[Caries prevention with fluoride varnishes among preschool children]. / Kariesprophylaxe mit Fluoridlacken bei Vorschulkindern.

AIM: The aim of the study was to assess the caries inhibition effect of fluoride varnishes among preschool children with high caries risk. At the same time, the suitability of this measure should be examined in the frame of group prevention programmes in kindergartens. METHOD: This was an examiner-blind, clinically controlled 2-year study with 200 randomly selected 2- to 4-year-old preschool children with high caries risk. At the baseline, caries-free surfaces, initial caries lesions as well as the caries status (dmfs) were recorded. After the baseline, all subjects were divided into 3 groups. Subjects of group A received every 6 months (altogether four times) applications with the fluoride varnish Fluoridin N5 (VOCO GmbH, Cuxhaven, Germany), children of the group B received every 6 months (altogether four times) applications with Duraphat (Colgate Palmolive GmbH, Hamburg, Germany), while the subjects of group C did not receive any fluoride varnish applications and constituted the control group. A final examination was performed after two years similar to the baseline. Statistical analysis was based on the SPSS programme at a significance level of 95%. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The results confirmed the caries inhibition efficacy of both fluoride varnishes. This is shown as well in the almost constant number of caries-free surfaces and initial caries lesions in the two F-groups during the observation period. The caries-free surfaces in group C were significantly reduced along with an increase of initial caries lesions. The caries reduction, based on the control group, amounted in group A to 56% and in group B to 57%. The results documented the caries inhibition effect of both fluoride varnishes which are suitable for intensive group prevention programmes for pre-school children.

[Lead concentration in permanent teeth of the population of Erfurt and its surroundings]. / Bleikonzentration in permanenten Zähnen der Bevölkerung Erfurts und seiner Umgebung.

In this study 1616 permanent teeth were collected from 1466 stomatological patients, which are living in Erfurt and surroundings. The lead levels were investigated by flame-AAS. Comparisons were need with following parameters: sex, age, living area, vitality of teeth, smoking, caries and filling of teeth. Mean lead level from investigated teeth was 13.2 microgram Pb/g tooth by mean patients-age of 38 years. The results showed that there have not been significant differences between sex and investigated areas of Erfurt and surroundings. Low influence on lead levels in teeth were found in groups when were investigated following parameters: vitality, smoking, caries, filling of teeth. High influence on tooth lead level was connected with the age of patient that is time of exposition. We found as raising factor on 3% tooth lead level per year. It was also found that incisors pick up more lead than molars and premolars, and molars more than premolars. These differences would be depend of food and respiratory air. The general result of this investigations about the consequence of tooth lead levels by the inhabitants of Erfurt point out that there is no danger of chronic lead intoxication by adults.