-2. Cirrhosis was observed in 22.4% of the patients; biochemical remission was achieved in 76.2%. The actuarial survival rate was 93.0%. A total of 4.6% underwent liver transplantation, and 6.9% died (autoimmune hepatitis-1: 7.5%; autoimmune hepatitis-2: 2.4%). Conclusions: In this large clinical series of Brazilian children and adolescents, autoimmune hepatitis-1 was more frequent, and patients with autoimmune hepatitis-2 exhibited higher disease remission rates with earlier response to treatment. Patients with autoimmune hepatitis-1 had a higher risk of death.

Resumo Objetivo: Este estudo com acompanhamento de longo prazo visou a avaliar o quadro clínico, os achados laboratoriais, o perfil histológico, os tratamentos e os resultados de crianças e adolescentes com hepatite autoimune. Métodos: Foram analisados os prontuários médicos de 828 crianças e adolescentes com HAI. Foi usado um questionário para coletar os dados anônimos sobre o quadro clínico, os achados bioquímicos e histológicos e os tratamentos. Resultados: De todos os pacientes, 89,6% tinham hepatite autoimune-1 e 10,4% hepatite autoimune-2. O sexo feminino foi predominante nos dois grupos. A idade média no início dos sintomas foi 111,5 (6; 210) e 53,5 (8; 165) meses nos pacientes com hepatite autoimune-1 e hepatite autoimune-2, respectivamente. Foi observado início clínico agudo em 56,1% e 58,8% e sintomas insidiosos em 43,9% e 41,2% dos pacientes com hepatite autoimune-1 e hepatite autoimune-2, respectivamente. A probabilidade de insuficiência hepática foi 1,6 vezes maior para hepatite autoimune-2; 3,6% e 10,6% dos pacientes com hepatite autoimune-1 e hepatite autoimune-2, respectivamente, apresentaram insuficiência hepática fulminante; o risco foi 3,1 vezes maior para hepatite autoimune-2. Os níveis de gamaglobulina e imunoglobulina G foram significativamente maiores nos pacientes com hepatite autoimune-1, ao passo que os níveis de imunoglobulina A e C3 foram menores em pacientes com hepatite autoimune-2; 22,4% dos pacientes apresentaram cirrose e a remissão bioquímica foi atingida em 76,2%. A taxa de sobrevida atuarial foi de 93,0%. Um total de 4,6% pacientes foram submetidos a transplante de fígado e 6,9% morreram (hepatite autoimune-1: 7,5%; hepatite autoimune-2: 2,4%). Conclusões: Nesta grande série clínica de crianças e adolescentes brasileiros, a hepatite autoimune-1 foi mais frequente e os pacientes com hepatite autoimune-2 mostraram maiores taxas de remissão da doença com respostas mais rápidas aos tratamentos. Os pacientes com hepatite autoimune-1 apresentaram maior risco de óbito.

Autoimmune hepatitis in 828 Brazilian children and adolescents: clinical and laboratory findings, histological profile, treatments, and outcomes.

OBJECTIVE: This large study with a long-term follow-up aimed to evaluate the clinical presentation, laboratory findings, histological profile, treatments, and outcomes of children and adolescents with autoimmune hepatitis. METHODS: The medical records of 828 children and adolescents with autoimmune hepatitis were reviewed. A questionnaire was used to collect anonymous data on clinical presentation, biochemical and histological findings, and treatments. RESULTS: Of all patients, 89.6% had autoimmune hepatitis-1 and 10.4% had autoimmune hepatitis-2. The female sex was predominant in both groups. The median age at symptom onset was 111.5 (6; 210) and 53.5 (8; 165) months in the patients with autoimmune hepatitis 1 and autoimmune hepatitis-2, respectively. Acute clinical onset was observed in 56.1% and 58.8% and insidious symptoms in 43.9% and 41.2% of the patients with autoimmune hepatitis-1 and autoimmune hepatitis-2, respectively. The risk of hepatic failure was 1.6-fold higher for autoimmune hepatitis-2. Fulminant hepatic failure occurred in 3.6% and 10.6% of the patients with autoimmune hepatitis-1 and autoimmune hepatitis-2, respectively; the risk was 3.1-fold higher for autoimmune hepatitis-2. The gamma globulin and immunoglobulin G levels were significantly higher in autoimmune hepatitis-1, while the immunoglobulin A and C3 levels were lower in autoimmune hepatitis-2. Cirrhosis was observed in 22.4% of the patients; biochemical remission was achieved in 76.2%. The actuarial survival rate was 93.0%. A total of 4.6% underwent liver transplantation, and 6.9% died (autoimmune hepatitis-1: 7.5%; autoimmune hepatitis-2: 2.4%). CONCLUSIONS: In this large clinical series of Brazilian children and adolescents, autoimmune hepatitis-1 was more frequent, and patients with autoimmune hepatitis-2 exhibited higher disease remission rates with earlier response to treatment. Patients with autoimmune hepatitis-1 had a higher risk of death.

Estudo da alteração glicêmica em pacientes entre 30 a 40 anos não diabéticos em avaliação pré-anestésica de um Hospital-Escola na cidade de Catanduva-SP / Study of the change in glycemic index in patients between 30 to 40 years old non-diabetic individuals in pre-anesthesia evaluation care at a Hospital-School in the city of São Paulo / Estudio de la alteración glucémica en pacientes entre 30 a 40 años no diabéticos en la evaluación pre-anestésica de un Hospital-Escuela de la ciudad de Catanduva-SP

Introdução: O valor da glicemia é de grande importância para a avaliação pré-anestésica, que tem como finalidade reduzir a morbimortalidade do paciente durante durante ou após a cirurgia. Isso inclui realizar avaliações criteriosas e mais minuciosas com exames complementares para auxiliar em diagnósticos antes não encontrados, como o caso de alterações glicêmicas. Objetivo: Detectar alterações da glicemia em pacientes de 30 a 40 anos, não portadores de diabetes mellitus, de modo retrospectivo. Método: A metodologia é descritiva; trata-se da análise de prontuários de maio a agosto de 2017, considerando alguns fatores de exclusão como paciente em uso de hipoglicemiantes orais. Resultados: Os resultados encontrados demonstraram uma média glicêmica normal, porém com um desvio padrão que indica picos glicêmicos em alguns pacientes...(AU)

Radiopacity of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate with and without Inclusion of Silver Nanoparticles.

AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the inclusion of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) in the mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) composition to know which changes will result in the radiopacity of the material. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The experiment was performed according to the American National Standard Institute/American Dental Association specification no. 57/2000 and ISO 6876/2001. Five plates with five holes measuring 1 mm in depth and 5 mm in internal diameter were filled according to the different experimental groups as follows: white mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA) + NP50 - W MTA with liquid Ag NP 50 ppm, WMTA + NP30 - W MTA with liquid Ag NP 30 ppm, WMTA + NP22 - W MTA with liquid Ag NP 22 ppm, WMTA + NPP - white MTA with liquid Ag NP and powder 1%, WMTA (control). After filling the plates, they were kept in an incubator at 37°C in relative humidity for setting. Each sample was positioned along an aluminum step-wedge placed above the Opteo digital sensor system. The image was divided into four quadrants, and three readings were made for each quadrant to render the average of each quadrant. The resulting data were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests. RESULTS: The results showed statistically significant differences between WMTA + NP30, WMTA + NP22, and WMTA + NPP interactions compared with WMTA (control) (p < 0.05). The radiopacity was in descending order: WMTA + NPP, WMTA + NP22, WMTA + NP30, MTA + NP50, and WMTA. CONCLUSION: Silver NPs changed the radiopacity of WMTA, being more evident in WMTA + NP powder at 1% weight. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The low radiopacity of MTA makes it difficult for any radiographic observation. The Ag NPs appear as an alternative, being an excellent radiopacifier as they have excellent antimicrobial property and relatively low toxicity.

Leporinus elongatus (Characiformes, Anostomidae): complete mtDNA sequence of an economically important fish from the Paraná and La Plata river basins.

Leporinus elongatus is an important commercial fish found in the La Plata and Paraná River basins. Next-generation sequencing was used to sequence the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of L. elongatus. The mtDNA was assembled using the CLC Workbench software v. 9.0 and subsequently aligned to other 10 complete fish mitochondrial sequences to enable phylogenetic analysis using MEGA 7.0. The complete mtDNA molecule had 16,784 bp and its GC content was 43%. The mtDNA structure was similar to that of other vertebrates: two ribosomal RNA, 22 transfer RNA, 13 protein-coding genes, and a D-loop region containing 1115 bp. Phylogenetic analysis yielded a tree with high bootstrap value that was coherent with the current phylogeny proposed for Characiformes.

Description and comparison of two economically important fish species mitogenomes: Prochilodus argenteus and Prochilodus costatus (Characiformes, Prochilodontidae).

Prochilodus spp. are important Brazilian freshwater migratory fishes with substantial economic and ecological importance. Prochilodus argenteus and Prochilodus costatus are morphologically similar and a molecular species delimitation is impaired due to high degree of sequence identity among the available genetic markers. Here, the complete mitochondrial genome of P. argenteus and P. costatus and their comparison to the mitogenome of P. lineatus are described. The three species displayed a similar mtDNA annotation. A phylogenetic analysis was performed with other Characiformes species. The genus Prochilodus was recovered as a monophyletic group, as well as the family Prochilodontidae, both with high bootstrap probability.

Complete mitochondrial DNA of Hoplias intermedius (Günther, 1864) (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Erythrinidae).

Mitochondrial complete genome (mtDNA) of Hoplias intermedius, commonly known as "traírão" is presented. DNA from a muscle tissue sample was sequenced by next-generation sequencing. To corroborate the results, phylogenetic analysis was performed with MEGA6 to compare the complete mitogenome of H. intermedius with genomes of other Characiformes species. The mtDNA molecule was circular and 16,629 bp in length. Gene content included 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes and a D-loop noncoding region. All genes had ATG as the start codon. Six genes carried complete stop codons of AGG (COI), TGA (ND6) and TAA (ND1, ATPase 8, ND4L and ND5), while seven genes had incomplete stop codons. Phylogenetic relationships with other Ostariophysi species placed H. intermedius together with H. malabaricus as a monophyletic group belonging to the order Characiformes.

Pimelodus maculatus (Siluriformes, Pimelodidae): complete mtDNA sequence of an economically important fish from the São Francisco river basin.

Pimelodus maculatus is an important commercial fish found in the São Francisco and Paraná river basins. NGS was used to sequence the mtDNA of P. maculatus. The mtDNA was annotated and aligned with that of 25 other fish species to enable phylogenetic analysis. The complete mtDNA molecule had 16,561 bp and its GC content was 43.7%; the structure was similar to that of other vertebrates: 2 rRNA, 22 tRNA, 13 protein-coding genes, and a D-loop region containing 914 bp. Phylogenetic analysis yielded a tree with a high bootstrap coefficient that was coherent with the actual phylogeny of the species.

Aspectos clínico-macroscópicos da agenesia pulmonar unilateral esquerda em filhote de jabuti (Chelonoidis carbonarius) / Clinical and macroscopic aspects of left unilateral pulmonary agenesis in tortoise hatchling (Chelonoidis carbonarius)

A agenesia pulmonar é uma anomalia congênita extremamente rara, representada pela falha no desenvolvimento dos brotamentos pulmonares, que geralmente acontece unilateralmente. O objetivo do trabalho foi relatar aspectos clínico-macroscópicos da ocorrência de agenesia pulmonar unilateral em filhote de Chelonoidis carbonarius. Ovos de jabutis (n = 83) foram incubados artificialmente a 29ºC durante 131 dias, sendo que somente 10 eclodiram. No momento da eclosão, todos os filhotes apresentavam aspecto morfológico normal. Os filhotes foram alimentados diariamente com frutas e verduras até completarem aproximadamente dois meses de idade, quando foram eutanasiados. Durante este período, observou-se que um dos filhotes apresentou como sinais clínicos respiração ofegante e pela boca, dificuldade em se alimentar e pouco deslocamento dentro da caixa, ficando isolado dos demais filhotes. À necropsia, este apresentou ausência do pulmão esquerdo, baixo desenvolvimento de órgãos e dilatação cardíaca. O caso traz como relevância a ocorrência da agenesia pulmonar unilateral à esquerda, sem associação com outras malformações.

Pulmonary agenesis is an extremely rare congenital anomaly, represented by the failure in the development of lung buds, which usually occurs unilaterally. The aim of study is present a report of clinical and macroscopical aspects and consequences for body development in the event of unilateral lung agenesis in tortoise's hatchlings (Chelonoidis carbonarius). The eggs of tortoises were incubated artificially at 29 °C for 131 days. Eighty-three eggs were incubated and only 10 hatched. At hatching, all hatchlings had presented normal morphological appearance. The hatchlings were fed daily with fruits and vegetables for two months, when they were euthanized. We observed a case in which the tortoise showed signs of pulmonary agenesis of the left side, without association with other malformations. Clinical signs included wheezing, breathing through the mouth, difficulty in feeding and little movement within the box. At necropsy, we observed the absence of the left lung, reduced size of viscera and cardiac dilatation. The case brings relevance to the occurrence of unilateral lung agenesis at left in tortoise's hatchling, with description of the clinical signs and macroscopic findings during necropsy.

The harvestmen fauna (Arachnida: Opiliones) of the Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho, and the Floresta Nacional de Ipanema, São Paulo, Brazil / A fauna de opiliões (Arachnida: Opiliones) do Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho e Floresta Nacional de Ipanema, São Paulo, Brazil

The harvestmen fauna of the Floresta Nacional de Ipanema (FLONA Ipanema) and Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho (PE Carlos Botelho) were inventoried using nocturnal manual collection and sifting of litter. Fourteen species were recorded from the FLONA Ipanema, a richness and diversity higher than those previously reported for other localities in Atlantic Semi-deciduous Forest. The PE Carlos Botelho, with 38 recorded species, is the third richest site for harvestmen in the state of São Paulo. The estimates of species richness place the FLONA Ipanema with a richness of locations near the Coastal Atlantic Rain Forest. A similarity analysis showed that the areas possess only a few species in common, indicated by the very low of similarities indexes, showing the high level of endemism of harvestmen species. The similarities in harvestmen composition were related to the distance between the areas. PE Carlos Botelho showed high similarity with the Parque da Onça Parda (only 5 km away) and with other areas of Coastal Atlantic Rain Forest. The FLONA Ipanema showed low similarity indexes with the other areas analyzed. In a DCA analysis, PE Carlos Botelho forms a group with other areas of Coastal Atlantic Rain Forest and FLONA Ipanema is placed in an intermediate position between the areas of Coastal Atlantic Rain Forest and areas of Atlantic Semi-deciduous Forest and Cerrado.

A fauna de opiliões da Floresta Nacional de Ipanema (FLONA Ipanema) e Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho (PE Carlos Botelho) foi inventariada através de coleta manual noturna e triagem de folhiço com peneira. Catorze espécies foram registradas na FLONA Ipanema, a maior riqueza conhecida para áreas de Floresta Atlântica Semidecídua. O PE Carlos Botelho teve 38 espécies registradas, sendo a terceira área mais rica em opiliões no estado de São Paulo. As estimativas de riqueza de espécies colocam a FLONA Ipanema próxima do observado nas localidades de Floresta Atlântica Ombrófila. Uma análise de similaridade mostrou que as diferentes áreas de Mata Atlântica possuem poucas espécies em comum, indicado pelos baixos índices de similaridade, o que demonstra o alto grau de endemismo das espécies de opiliões. A similaridade entre as faunas de opiliões foi relacionada com a distância geográfica entre as áreas. PE Carlos Botelho apresentou alta similaridade com o Parque da Onça Parda (distantes somente 5 quilômetros) e com outras áreas de Mata Atlântica Ombrófila. A FLONA Ipanema apresentou baixos índices de similaridade com as demais áreas analisadas. Na análise de DCA, o PE Carlos Botelho formou um grupo com as demais áreas da Mata Atlântica Ombrófila e a FLONA Ipanema apresentou uma posição intermediária entre as áreas de Mata Atlântica Ombrófila e as de Floresta Atlântica Semidecídua e Cerrado.

Cirurgias radioguiadas em mastologia / Radioguided surgery in mastology

As técnicas conjuntas da mastologia, com auxílio da medicina nuclear, representam um importante papel na atualidade. A investigação das lesões não palpáveis da mama, através das cirurgias radioguiadas (ROLL), e a possibilidade da cirurgia conservadora da axila, através da análise do linfonodo sentinela (LS), são avanços tecnológicos disponíveis e cada vez mais utilizados na prática clínica. A utilização destas duas técnicas conjugadas (SNOLL) procura associar as facilidades do ROLL com os benefícios do linfonodo sentinela uma vez que o amplo uso dos métodos invasivos para diagnóstico do câncer de mama como o PAAF, core biopsy e mamotomia permitem o planejamento cirúrgico definitivo e simultâneo do tumor e da axila.