GIS-based G × E modeling of maize hybrids through enviromic markers engineering.

Through enviromics, precision breeding leverages innovative geotechnologies to customize crop varieties to specific environments, potentially improving both crop yield and genetic selection gains. In Brazil's four southernmost states, data from 183 distinct geographic field trials (also accounting for 2017-2021) covered information on 164 genotypes: 79 phenotyped maize hybrid genotypes for grain yield and their 85 nonphenotyped parents. Additionally, 1342 envirotypic covariates from weather, soil, sensor-based, and satellite sources were collected to engineer 10 K synthetic enviromic markers via machine learning. Soil, radiation light, and surface temperature variations remarkably affect differential genotype yield, hinting at ecophysiological adjustments including evapotranspiration and photosynthesis. The enviromic ensemble-based random regression model showcases superior predictive performance and efficiency compared to the baseline and kernel models, matching the best genotypes to specific geographic coordinates. Clustering analysis has identified regions that minimize genotype-environment (G × E) interactions. These findings underscore the potential of enviromics in crafting specific parental combinations to breed new, higher-yielding hybrid crops. The adequate use of envirotypic information can enhance the precision and efficiency of maize breeding by providing important inputs about the environmental factors that affect the average crop performance. Generating enviromic markers associated with grain yield can enable a better selection of hybrids for specific environments.

Frailty and sociodemographic and health factors, and social support network in the brazilian elderly: A longitudinal study / Fragilidad y factores sociodemográficos, de salud y red de apoyo social en adultos mayores brasileños: estudio longitudinal / Fragilidade e fatores sociodemográficos, de saúde e rede de apoio social em idosos brasileiros: estudo longitudinal

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify and analyze the sociodemographic and health factors and the social support network of the elderly associated with frailty in the assessments carried out between 2007/2008 and 2018. Methods: This is a longitudinal study with elderly people aged ≥65 years living in the community. The instruments used were those for Demographic Profile, the Mini Mental State Examination, the Functional Independence Measure, Lawton and Brody Scale, Geriatric Depression Scale, Minimum Relationship Map for the Elderly, and Edmonton Frail Scale. Descriptive analysis and linear regression were used, all tests with p < 0.05. Results: Of the 189 elderly in the study period (2007/2008-2018), most were 80 years old and over, with an average of 82.31 years old; they were women, with no partner, who lived with other family members and were retired. In the final analysis, regardless of age and sex, a decrease in functional independence, an increase in depressive symptoms, an increase in the number of self-reported illnesses, and an increase in the frailty score were observed. Conclusion: The factors that were associated with the increase in frailty of the elderly during the study period were age, female sex, and no partner. The health team, which includes nurses, shall be aware of changes and develop care plans to prevent or avoid their progression.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar y analizar los factores sociodemográficos, de salud y red de apoyo social del adulto mayor asociado a la fragilidad en las evaluaciones realizadas entre 2007/2008 y 2018. Método: Estudio longitudinal con adultos mayores con ≥65 años que viven en la comunidad. Se utilizaron los instrumentos de Perfil demográfico, Mini Examen del Estado Mental, Medida de Independencia Funcional, Escala de Lawton y Brody, Escala de Depresión Geriátrica, Mapa Mínimo de Relaciones del Anciano e Escala de Fragilidad de Edmonton. Se utilizó el análisis descriptivo y regresión linear, todos los tests con p < 0,05. Resultados: Entre los 189 adultos mayores en el período de la investigación (2007/2008-2018), la mayoría tenía 80 años o más, con edad promedia de 82,31 años; sexo femenino, sin pareja, vivían con otros familiares y eran jubilados. En el análisis final sin considerar la edad y el sexo, se averiguó la disminución de la independencia funcional, aumento de los síntomas depresivos, del número de enfermedades auto referidas y aumento en el score de fragilidad. Conclusión: Los factores que se asociaron al aumento de la fragilidad del adulto mayor en el tiempo de investigación fueron la edad, el sexo femenino y sin pareja. El equipo de salud, que incluye a enfermería, debe tener atención a los cambios y elaborar planes de cuidados para prevenir o evitar su progresión.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar e analisar os fatores sociodemográficos, de saúde e rede de apoio social do idoso associados à fragilidade nas avaliações realizadas entre 2007/2008 e 2018. Método: Estudo longitudinal com idosos de idade ≥65 anos que vivem na comunidade. Foram utilizados os instrumentos de Perfil demográfico, Mini Exame do Estado Mental, Medida de Independência Funcional, Escala de Lawton e Brody, Escala de Depressão Geriátrica, Mapa Mínimo de Relações do Idoso e Escala de Fragilidade de Edmonton. Utilizou-se a análise descritiva e regressão linear, todos os testes com p < 0,05. Resultados: Dos 189 idosos no período do estudo (2007/2008-2018), a maioria tinha 80 anos e mais, com média de 82,31 anos; sexo feminino, sem companheiro, moravam com outros familiares e eram aposentados. Na análise final, independentemente da idade e do sexo, verificou-se diminuição da independência funcional, aumento dos sintomas depressivos, do número de doenças autorreferidas e aumento no escore da fragilidade. Conclusão: Os fatores que se associaram ao aumento da fragilidade do idoso no tempo de estudo foram idade, sexo feminino e sem companheiro. A equipe de saúde, que inclui a enfermagem, deve estar atenta às mudanças e elaborar planos de cuidados para prevenir ou evitar a sua progressão.

Frailty and sociodemographic and health factors, and social support network in the brazilian elderly: A longitudinal study.

OBJECTIVE: To identify and analyze the sociodemographic and health factors and the social support network of the elderly associated with frailty in the assessments carried out between 2007/2008 and 2018. METHODS: This is a longitudinal study with elderly people aged ≥65 years living in the community. The instruments used were those for Demographic Profile, the Mini Mental State Examination, the Functional Independence Measure, Lawton and Brody Scale, Geriatric Depression Scale, Minimum Relationship Map for the Elderly, and Edmonton Frail Scale. Descriptive analysis and linear regression were used, all tests with p < 0.05. RESULTS: Of the 189 elderly in the study period (2007/2008-2018), most were 80 years old and over, with an average of 82.31 years old; they were women, with no partner, who lived with other family members and were retired. In the final analysis, regardless of age and sex, a decrease in functional independence, an increase in depressive symptoms, an increase in the number of self-reported illnesses, and an increase in the frailty score were observed. CONCLUSION: The factors that were associated with the increase in frailty of the elderly during the study period were age, female sex, and no partner. The health team, which includes nurses, shall be aware of changes and develop care plans to prevent or avoid their progression.

Topographic characterization and in vitro biofilm adhesion to titanium and polypropylene membranes used for alveolar preservation.

BACKGROUND: Nonresorbable membranes have been widely used in guided bone regeneration (GBR) procedures in posttooth extraction alveoli. In this context, one of the properties suggested by the GBR technique is that these barriers, when exposed to the oral environment, control or prevent the infiltration of connective and epithelial tissue cells, favoring the proliferation of bone cells inside the alveolus, without the growth of biofilm. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This in vitro study evaluated the topographic characteristics and in vitro biofilm adhesion on membranes used for alveolar preservation, bone Heal™ and Titanium Seal™. Fragments of these membranes (5 mm × 5 mm) were used for all experiments. The topographical morphology and chemical characterization of the membranes were analyzed by scanning electron microscope and dispersive energy X-ray spectroscopy, respectively. For the in vitro biofilm adhesion assay, samples were immersed in Candida albicans (American Type Culture Collection [ATCC] 10231) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) mixed biofilm for 7 and 14 days. Biofilm formation was measured by quantitative analysis with crystal violet aqueous solution, in a spectrophotometer, with a wavelength of 590 nm. RESULTS: The ultrastructural images showed a rough surface for the titanium membrane, without homogeneity in the surface structure, while the polypropylene membrane presented a smoother surface without depressions. The chemical composition of the membranes by Ehlers-Danlos syndrome has identified the presence of copolymer and traces of zinc for the polypropylene membrane; in contrast, the titanium membrane revealed the unique presence of titanium. In addition, there was a decrease in biofilm formation on the surface of the titanium membrane compared to polypropylene (P < 0.05), at both evaluated times. CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that despite the greater heterogeneity of the titanium membrane surface, the results showed less biofilm formation on this membrane (P < 0.05), which may be indicated in cases of oral cavity exposure.

Yield, income and bromatology of Chinês and Macaquinho taro in response to forms of adding chicken manure to the soil / Produtividade, renda e bromatologia dos taros Chinês e Macaquinho em resposta a formas de adição ao solo da cama-de-frango

Yield of Taro is very variable by the unknowing of its genotype characteristics and by differences of planting practices, mainly about the use of organic residues as covering or incorporated to the soil. The aim of this work was to analyze the productivity, gross income and bromatological composition of Chinês and Macaquinho taro, cultivated with different forms of adding semi-decomposed chicken manure to the soil (soil without chicken manure; with chicken manure as covering; with chicken manure incorporated to the soil and with chicken manure as covering + incorporated to the soil). Treatments were arranged in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme in a randomized complete block design with five replications. Two harvests were performed at 183 and 211 days after transplanting. There was no difference for most of the characteristics evaluated under addiction of chicken manure. Yields of commercial cormels from Macaquinho were higher than Chinês, which can be seen as positive feature for higher gross income. Plants of Macaquinho taro were precocious and more productive than Chinês taro. To obtain higher gross income, Macaquinho taro must be cultivated with adding chicken manure to the soil as covering (5 t ha-1) + incorporated to the soil (5 t ha-1) and harvested 183 days after planting. Bromatological analysis showed that corms and cormels of Chinês taro were more nutritious than

A produtividade do taro é muito variável pelo desconhecimento das características genotípicas e pelas diferenças nas práticas de plantio, principalmente sobre o uso de resíduos orgânicos a serem utilizados como cobertura morta ou incorporados ao solo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a produtividade, a renda bruta e a composição bromatológica dos taros Chinês e Macaquinho, cultivados com diferentes formas de adição ao solo de cama-de-frango semi-decomposta (solo sem cama-de-frango; com camade- frango em cobertura; com cama-de-frango incorporada e com cama-de-frango em cobertura + incorporada). Os tratamentos foram arranjados em esquema fatorial 2 x 4, no delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com cinco repetições. Visando conhecer melhor o comportamento dos clones optou-se por efetuar colheitas aos 183 e aos 211 dias após o plantio. Não houve diferença para maioria das características em função da adição da cama-de-frango. O clone Macaquinho foi superior ao Chinês para produção de rizomas-filho comerciais sendo esse ponto favorável para uma maior renda bruta. As plantas do taro Macaquinho foram precoces e mais produtivas que as do Chinês. Para obter maior renda bruta deve-se cultivar o taro Macaquinho com adição ao solo de cama-de-frango em cobertura (5 t ha-1) + incorporada (5 t ha-1) e realizar a colheita aos 183 dias após o plantio. Pela análise bromatol

Yield, income and bromatology of Chinês and Macaquinho taro in response to forms of adding chicken manure to the soil / Produtividade, renda e bromatologia dos taros Chinês e Macaquinho em resposta a formas de adição ao solo da cama-de-frango

Yield of Taro is very variable by the unknowing of its genotype characteristics and by differences of planting practices, mainly about the use of organic residues as covering or incorporated to the soil. The aim of this work was to analyze the productivity, gross income and bromatological composition of Chinês and Macaquinho taro, cultivated with different forms of adding semi-decomposed chicken manure to the soil (soil without chicken manure; with chicken manure as covering; with chicken manure incorporated to the soil and with chicken manure as covering + incorporated to the soil). Treatments were arranged in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme in a randomized complete block design with five replications. Two harvests were performed at 183 and 211 days after transplanting. There was no difference for most of the characteristics evaluated under addiction of chicken manure. Yields of commercial cormels from Macaquinho were higher than Chinês, which can be seen as positive feature for higher gross income. Plants of Macaquinho taro were precocious and more productive than Chinês taro. To obtain higher gross income, Macaquinho taro must be cultivated with adding chicken manure to the soil as covering (5 t ha-1) + incorporated to the soil (5 t ha-1) and harvested 183 days after planting. Bromatological analysis showed that corms and cormels of Chinês taro were more nutritious than

A produtividade do taro é muito variável pelo desconhecimento das características genotípicas e pelas diferenças nas práticas de plantio, principalmente sobre o uso de resíduos orgânicos a serem utilizados como cobertura morta ou incorporados ao solo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a produtividade, a renda bruta e a composição bromatológica dos taros Chinês e Macaquinho, cultivados com diferentes formas de adição ao solo de cama-de-frango semi-decomposta (solo sem cama-de-frango; com camade- frango em cobertura; com cama-de-frango incorporada e com cama-de-frango em cobertura + incorporada). Os tratamentos foram arranjados em esquema fatorial 2 x 4, no delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com cinco repetições. Visando conhecer melhor o comportamento dos clones optou-se por efetuar colheitas aos 183 e aos 211 dias após o plantio. Não houve diferença para maioria das características em função da adição da cama-de-frango. O clone Macaquinho foi superior ao Chinês para produção de rizomas-filho comerciais sendo esse ponto favorável para uma maior renda bruta. As plantas do taro Macaquinho foram precoces e mais produtivas que as do Chinês. Para obter maior renda bruta deve-se cultivar o taro Macaquinho com adição ao solo de cama-de-frango em cobertura (5 t ha-1) + incorporada (5 t ha-1) e realizar a colheita aos 183 dias após o plantio. Pela análise bromatol

Doses of chicken manure and planting density on yield of Amarela de Carandaí peruvian carrot / Doses de cama-de-frango e densidade de plantio na produção de mandioquinha-salsa Amarela de Carandaí

The aim was to study the plant density and the dose of chicken manure that induce higher productivity of fresh roots of peruvian carrot. The work was carried out in Dourados-MS, between March, 2007, and January, 2008, in a Distroferric Red Latossol, with a very clayey texture. The cultivation was done in soil covered with chicken manure DF (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 t ha-1) and with two (2F) or three (3F rows) of plants per plot (60 e 33,3 cm rows per plot) which resulted in 66,000 and 99,000 plants ha-1. Those ten treatments were arranged as a 5 x 2 factorial scheme in randomized block experimental design, with four replications. Harvests were done on 210 and 248 days after planting (DAP), when plants showed more than 50% and 70% of leaf senescence, respectively. On 248 DAP, plant height showed linear growth as a function of CF doses, and the highest value was 24.20 cm under 20 t ha-1 of CF. Fresh mass of leaves, crowns and shoots were influenced significantly by CF doses. The greatest yield, regarding to number of rows, were obtained with 3F on both two harvests. On 228 DAP, the greatest yield of commercial roots was 14.00 t ha-1 with 20 t ha-1 of CF. Fresh mass of non-commercial roots on 210 DAP was influenced significantly by chicken manure doses and number of rows per plot interaction, and showed quadratic growth with different rates. The greatest yield of commercial roots was

O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar a densidade de plantas e a dose de cama-de-frango que induzam maior produtividade de massas frescas de raízes de mandioquinha-salsa. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em Dourados-MS, entre março de 2007 e janeiro de 2008, em Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico, de textura muito argilosa. O cultivo foi feito em solo coberto com cama-de-frango-CF (0, 5, 10, 15 e 20 t ha-1) e sob duas (2F) ou três fileiras (3F) de plantas no canteiro (60 e 33,3 cm entre fileiras no canteiro) resultando em 66.000 e 99.000 plantas ha-1. Os dez tratamentos foram arranjados como fatorial 5 x 2, em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Foram realizadas colheitas aos 210 e 248 dias após o plantio (DAP), quando as plantas apresentavam mais de 50% e de 70% de senescência foliar, respectivamente. Aos 248 DAP, a altura das plantas apresentou crescimento linear em função das doses de CF, sendo o maior valor 24,20 cm, sob 20 t ha-1 de CF. A produção de massa fresca de folhas, coroas e rebentos foi influenciada significativamente pelas doses de CF. As maiores produções, quanto ao número de fileiras, foram obtidas com 3F, nas duas colheitas. Aos 248 DAP, a maior produção de raízes comerciais foi de 14,00 t ha-1, com o uso de 20 t ha-1 de CF. A produção de massa fresca de raiz não-comercial, aos 210 DAP foi influenciada significativamente pela interação doses de cama-de-frango

Doses of chicken manure and planting density on yield of Amarela de Carandaí peruvian carrot / Doses de cama-de-frango e densidade de plantio na produção de mandioquinha-salsa Amarela de Carandaí

The aim was to study the plant density and the dose of chicken manure that induce higher productivity of fresh roots of peruvian carrot. The work was carried out in Dourados-MS, between March, 2007, and January, 2008, in a Distroferric Red Latossol, with a very clayey texture. The cultivation was done in soil covered with chicken manure DF (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 t ha-1) and with two (2F) or three (3F rows) of plants per plot (60 e 33,3 cm rows per plot) which resulted in 66,000 and 99,000 plants ha-1. Those ten treatments were arranged as a 5 x 2 factorial scheme in randomized block experimental design, with four replications. Harvests were done on 210 and 248 days after planting (DAP), when plants showed more than 50% and 70% of leaf senescence, respectively. On 248 DAP, plant height showed linear growth as a function of CF doses, and the highest value was 24.20 cm under 20 t ha-1 of CF. Fresh mass of leaves, crowns and shoots were influenced significantly by CF doses. The greatest yield, regarding to number of rows, were obtained with 3F on both two harvests. On 228 DAP, the greatest yield of commercial roots was 14.00 t ha-1 with 20 t ha-1 of CF. Fresh mass of non-commercial roots on 210 DAP was influenced significantly by chicken manure doses and number of rows per plot interaction, and showed quadratic growth with different rates. The greatest yield of commercial roots was

O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar a densidade de plantas e a dose de cama-de-frango que induzam maior produtividade de massas frescas de raízes de mandioquinha-salsa. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em Dourados-MS, entre março de 2007 e janeiro de 2008, em Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico, de textura muito argilosa. O cultivo foi feito em solo coberto com cama-de-frango-CF (0, 5, 10, 15 e 20 t ha-1) e sob duas (2F) ou três fileiras (3F) de plantas no canteiro (60 e 33,3 cm entre fileiras no canteiro) resultando em 66.000 e 99.000 plantas ha-1. Os dez tratamentos foram arranjados como fatorial 5 x 2, em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Foram realizadas colheitas aos 210 e 248 dias após o plantio (DAP), quando as plantas apresentavam mais de 50% e de 70% de senescência foliar, respectivamente. Aos 248 DAP, a altura das plantas apresentou crescimento linear em função das doses de CF, sendo o maior valor 24,20 cm, sob 20 t ha-1 de CF. A produção de massa fresca de folhas, coroas e rebentos foi influenciada significativamente pelas doses de CF. As maiores produções, quanto ao número de fileiras, foram obtidas com 3F, nas duas colheitas. Aos 248 DAP, a maior produção de raízes comerciais foi de 14,00 t ha-1, com o uso de 20 t ha-1 de CF. A produção de massa fresca de raiz não-comercial, aos 210 DAP foi influenciada significativamente pela interação doses de cama-de-frango