A dataset for benchmarking Neotropical anuran calls identification in passive acoustic monitoring.

Global change is predicted to induce shifts in anuran acoustic behavior, which can be studied through passive acoustic monitoring (PAM). Understanding changes in calling behavior requires automatic identification of anuran species, which is challenging due to the particular characteristics of neotropical soundscapes. In this paper, we introduce a large-scale multi-species dataset of anuran amphibians calls recorded by PAM, that comprises 27 hours of expert annotations for 42 different species from two Brazilian biomes. We provide open access to the dataset, including the raw recordings, experimental setup code, and a benchmark with a baseline model of the fine-grained categorization problem. Additionally, we highlight the challenges of the dataset to encourage machine learning researchers to solve the problem of anuran call identification towards conservation policy. All our experiments and resources have been made available at https://soundclim.github.io/anuraweb/ .

Oral health in visually impaired patients: a literature review. / [Salud bucal en la población con discapacidad visual: revisión de literatura.]

Introduction: Even though oral diseases are highly prevalent in people with visual impairment (VI) and this population faces access barriers to dental services and is exposed to risk factors that increase their vulnerability, the existing literature on oral health in this population is scarce. Objective: To conduct a literature review in order to describe studies on oral health in persons with VI and provide health care professionals who treat and educate these patients with relevant information. Methods: This is a literature review with a descriptive approach. A total of 26 original articles were included. The selected studies were published in the last six years (2014-March 2020) in English, Portuguese, and Spanish. The search was conducted in the Virtual Health Library, SciELO, PubMed, Scopus, and Clinical Key databases. Keywords combined with Boolean operators "AND" and "OR" were used. Results: Few studies address the use of dental services by people with VI. There is evidence of poor levels of knowledge on oral health and related practices, which increases vulnerability to risk factors for developing diseases compared to the general population. Caries and periodontal disease are reported as the most prevalent oral diseases. Health promotion and education intervention should involve parents, caregivers, and guardians to increase the success rate. Conclusions: People with VI may develop oral diseases easily; therefore, they require dental care and health promotion interventions adapted to their needs.

Introducción: la literatura publicada relacionada con la salud bucal de las personas con discapacidad visual (DV) es escasa, esta población presenta barreras para el acceso a servicios odontológicos, tiene alta prevalencia de enfermedades bucodentales y está expuesta a factores de riesgo que aumentan su vulnerabilidad. Objetivo: realizar una revisión de la literatura científica para describir los estudios que abordan la salud bucal en personas con DV que sirva como insumo a los profesionales de la salud que atienden y educan a esta población. Métodos: revisión bibliográfica con enfoque descriptivo, se incluyeron 26 artículos originales. Los estudiosseleccionados fueron publicados en los últimos seis años (2014-2020 marzo) en inglés, portugués y español. Las bases de datos usadas fueron Biblioteca Virtual en Salud, SciELO, PubMed, Scopus y Clinical Key. Se usaron palabras clave combinadas con operadores booleanos "AND" y "OR". Resultados: existen pocos estudios sobre la asistencia de las personas con DV a los servicios odontológicos. Se evidencian deficientes niveles de conocimientos y prácticas en salud bucal, lo que aumenta la vulnerabilidad frente a factores de riesgo para adquirir patologías en comparación con la población en general. La caries y enfermedad periodontal se reportan como las patologías bucales más prevalentes. En las intervenciones en promoción y educación para la salud se recomienda involucrar a padres, cuidadores y tutores para aumentar la tasa de éxito. Conclusiones: las personas con DV adquieren con facilidad patologías bucales, por lo tanto requieren atención odontológica e intervenciones de promoción de la salud adaptadas a sus necesidades.

Novel Feature-Extraction Methods for the Estimation of Above-Ground Biomass in Rice Crops.

Traditional methods to measure spatio-temporal variations in above-ground biomass dynamics (AGBD) predominantly rely on the extraction of several vegetation-index features highly associated with AGBD variations through the phenological crop cycle. This work presents a comprehensive comparison between two different approaches for feature extraction for non-destructive biomass estimation using aerial multispectral imagery. The first method is called GFKuts, an approach that optimally labels the plot canopy based on a Gaussian mixture model, a Montecarlo-based K-means, and a guided image filtering for the extraction of canopy vegetation indices associated with biomass yield. The second method is based on a Graph-Based Data Fusion (GBF) approach that does not depend on calculating vegetation-index image reflectances. Both methods are experimentally tested and compared through rice growth stages: vegetative, reproductive, and ripening. Biomass estimation correlations are calculated and compared against an assembled ground-truth biomass measurements taken by destructive sampling. The proposed GBF-Sm-Bs approach outperformed competing methods by obtaining biomass estimation correlation of 0.995 with R2=0.991 and RMSE=45.358 g. This result increases the precision in the biomass estimation by around 62.43% compared to previous works.

Quiste de duplicación gástrica en el adulto. Reporte de un caso y revisión de la bibliografía / Cyst of gastric duplication in adults. Case report and review of the bibliography

RESUMEN Las duplicaciones del tracto gastrointestinal son malformaciones congénitas poco frecuentes que pueden afectar cualquier segmento del tubo digestivo. Suelen presentarse en los primeros dos años de vida con síntomas de pobre ganancia de peso y masa abdominal palpable o pueden ser asintomáticos hasta la adultez. Reportamos el caso de un paciente masculino de 37 años que fue evaluado por epigastralgia y antecedente de hemorragia digestiva superior. La endoscopia alta reveló lesión subepitelial en fundus gástrico ulcerada con sospecha diagnóstica de tumor del estroma gastrointestinal (GIST). El ultrasonido endoscópico confirmó masa gástrica con focos de necrosis y calcificación, compatible con tumor estromal tipo GIST. Se realizó resección gástrica distal en cuña sin complicaciones. El informe de patología señaló duplicación gástrica.

ABSTRACT Gastrointestinal tract duplications are rare congenital malformations that can affect any segment of the digestive tract. They usually occur in the first two years of life with symptoms of poor weight gain and palpable abdominal mass or may be asymptomatic until adulthood. We report the case of a 37-year-old male patient who was evaluated for epigastralgia and a history of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. High endoscopy revealed ulcerated subepithelial lesion in gastric fundus with diagnostic suspicion of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). Endoscopic ultrasound confirmed gastric mass with foci of necrosis and calcification, compatible with stromal tumor type GIST. Distal gastric resection was performed in wedge without complications. The pathology report noted gastric duplication.

[Cyst of gastric duplication in adults. Case report and review of the bibliography]. / Quiste de duplicación gástrica en el adulto. Reporte de un caso y revisión de la bibliografía.

Gastrointestinal tract duplications are rare congenital malformations that can affect any segment of the digestive tract. They usually occur in the first two years of life with symptoms of poor weight gain and palpable abdominal mass or may be asymptomatic until adulthood. We report the case of a 37-year-old male patient who was evaluated for epigastralgia and a history of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. High endoscopy revealed ulcerated subepithelial lesion in gastric fundus with diagnostic suspicion of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). Endoscopic ultrasound confirmed gastric mass with foci of necrosis and calcification, compatible with stromal tumor type GIST. Distal gastric resection was performed in wedge without complications. The pathology report noted gastric duplication.

Screening for intestinal parasites in adults from three different regions of Colombia / Tamizaje de parásitos intestinales en adultos de tres regiones de Colombia

Intestinal parasitosis (IP) is a public health problem in developing countries affecting one fourth of the global population. IP are common studied in children, ne glecting the adults that are also at high risk and source of transmission. A screening study was performed with a convenience sample in three Colombian regions: Guachené (Cauca), Quibdó (Chocó), and Urabá (Antioquia). Feces samples from 284 volunteers (older than 18 years old) were tested by microscopy to identify para site ova and cysts. The IP frequency was 14.5%, and 52.1% were males. 63.2% of the parasitized patients exhibited diarrhea, and/or abdominal pain with significant association. 39.5% had single parasitic infection and 60.5% had multiple parasites: Blastocystis hominis (63.9%), Entamoeba hystolitica/dispar (39.4%), Endolimax nana (33.3%), Ascaris lumbricoides (22.2%), Giardia lamblia (19.4%), Entamoeba coli (13.9%), Trichuris trichiura (11.1%), hookworm species (11.1%), Strongyloides stercolaris (5.6%), and Iodamoeba butschlii (2.8%). A multivariate approach was used to determine predictor factors for IP: male gender, rainwater as drinking sour ce, and feces disposal different to toilet, latrine or septic tank were positively associated with infection. This study evidences that adult population, not only children from vulnerable areas of Colombia, must have to include as a risk for intestinal parasitism.

La parasitosis intestinal (PI) es un problema de salud pública en países en desarrollo que afecta un cuarto de la población mundial. Las PI son comúnmente estudia das en niños, olvidando que los adultos están también en riesgo y a su vez pueden ser fuentes de transmisión. Se realizó un estudio de tamizaje con una muestra escogida por conveniencia en tres regiones de Colombia: Guachené (Cauca), Quibdó (Chocó) y Urabá (Antioquia). Las muestras de materia fecal de 284 voluntarios mayores de 18 años, fueron estudiadas por microscopía para identificar parásitos, huevos y quistes. La frecuencia de las PI fue del 14.5%, 52.1% de los positivos fueron hombres. 63.2% de los individuos parasitados tenían asociación significativa con diarrea, y/o dolor abdominal. 39.5% tuvieron infección por un solo parásito y 60.5% fueron positivos para varios parásitos: Blastocystis hominis (63.9%), Entamoeba hystolitica/dispar (39.4%), Endolimax nana (33.3%), Ascaris lumbricoides (22.2%), Giardia lamblia (19.4%), Entamoeba coli (13.9%), Trichuris trichiura (11.1%), Strongyloides stercolaris (5.6%), y Iodamoeba butschlii (2.8%). Se realizó un aná lisis multivariado para determinar factores predictores para PI: el género masculino, el agua lluvia para consumo, y la disposición de excretas diferente a sanitario, letrina o pozo séptico, están asociados positivamente a la PI. Este estudio evidencia que la población adulta, no solo la infantil, residentes en áreas vulnerables de Colombia, deben incluirse como población de riesgo al parasitismo intestinal.

Cambios en el IMC posterior a gastrectomía vertical en un grupo de pacientes de una clínica de la ciudad de Medellín, 2016-2018 / Changes in the Body Mass Index After Vertical Gastrectomy in a Group of Patients of a Clinic in the City of Medellín, 2016-2018

Resumen Antecedentes: la OMS define la obesidad como un depósito excesivo de grasa que puede ser lesivo para la salud con un gran impacto social. En las últimas dos décadas, se ha incrementado la realización de las cirugías bariátricas como una alternativa para reducir el exceso de peso y grasa corporal, entre las que se destaca la gastrectomía vertical. Objetivo: describir el cambio en el IMC, hábitos alimentarios y actividad física en un grupo de pacientes sometidos a la cirugía de gastrectomía vertical en una clínica de la ciudad de Medellín, entre 2016-2018. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo retrospectivo, en el cual se revisaron historias clínicas de 49 pacientes, 13 hombres y 36 mujeres, sometidos a gastrectomía vertical en una clínica privada de la ciudad de Medellín. Resultados: los pacientes iniciaron con un promedio de IMC de 34,2 kg/m2 y al año posoperatorio descendieron a uno de 24,4 kg/m2 (p=0,00); también hubo una tendencia de mejoría en los hábitos alimentarios, como comer entre comidas y no consumir dulces ni gaseosas. Conclusiones: la cirugía de gastrectomía vertical muestra ser una técnica apropiada para el descenso del IMC, al menos en el primer año de ser realizada.

Abstract Background: The WHO defines obesity as an excess deposit of fat that can be harmful to health with a great social impact. In the last two decades, bariatric surgery has increased as an alternative to reduce excess weight and body fat, of which we highlight the vertical gastrectomy. Objective: To describe the change in Body Mass Index, dietary behaviors, and physical activity in a group of patients undergoing vertical Gastrectomy surgery in a clinic in Medellin, Colombia between 2016-2018. Materials and Methods: Retrospective descriptive study, in which medical records were reviewed in 49 patients, 13 men and 36 women, who underwent vertical gastrectomy in a private clinic in Medellin. Results: Patients started with an average BMI of 34.2 kg/m2 and one year post-surgery they descended to an average BMI of 24.4 kg/m2 (p=0.00); also, an improvement in eating habits such as eating between meals, and less consumption of sweets and soft drinks was found. Conclusions: Vertical Gastrectomy surgery proves to be an appropriate technique for decreasing BMI, at least in the first year post-operative.

Predicting the Quality of Fused Long Wave Infrared and Visible Light Images.

The capability to automatically evaluate the quality of long wave infrared (LWIR) and visible light images has the potential to play an important role in determining and controlling the quality of a resulting fused LWIR-visible light image. Extensive work has been conducted on studying the statistics of natural LWIR and visible images. Nonetheless, there has been little work done on analyzing the statistics of fused LWIR and visible images and associated distortions. In this paper, we analyze five multi-resolution-based image fusion methods in regards to several common distortions, including blur, white noise, JPEG compression, and non-uniformity. We study the natural scene statistics of fused images and how they are affected by these kinds of distortions. Furthermore, we conducted a human study on the subjective quality of pristine and degraded fused LWIR-visible images. We used this new database to create an automatic opinion-distortion-unaware fused image quality model and analyzer algorithm. In the human study, 27 subjects evaluated 750 images over five sessions each. We also propose an opinion-aware fused image quality analyzer, whose relative predictions with respect to other state-of-the-art models correlate better with human perceptual evaluations than competing methods. An implementation of the proposed fused image quality measures can be found at https://github.com/ujemd/NSS-of-LWIR-and-Vissible-Images. Also, the new database can be found at http://bit.ly/2noZlbQ.

Detection of Salmonella human carriers in Colombian outbreak areas.

INTRODUCTION: Salmonellosis, a zoonotic and foodborne disease, is a public health problem in developing countries. With the aim of identifying human carriers of Salmonella, a survey was performed in five regions of Colombia with reported salmonellosis outbreaks. METHODOLOGY: The general population and cholecystectomy surgical patients were included in this study. Stool samples from 667 volunteers and gallbladder bile samples from 199 surgical patients were examined. Detection of Salmonella from cultured stool and bile samples was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Multiplex PCR and biochemical and serological tests were performed to identify the serovars of the isolates. RESULTS: Nine (1.35%) stool samples were positive for Salmonella: two S. Newport, two S. Anatum, one S. Sinstorf, and four Salmonella spp. A total of 11 gallbladder bile samples were positive: S. Enteritidis was isolated from 3 bile cultures (1.5%), and 8 samples (4%) were positive for Salmonella spp. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show the presence of Salmonella carriers in the inhabitants of regions with reported outbreaks and suggest that these carriers are potential sources of infection in endemic and epidemic cases. Carriers also suggest Salmonella zoonotic transmission, since broiler and beef cattle are hosts to the Salmonella serotypes isolated. It is important to establish the source of infection in regions where salmonellosis is endemic in order to control transmission.

Gallbladder microbiota variability in Colombian gallstones patients.

INTRODUCTION: Gallbladder stones are a very frequently occurring condition. Despite bile bactericidal activity, many bacteria have been detected inside the gallbladder, and gallstones facilitate their presence. Between 3% and 5% of the patients with Salmonella spp. infection develop the carrier stage, with the bacteria persisting inside the gallbladder, shedding bacteria in their feces without signs of infection. The aim of this study was to isolate bacteria from Colombian patients with gallstones, using standard culturing methods, and to identify Salmonella spp. carriers by molecular techniques. METHODOLOGY: A total of 149 patients (120 female and 29 male) diagnosed with gallstones who underwent cholecystectomy and who did not have symptoms of acute inflammation were included. Gallbladder tissue and bile were cultured and used for DNA extraction and Salmonella spp. hilA gene detection. RESULTS: Of the 149 patients 28 (19%) had positive cultures. Twenty-one (75%) patients with positive cultures were from Medellin's metropolitan area. In this geographical location, the most frequent isolations were Pseudomonas spp. (38%), Klebsiella spp. (23%), and Proteus spp. (9%) in addition to unique cases of other bacteria. In Apartado, the isolates found were Enterobacter cloacae (50%), Raoultella terrigena (32%), and both Enterobacter cloacae and Raoultella terrigena were isolated in one (18%) male patient. Five (3.3%) of the 149 patients had positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results for the hilA gene of Salmonella spp., all of whom were female and residents of the Medellín metropolitan area. CONCLUSIONS: The gallbladder microbiota variability found could be related to geographical, ethnic, and environmental conditions.

Detección de serotipos de salmonella entérica de origen animal en habitantes de cuatro regiones de colombia

Salmonella enterica es un patógeno involucrado en enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos y animales. El tracto gastrointestinal de los animales sacrificados para consumo, como vacas, cerdos, pollos, entre otros, es fuente de contaminación de los productos derivados, constituyendo una de las principales fuentes de infección por Salmonella en humanos (1). Los humanos pueden desarrollar cuadros clínicos que varíandesde gastroenteritis hasta bacteremia y sepsis, y después del cuadro clínico gastrointestinal pueden permanecer como portadores asintomáticos.

Síndrome de Peutz - Jeghers. Seguimiento de una familia / Syndrome of Peutz - Jeghers. Follow to family

El síndrome Peutz - Jeghers es una enfermedad con pólipos del colon con un patrón autosómico dominante, su tipo histológico es hamartomatoso y aunque es muy rara la transformación maligna, se ha postulado una secuencia hamartoma - carcinoma. Este artículo describe el seguimiento de un caso índice y su familia.

Hernias paraesofágicas: corrección laparoscópica / Paraesophageal hernia: laparoscopic repair

La hernia paraesofágica es una patología poco frecuente, para lo cual siempre está indicado el manejo quirúrgico, aun en pacientes asintomáticos, debido al potencial de desarrollar complicaciones que cursan con una alta morbilidad y mortalidad. En este estudio se informa nuestra experiencia con la corrección laparoscópica de hernias paraesofáficas, incluyendo la evaluación pre y postoperatoria temprana y tardía; además se realiza una descripción de la técnica quirúrgica. Se practicaron 26 correcciones laparsocopicas de hernias paraesofáficas, complementándoles siempre con alguna técnica antirreflujo. No hubo conversión a técnica abierta; se presentaron dos complicaciones intraoperatorias 7.5/100 y una tardía 3.75/100; no hubo mortalidad en esta serie. Sólo en un caso se produjo recurrencia de la hernia. El seguimiento promedio fue de 20 meses; en 100/100 de los pacientes se realizó esofagograma en los 2 y 6 meses. todos presentaron mejoría de los síntomas. Concluímos que este procedimieto, aunque técnicamente de mayor complejidad, presenta ventajas sobre la técnica abierta, tales como disminución de la morbimortalidad y de la estancia hospitalaria. Los resultados a corto y mediano plazo son buenos, pero se necesita un estudio con seguimiento a largo plazo.

El caso de infecciosas: paragonimiasis pulmonar: presentacion de un caso / The case of infectious diseases: pulmonary paragonimiasis: a case report

Se presenta el caso de un hombre de 21 años, natural de Chigorodó, residente en Andes (Antioquia), soldado, que consultó al Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe con historia de 20 días de evolución de fiebre subjetiva de predominio nocturno, asociada a escalofríos y diaforesis, disnea progresiva y tos seca; los antecedentes personales mostraron ingesta de crustáceos crudos. El diagnóstico de Paragonimiasis fue hecho por biopsia y confirmado en el Instituto de Patología de las Fuerzas Armadas de Estados Unidos, en Washington. El paciente recibió tratamiento con praziquantel y fue dado de alta en buenas condiciones.