RESUMO
The concentrations of protein and creatinine were measured in urine samples from 74 healthy domestic pet rabbits, 54 of them seronegative to Encephalitozoon cuniculi and 20 seropositive. The calculated reference range for the urinary protein:creatinine ratio (UPC) of E cuniculi-seronegative rabbits was 0.11 to 0.40. There was no significant variation in the UPC due to the bodyweight, breed, sex, neutered status or husbandry of the rabbits. Seroconversion to E cuniculi was not found to be associated with clinical renal disease because none of the seropositive rabbits had azotaemia or proteinuria.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antifúngicos/sangue , Creatina/urina , Encephalitozoon cuniculi/imunologia , Encefalitozoonose/veterinária , Proteinúria/veterinária , Coelhos/sangue , Coelhos/urina , Animais , Encefalitozoonose/sangue , Encefalitozoonose/urina , Feminino , Imunofluorescência/veterinária , Masculino , Proteinúria/diagnóstico , Proteinúria/urina , Valores de Referência , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Manejo de Espécimes/métodos , Manejo de Espécimes/veterinária , Reino Unido , Urinálise/métodos , Urinálise/veterináriaRESUMO
Modern imaging techniques like computer tomography (CT) and nuclear magnetic resonance (MR) imaging have become essential in clinical diagnostics and also in teaching gross anatomy to medical students. As a consequence, special classes in (cross)-sectional anatomy are being added to the curriculum in many anatomical institutions. Since institutional budgets often do not allow extensive supervision beyond the very limited time frame of traditional courses in gross anatomy, a computer-based hypermedia tutorial (HyperMed) was created and integrated into the teaching program of the Institute of Anatomy at Essen University. HyperMed offers two components, one for authors (e.g. teachers who can customize the contents of the program) and a second for users (e.g. students). In the present version, digital cross-sectional human images have been edited. The relevant anatomical structures in these images have been marked, named, and linked to additional information and figures (in particular schematic figures and CT images). Users can obtain information at different levels: (1) index-based retrieval, (2) navigational retrieval (on inspecting cross-sectional images the user is asked to identify structures) and (3) a history list enabling users to go back to any previous point of navigation. HyperMed was first tested in the winter terms 1995/1996 and 1996/1997 during classes on cross-sectional anatomy which are a supplement to the traditional dissection course of the Institute of Anatomy, University Essen. It was well received by the students who found it a helpful adjunct to learning cross-sectional anatomy.
