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2.
Neurología (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 32(7): 431-439, sept. 2017. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-166247

RESUMO

Introducción: El trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) es un trastorno neuropsiquiátrico de origen multifactorial. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar el porcentaje de pacientes que presentan TDAH del global de los enviados a la consulta por este motivo, y explorar los factores epidemiológicos y clínicos asociados al diagnóstico. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo analítico de una muestra de pacientes derivados a la consulta de neuropediatría por sospecha de TDAH, a la que se le aplican los criterios diagnósticos del DSM-IV. Se realiza un análisis de regresión logística para explorar los factores asociados al diagnóstico. Resultados: De los 280 pacientes, 224 eran varones (relación niños/niñas 4/1) con una edad media ± desviación estándar de 8,4±3,08 años. El 49% fue remitido desde el ámbito escolar. El 64,9% de ellos nacieron en el segundo semestre del año, fenómeno que es más acusado en las mujeres. Tras la evaluación de los sujetos, un total de 139 casos fueron diagnosticados (49,7%). Los factores asociados a un incremento de diagnósticos de TDAH fueron: el sexo varón, el TDAH parental, trastornos del sueño asociados, la presencia de tics y la ausencia de retraso del desarrollo psicomotor. Conclusiones: Solo la mitad de los niños enviados con sospecha de TDAH fueron diagnosticados del trastorno. La mayoría se encuentra entre los más jóvenes del curso escolar, sugiriendo una sobreestimación de la sospecha. Una entrevista clínica donde se explore la psicopatología parental, los trastornos del sueño y los tics parece necesaria para mejorar el proceso diagnóstico (AU)


Introduction: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder originating from multiple factors. The aim of this study is to determine the percentage of patients with ADHD out of all patients referred to our clinic for assessment, and to explore the epidemiological and clinical factors linked to this diagnosis. Patients and methods: retrospective analytical study of a sample of patients under 15 years old sent to the paediatric neurology clinic for suspected ADHD. DSM-IV criteria were used for diagnosis. We completed a binary logistic regression analysis to determine which risk factors were associated with the diagnosis. Results: Of the 280 selected patients, 224 were male (male/female ratio 4:1); mean age (SD) was 8.4 (3.08) years. Almost half (49%) of the patients were referred by their schools and 64.9% were born in the second half of the year, but this tendency was more marked in girls than in boys. Assessment according to DSM-IV criteria resulted in diagnosis of 139 subjects (49.7%). The risk factors linked to diagnosis were male sex, parents with ADHD, associated sleep disorders, tics, and absence of neurodevelopmental delay. Conclusion: Only half of the children referred for suspected ADHD were diagnosed with that condition, and most were among the youngest in their classes, which suggests that suspected ADHD is overestimated. An exhaustive clinical interview investigating the family's psychological disorders and the patient's sleep disorders and tics is needed to improve the diagnostic process (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/diagnóstico , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/epidemiologia , Tiques/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Suscetibilidade a Doenças/diagnóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , 50293
3.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 19(74): 177-182, abr.-jun. 2017. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-164188

RESUMO

El planteamiento del marco analítico, y su representación gráfica, forma parte del abordaje integral para la realización de las revisiones sistemáticas que el US Preventive Services Task Force utiliza en el proceso de elaboración de sus recomendaciones. Se incluye como parte de la metodología para el desarrollo del plan de trabajo. Junto a las preguntas clave, establecen los pasos necesarios en la lógica clínica que deben ser demostrados para evaluar la eficacia y los daños de un servicio preventivo en Atención Primaria. El objetivo de un marco analítico es presentar clara y esquemáticamente las preguntas específicas que relacionan intervenciones y resultados y que deben ser contestadas por la revisión bibliográfica. Se describe una convención para su diseño respecto a los ítems, enlaces, símbolos y representación gráfica (AU)


The analytic framework and its graphic representation, takes part of the integral approach in the systematic reviews that the US Preventive Services Task Force develop in the process of developing their recommendations. It is included as part of the methodology for the process of the working plan. Together with the key questions, the analytic framework establishes the needed steps in the logical process that should be demonstrated in order to assess the efficacy and the harms of a preventive service in primary care. The objective of an analytic framework is to present clearly and schematically the specific questions that relate interventions and results and that should be answered through the bibliographic review. A convention for its design, items, links, symbols and graphic representation is described (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Consenso , Serviços Preventivos de Saúde/métodos , Serviços Preventivos de Saúde/organização & administração , Serviços Preventivos de Saúde/normas , Promoção da Saúde/normas , Serviços Preventivos de Saúde/legislação & jurisprudência , Serviços Preventivos de Saúde/tendências , Serviços Preventivos de Saúde
4.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 19(73): 75-82, ene.-mar. 2017. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-161864

RESUMO

Desde su creación, el Grupo PrevInfad ha trabajado con los objetivos de formular y mantener actualizadas las recomendaciones sobre actividades preventivas a realizar en la población infantil y adolescente española y mejorar la práctica clínica y promover la salud pública en el ámbito de la Atención Primaria. Las recomendaciones de PrevInfad van dirigidas principalmente a los pediatras de Atención Primaria, personal de enfermería y otros profesionales de la salud. En este trabajo presentamos una versión resumida del manual de trabajo del Grupo PrevInfad, que se ha actualizado recientemente. Para mayor detalle recomendamos a las personas interesadas consultar la versión íntegra, que se encuentra en la página web del grupo. Los métodos descritos están destinados a garantizar que las recomendaciones de PrevInfad sean metodológicamente sólidas, científicamente defendibles, reproducibles y bien documentadas (AU)


The working group PrevInfad has faced since its beginning the objectives of formulating and updating recommendations on preventive activities for Spanish children and adolescents, improving clinical practice and promoting public health in Primary Care. Previnfad recommendations address mainly to Primary Care paediatricians, nurses and other health professionals. In this paper, we present a resumed version of PrevInfad procedure manual, recently updated. We recommend to consult the complete version available in PrevInfad web site. The described methods are intended to ensure that the recommendations of PrevInfad are methodologically solid, scientifically defendable, reproducible and well documented (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Manuais como Assunto , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodos , Prevenção Primária/métodos , Sociedades/prevenção & controle , Sociedades/políticas , Grupos de Autoajuda/organização & administração , Grupos de Autoajuda/normas
5.
Neurologia ; 32(7): 431-439, 2017 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26994933

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder originating from multiple factors. The aim of this study is to determine the percentage of patients with ADHD out of all patients referred to our clinic for assessment, and to explore the epidemiological and clinical factors linked to this diagnosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: retrospective analytical study of a sample of patients under 15 years old sent to the paediatric neurology clinic for suspected ADHD. DSM-IV criteria were used for diagnosis. We completed a binary logistic regression analysis to determine which risk factors were associated with the diagnosis. RESULTS: Of the 280 selected patients, 224 were male (male/female ratio 4:1); mean age (SD) was 8.4 (3.08) years. Almost half (49%) of the patients were referred by their schools and 64.9% were born in the second half of the year, but this tendency was more marked in girls than in boys. Assessment according to DSM-IV criteria resulted in diagnosis of 139 subjects (49.7%). The risk factors linked to diagnosis were male sex, parents with ADHD, associated sleep disorders, tics, and absence of neurodevelopmental delay. CONCLUSION: Only half of the children referred for suspected ADHD were diagnosed with that condition, and most were among the youngest in their classes, which suggests that suspected ADHD is overestimated. An exhaustive clinical interview investigating the family's psychological disorders and the patient's sleep disorders and tics is needed to improve the diagnostic process.


Assuntos
Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/diagnóstico , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/epidemiologia , Criança , Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores Sexuais , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/complicações
6.
Rev Neurol ; 64(1): 31-37, 2017 Jan 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28000910

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: A great deal of research has addressed problems in the correct acquisition of language, but with few overall conclusions. The reasons for this lie in the individual variability, the existence of different measures for assessing language and the fact that a complex network of genetic and environmental factors are involved in its development. AIM: To review the environmental and genetic variables that have been studied to date, in order to gain a better under-standing of the causes of specific language impairment and create new evidence that can help in the development of screening systems for the early detection of these disorders. DEVELOPMENT: The environmental variables related with poorer early child language development include male gender, low level of education of the mother, familial history of problems with language or psychiatric problems, perinatal problems and health problems in early childhood. Bilingualism seems to be a protective factor. Temperament and language are related. Within the genetic factors there are several specific genes associated with language, two of which have a greater influence on its physiological acquisition: FOXP2 and CNTNAP2. The other genes that are most related with specific language disorders are ATP2C2, CMIP, ROBO2, ZNF277 and NOP9. CONCLUSIONS: The key to comprehending the development of specific language disorders lies in reaching an understanding of the true role played by genes in the ontogenesis, in the regulation of the different developmental processes, and how this role is modulated by the environment.


TITLE: Variables ambientales y geneticas relacionadas con alteraciones en la adquisicion del lenguaje en la infancia.Introduccion. Los problemas en la correcta adquisicion del lenguaje se han estudiado mucho, pero con escasas conclusiones globales; a ello contribuye la variabilidad individual, la existencia de diferentes medidas para evaluar el lenguaje y a que en su desarrollo participa una compleja red de factores geneticos y ambientales. Objetivo. Revisar las variables ambientales y geneticas que se han investigado hasta la actualidad, para comprender mejor las causas de los trastornos especificos del lenguaje y crear nuevas evidencias que faciliten la elaboracion de sistemas de deteccion precoz de estos trastornos. Desarrollo. Dentro de las variables ambientales relacionadas con peor desarrollo en el lenguaje infantil estan el sexo masculino, un nivel educacional maternal bajo, una historia familiar de problemas en el lenguaje o problemas psiquiatricos, los problemas perinatales y los problemas de salud en la infancia. El bilinguismo parece ser un factor protector. El temperamento y el lenguaje tienen relacion. Dentro de los factores geneticos existen ya varios genes especificos asociados con el lenguaje, dos de ellos con una influencia mayor en su adquisicion fisiologica: FOXP2 y CNTNAP2. Los otros genes mas relacionados con trastornos especificos del lenguaje son ATP2C2, CMIP, ROBO2, ZNF277 y NOP9. Conclusiones. La clave para entender el desarrollo de los trastornos especificos del lenguaje radica en llegar a comprender el verdadero papel que desempeñan los genes en la ontogenia, regulando los diferentes procesos de desarrollo y como este papel se ve modulado por el ambiente.


Assuntos
Transtornos do Desenvolvimento da Linguagem/etiologia , Traumatismos do Nascimento/complicações , Criança , Desenvolvimento Infantil , Pré-Escolar , Dislexia/etiologia , Dislexia/genética , Escolaridade , Feminino , Interação Gene-Ambiente , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Doenças do Prematuro , Desenvolvimento da Linguagem , Transtornos do Desenvolvimento da Linguagem/genética , Masculino , Multilinguismo , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/genética , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/fisiologia , Otite/complicações , Recidiva , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Meio Social , Fatores Socioeconômicos
7.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 18(69): 17-24, ene.-mar. 2016. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-152268

RESUMO

Introducción: el objetivo principal es conocer la cobertura de la enfermería pediátrica en el Programa de Salud Infantil (PSI) y como objetivos secundarios analizar la aceptación, competencia y necesidades formativas de los equipos de Pediatría y enfermería en la Comunidad Valenciana (CV). Material y métodos: estudio transversal, descriptivo, de los datos recogidos mediante encuesta online anónima realizada a pediatras y enfermeros de la CV durante dos meses de 2014 sobre quién realiza y quién debería realizar los controles del PSI y las aptitudes y necesidades formativas detectadas. Resultados: un 87% de los encuestados refirió disponer en su centro de enfermería pediátrica. Realizan controles conjuntamente, enfermera y pediatra, en un 70% de los casos. Las habilidades principales de la enfermería se consideran: consejo sobre alimentación, hábitos saludables y vacunación. La mitad de encuestados reconocen necesidades formativas. El 95% de los encuestados considera que es necesario disponer de enfermería pediátrica en los centros de salud. Uno de cada cuatro de los controles que realizan los pediatras en solitario se corresponde con las visitas iniciales del recién nacido, en la primera semana y el mes de vida. Conclusión: todas las unidades asistenciales deben estar constituidas por personal de enfermería y pediatra. Las agendas de citación de enfermería tienen que ser flexibles para permitir su participación en los controles de salud de la primera semana y primer mes de vida del niño. En los programas de formación continuada deben implementarse contenidos acordes a las necesidades detectadas en este estudio para el desempeño de su actividad en el PSI (AU)


Introduction: our main objective was to determine the overall pediatric nursing coverage on the Well Child Care (WCC) visits and the secondary objective was to assess acceptance, skills and training needs of pediatrics and nursing teams in Primary Care of the Comunitat Valenciana. Material and Methods: cross sectional descriptive study from data collected through anonymous online surveys to pediatricians and nurses for two months in 2014. They were asked about who performs and who should perform and abilities and training needs identified. Outcomes: among those responding to the survey, 87% have referred to have pediatric nursing at their offices. 70% WCC visits have been delivered jointly by pediatrician and nurse. Main nursing abilities have been considered: advice on feeding, healthy lifestyle and immunizations. Half of the respondents recognize training needs. 95% surveyed believe that it’s mandatory to have pediatric nurses in all primary care settings. One out of four visits performed by pediatricians alone corresponds to early visits along the first month of life. Conclusions: all Primary Care Units should be formed of pediatricians and nursing staff. The nursing work schedules must be flexible enough to enable their participation in the first WCC visits. In continuing education programs, the contents should be implemented according to the needs identified in this study for the performance of the activity in the WCC (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Vigilância Sanitária/normas , Vigilância Sanitária , Enfermagem Pediátrica/métodos , Enfermagem Pediátrica/tendências , Saúde da Criança/estatística & dados numéricos , Saúde da Criança/tendências , Prevenção Primária/métodos , Prevenção Primária/tendências , Estudos Transversais/métodos , Estudos Transversais/tendências , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários
8.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 18(69): 65-78, ene.-mar. 2016. tab, mapas
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-152281

RESUMO

Hay pruebas de que el cribado universal de la infección tuberculosa latente (ITBL) en zonas de baja incidencia tiene un rendimiento pobre, un número elevado de falsos positivos y no es coste-efectivo. Hay evidencias de que el cribado de la ITBL en los grupos que tienen riesgo elevado de desarrollar una infección tuberculosa activa (ITBA) mejora el rendimiento de las pruebas diagnósticas, el balance beneficio-riesgo y debe formar parte de las estrategias para disminuir el impacto de la tuberculosis. Sobre el dilema de cuál de las tres estrategias (prueba cutánea de la tuberculina [PCT] sola, determinación de la liberación de interferón gamma [IGRA] solo o PCT seguida de IGRA) para el diagnóstico de la ITBL es la que ofrece mejor rendimiento, existe variabilidad tanto en las recomendaciones de las guías de práctica clínica (GPC) y las instituciones como en las conclusiones de los estudios sobre el tema, aunque la mayoría de las recomendaciones van en el mismo sentido que las que proponemos en este documento. La prueba cutánea de la tuberculina sigue siendo el test diagnóstico con mejor rendimiento para realizar el cribado de la infección tuberculosa latente en niños y adolescentes. Recomendaciones de PrevInfad (GRADE): Se recomienda no realizar el cribado universal de la infección tuberculosa latente en los niños y adolescentes de nuestro país. Se recomienda realizar el cribado de la infección tuberculosa latente en los niños y adolescentes que pertenecen a grupos de riesgo. Se sugiere el uso de la prueba cutánea de la tuberculina (PCT) como primera prueba para el cribado de la infección tuberculosa latente en niños y adolescentes de nuestro país. Se sugiere utilizar los IGRA para los niños y adolescentes de cinco o más años con PCT positiva y antecedente de vacunación con bacilo de Calmette-Guérin (BCG) para mejorar la especificidad de la prueba de cribado (AU)


There is evidence that latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) screening in low incidence areas, has a poor efficiency, many false positives and is not cost-effective. There is evidence that LTBI screening in groups at high risk of developing active tuberculosis infection (ATBI) improves the efficiency of the diagnostic tests as well as the risk-benefit balance and should take part of the strategies to reduce tuberculosis impact. Tuberculin skin test is still the best performing diagnostic test in the screening for latent tuberculosis infection in children and adolescents. PrevInfad recommendations (GRADE): Universal screening of latent tuberculosis infection in children and adolescents of our country is not recommended. Universal screening of latent tuberculosis infection in high risk groups of children and adolescents is recommended. Tuberculin skin test (TST) as the first test for screening of latent tuberculosis infection in children and adolescents of our country is suggested. IGRA for children and adolescents five or more years old with a positive TST and history of BCG vaccination, is suggested in order to improve the screening test specificity (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Tuberculose/epidemiologia , Testes Cutâneos/instrumentação , Testes Cutâneos/métodos , Testes Cutâneos , Tuberculina/isolamento & purificação , Teste Tuberculínico/métodos , Monitoramento Epidemiológico/normas , Monitoramento Epidemiológico , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Programas de Rastreamento/estatística & dados numéricos , Tuberculose/prevenção & controle , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos/métodos , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos , Monitoramento Epidemiológico/organização & administração , Monitoramento Epidemiológico/estatística & dados numéricos , Grupos de Risco
9.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 17(67): 271-274, jul.-sept. 2015. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-141526

RESUMO

Un ensayo clínico, publicado en 2014, bien diseñado y con poca probabilidad de sesgo, muestra que en niños de alto riesgo de enfermedad celíaca, la ingesta de gluten en pequeñas cantidades no reduce la incidencia de enfermedad celíaca a los tres años de vida; también, que la lactancia materna tampoco tuvo ningún efecto en la incidencia de la enfermedad a los tres años. Estos resultados están en clara contradicción con las recomendaciones emitidas en 2008 por la European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN). La conclusión es que se mantiene la recomendación de la lactancia materna exclusiva en los primeros seis meses de vida y que la introducción progresiva del gluten entre los cuatro y los seis meses de edad no reduce la incidencia de enfermedad celíaca (AU)


A well designed clinical trial, with low risk of bias, published in 2014, shows that, in celiac disease high risk infants, small amounts of gluten in the diet don’t reduce the incidence of celiac disease at three years of age; moreover, breastfeeding didn’t have any effect in the disease incidence at three years of age either. These results are clearly contradictory with the 2008 ESPGHAN recommendations. The conclusion is the adherence to the recommendation of exclusive breastfeeding the first six months of life and that the progressive introduction of gluten between 4 and 6 months of age do not reduce celiac disease incidence (AU)


Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Glutens/uso terapêutico , Doença Celíaca/dietoterapia , Hipersensibilidade a Trigo/dietoterapia , Hipersensibilidade a Trigo/epidemiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Método Duplo-Cego , Aleitamento Materno/instrumentação , Aleitamento Materno/métodos
10.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 17(66): e159-e179, abr.-jun. 2015. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-137536

RESUMO

En el presente trabajo se aportan los resultados obtenidos de la revisión del tema del cribado de la escoliosis idiopática del adolescente. No existe acuerdo entre las distintas sociedades científicas implicadas en este problema sobre si se debe o no realizar cribado universal sistemático de esta patología. Tras elaborar un marco analítico donde se encuadran las preguntas clínicas que se tratan de responder, se repasan los conceptos de magnitud del problema e historia natural del proceso. Se valoran los estudios sobre las pruebas de cribado y la eficacia del tratamiento. Se refieren los datos existentes sobre la eficacia de los programas de cribado, su balance riesgo-beneficio y su coste-efectividad. Se informa sobre las recomendaciones de los grupos de expertos a nivel internacional. El grupo PrevInfad considera que los riesgos del cribado universal de la escoliosis idiopática del adolescente son mayores que los beneficios y sugiere no realizar el cribado sistemático (AU)


The present paper provides the results of the review on adolescent idiopathic scoliosis screening. There is no agreement among the different scientific societies involved on the issue of recommending or not the universal systematic screening of this condition. An analytic framework is provided with the involved clinical questions to be answered. The prevalence and natural history are described. The studies on screening tests and treatment effectiveness are appraised. The existent data on effectiveness of screening programs are provided, as well as their risk-benefits balance and cost-effectiveness. The recommendations of international expert groups are reported. The group PrevInfad considers that the risks of universal adolescent idiopathic scoliosis screening outweigh the benefits so we suggest not to do systematic screening (AU)


Assuntos
Adolescente , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Escoliose/epidemiologia , Escoliose/prevenção & controle , Programas de Rastreamento/análise , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Qualidade de Vida , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Exercício Físico , Medição de Risco/métodos , Avaliação de Eficácia-Efetividade de Intervenções , 50303 , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodos , Atenção Primária à Saúde/tendências , Inquéritos e Questionários , História Natural
11.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 17(65): e57-e67, ene.-mar. 2015. tab, ilus, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-134641

RESUMO

En el presente trabajo se revisan y actualizan las recomendaciones de PrevInfad sobre el cribado de alteraciones visuales en la infancia. Se analizan los beneficios en salud de la detección precoz, la validez y seguridad de las pruebas de cribado, la efectividad del tratamiento y los posibles riesgos de la detección precoz y el tratamiento de los problemas detectados. PrevInfad recomienda incluir la inspección ocular y la prueba del reflejo rojo en las visitas de salud de los primeros seis meses de vida, así como la detección de alteraciones visuales (ambliopía, estrabismo y errores de refracción) a la edad de 3-5 años. La evidencia para evaluar el balance entre los beneficios y los riesgos del cribado de la disminución de la agudeza visual por errores de refracción en niños de 6 a 14 años es insuficiente. Debido a su extensión, el texto se ha divido en dos partes, siendo esta la segunda de ellas (AU)


In this paper the recommendations of PrevInfad on visual screening in children are reviewed. The health benefits of early detection, and the validity and safety of the screening tests are analysed as well as treatment effectivity and the potential risks of early diagnosis and treatment of the detected problems. PrevInfad recommends including eye inspection and red reflex test in the health visits of the first 6 month of life, as well as the detection of visual impairments (amblyopia, strabismus and refraction errors) at 3-5 years of age. Evidence to assess the balance between risks and benefits of reduced visual acuity screening in children 6 to 14 years old is insufficient. Due to its extent, the text has been divided into two parts. We present in this paper the second part (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Seleção Visual/métodos , Transtornos da Visão/diagnóstico , Acuidade Visual , Erros de Refração/epidemiologia , Refratometria/métodos , Serviços de Saúde Escolar
12.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 16(64): e173-e194, oct.-dic. 2014. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-131219

RESUMO

En el presente trabajo se revisan y actualizan las recomendaciones de PrevInfad sobre el cribado de alteraciones visuales en la infancia. Se analizan los beneficios en salud de la detección precoz, la validez y seguridad de las pruebas de cribado, la efectividad del tratamiento y los posibles riesgos de la detección precoz y el tratamiento de los problemas detectados. PrevInfad recomienda incluir la inspección ocular y la prueba del reflejo rojo en las visitas de salud de los primeros seis meses de vida, así como la detección de alteraciones visuales (ambliopía, estrabismo y errores de refracción) a la edad de 3-5 años. La evidencia para evaluar el balance entre los beneficios y los riesgos del cribado de la disminución de la agudeza visual por errores de refracción en niños de 6 a 14 años es insuficiente. Debido a su extensión, el texto se ha divido en dos partes. Presentamos en este artículo la primera de ellas (AU)


In this paper the recommendations of PrevInfad on visual screening in children are reviewed. The health benefits of early detection, and the validity and safety of the screening tests are analyzed as well as treatment effectivity, potential risks of early diagnosis and treatment of the detected problems. PrevInfad recommends including eye inspection and red reflex test in the health visits of the first 6 month of life, as well as the detection of visual impairments (amblyopia, strabismus and refraction errors) at 3-5 years of age. Evidence to assess the balance between risks and benefits of reduced visual acuity screening in children 6 to 14 years old is insufficient. Due to its extent, the text has been divided into two parts. We present in this paper the first of them (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Criança , Adolescente , Oftalmopatias/epidemiologia , Oftalmopatias/prevenção & controle , Ambliopia/epidemiologia , Ambliopia/prevenção & controle , Acuidade Visual/imunologia , Acuidade Visual/fisiologia , Diagnóstico Precoce , Transtornos da Visão/economia , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Transtornos da Visão/epidemiologia , Transtornos da Visão/prevenção & controle , Testes Visuais/métodos , Avaliação de Eficácia-Efetividade de Intervenções
13.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 16(62): 147-153, abr.-jun. 2014. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-125012

RESUMO

El beneficio de la suplementación con yodo durante la gestación en las áreas con deficiencia grave de yodo está bien establecido. En el año 2004 la Organización Mundial de la Salud incluyó a España entre los países con adecuada ingesta de yodo y varios estudios recientes confirman que la ingesta de yodo es suficiente en la población española. Los profesionales españoles, sin embargo, se han encontrado con recomendaciones contradictorias, lo que ha generado confusión e incertidumbre en la práctica a seguir en cuanto a la suplementación de yodo a la mujer gestante o en periodo de lactancia. A los clínicos e investigadores les preocupa que las situaciones de déficit de yodo leve o moderado puedan relacionarse con un peor desarrollo de los niños, pero la suplementación rutinaria de yodo en la gestación no está exenta de riesgo. PrevInfad considera que, al tratarse de una medida profiláctica que afecta a dos individuos -madre e hijo- y que se aplica al conjunto de una población sana, debe primar el principio de precaución y que no existen pruebas de calidad suficiente para determinar el balance entre los beneficios y los riesgos de la suplementación farmacológica de yodo durante la gestación y la lactancia, por lo que sugiere que no se realice esta intervención (AU)


The benefits of Iodine supplementation in Iodine-deficient areas are well established. The World Health Organization included Spain among the countries with an adequate Iodine intake in 2004 and some recent research papers confirm that Iodine intake is adequate in the Spanish population. Nevertheless, Spanish health professionals have been faced with contradictory recommendations, producing confusion and uncertainty in clinical practice referring to Iodine supplementation in pregnancy and breastfeeding mothers. Clinicians and researchers are concerned that mild or moderate Iodine deficiency could be related to underdevelopment in children, but routine Iodine supplementation in pregnancy is not risk free. The working group PrevInfad (Prevention in Childhood and Adolescence) considers that being a preventive intervention that applies to the total healthy population, the precaution principle must be prioritized, and that there is no evidence on the balance risk-benefit in the pharmacological Iodine supplementation during pregnancy and breastfeeding. For these reasons they suggest not making this intervention


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Iodo/administração & dosagem , Nutrição da Gestante , Aleitamento Materno , Nutrição Materna , Doenças da Glândula Tireoide/prevenção & controle , Suplementos Nutricionais , Testes de Função Tireóidea , Hormônios Tireóideos/análise
14.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 15(59): 261-269, jul.-sept. 2013. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-115839

RESUMO

El embarazo en la adolescencia continúa siendo un problema de salud pública en España, tanto por sus consecuencias como por sus tasas mantenidas. En marzo de 2013, el grupo PrevInfad realizó una actualización de sus recomendaciones sobre esta cuestión y en este artículo se presenta la introducción general al tema, en cuanto a su magnitud, y se exponen los resultados de la revisión de la evidencia sobre la efectividad del consejo desde la Atención Primaria pediátrica y las recomendaciones del grupo en este tema (AU)


Teenage pregnancy remains a public health problem in Spain both in its consequences and its maintained rates. In March 2013 the group PrevInfad has updated its recommendations on the issue and in this paper we present a general introduction to the subject, in terms of its magnitude, and we explain the results of the review of the evidence on the effectiveness of the counseling from pediatric primary care and the group’s recommendations on this issue (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Gravidez , Criança , Adolescente , Gravidez na Adolescência/prevenção & controle , Gravidez na Adolescência/fisiologia , Grupos de Risco , Prevenção Primária/métodos , Prevenção Primária/tendências , Psicologia do Adolescente/métodos , Psicologia do Adolescente/tendências , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodos , Atenção Primária à Saúde/organização & administração , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Prevenção Primária/organização & administração , Prevenção Primária/normas , Intervalos de Confiança , Razão de Chances
15.
J Mech Behav Biomed Mater ; 13: 1-13, 2012 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22824585

RESUMO

The aim of the present research is to determine the influence of the calcification of human mitral valves on the mechanical properties of their marginal chordae tendineae. The study was performed on marginal chords obtained from thirteen human mitral valves, explanted at surgery, including six non-calcified, four moderately calcified and three strongly calcified valves. The mechanical response of the chords from the non-calcified and moderately calcified valves was determined by means of quasi-static tensile tests (the poor condition of the strongly calcified valves prevented them from being mechanically characterised). The material parameters that were obtained and analysed (the Young's modulus, the secant modulus, the proportional limit stress, the ultimate strength, the strain at fracture and the density of energy stored up to maximum load) revealed noticeable differences in mechanical behaviour between the two groups of mitral chordae tendineae. Large scatter was obtained in all cases, nevertheless, considering the mean values, it was observed that the normal chords are between three and seven times stiffer or more resistant than the moderately calcified ones. On the contrary, the results obtained for the strain at fracture showed a rather different picture as, in this case, no significant differences were observed between the two families of chords. A scanning electron microscopy study was conducted in order to find out the relevant features of the calcium deposits present in the calcified chordae tendineae. In addition, the general aspects appreciated in the stress vs. strain curves were correlated with the collagen morphological evidences determined microscopically. Finally, the calcium content present in the three groups of chords was quantitatively determined through atomic absorption spectroscopy; then, the relation between the mechanical properties of normal and moderately calcified chords as a function of its calcium content was obtained. This analysis confirmed the existence of a strong correlation between calcium content and stiffness or resistance whereas the influence on the ductility seems to be negligible.


Assuntos
Calcinose/metabolismo , Cordas Tendinosas/metabolismo , Teste de Materiais , Fenômenos Mecânicos , Valva Mitral/metabolismo , Adulto , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Cálcio/metabolismo , Cordas Tendinosas/fisiologia , Cordas Tendinosas/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Resistência à Tração
16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21096878

RESUMO

The lack of reliable mechanical data on coronary arteries and, more specifically, on their wall strength hampers the application of numerical models and simulations to vascular problems, and precludes physicians from knowing in advance the response of coronary arteries to the different interventions. Studies of the mechanical properties of coronary arteries have been carried out almost exclusively on animals. Only a few studies have tried to characterize the in vivo behavior of human coronaries through tests under physiological conditions. In this work, the mechanical properties of human coronary arteries have been characterized. Whole samples from human right (RC) and left anterior descending (LAD) coronary arteries aged between 23 and 83 years have been studied by means of in-vitro tensile testing up to failure.


Assuntos
Artérias/fisiologia , Vasos Coronários/fisiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Resistência à Tração
17.
Rev Neurol ; 50 Suppl 3: S101-6, 2010 Mar 03.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20200835

RESUMO

AIM: To review selectively the status of the genetic research in the field of speech and language disorders. DEVELOPMENT: Major contributions to the field are selected, presented, and discussed. Twin and family studies have demonstrated that most cognitive traits including language are moderately to highly heritable. Rare mutations affecting the FOXP2 transcription factor cause a monogenic speech and language disorder. The results of association studies of FOXP2 with several language disorders are controversial, probably due to the problem of phenotype definition. CONCLUSIONS: Common forms of disorders of speech and language are mostly likely associated with variability in the function of multiple genes. Longitudinal studies looking at gene environmental interaction might be important in order to understand the mechanism of language development.


Assuntos
Transtornos do Desenvolvimento da Linguagem/genética , Desenvolvimento da Linguagem , Transtornos da Linguagem/genética , Fatores de Transcrição Forkhead/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Humanos , Idioma , Mutação , Fenótipo , Estudos em Gêmeos como Assunto
18.
Vasa ; 38(4): 334-7, 2009 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19998253

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Despite the theoretical effectiveness of the Angio-Seal closure device to control bleeding after arterial puncture it can increase the risk of ischemia. OBJECTIVES: To describe arterial lesions caused by the device, surgical techniques needed to repair those lesions and surgical outcome in patients who underwent surgery for arterial ischemia after heart catheterization. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Seven patients underwent surgery over a period of 12 months at our institution. Five patients underwent emergency surgery and two a delayed procedure. The cause of ischemia was dissection of an atheroma plaque at the puncture site in four cases, dissection of the superficial femoral artery in one case, thrombosis of the common femoral artery in one case, and plication of the posterior arterial wall in one case. Arterial repair in these patients required the insertion of a vascular graft in three cases, endarterectomy plus angioplasty in two cases, endarterectomy plus graft interposition plus thrombectomy of the superficial femoral artery in one case and endarterectomy plus femoropopliteal bypass in one case. RESULTS: Treatment was successful in all patients. Mean follow up was 7.6 months (range 5-11 months). During the study period one patient died due to cardiopathy. No patients had to be re-operated and no limb losses were recorded. All the patients were asymptomatic from a vascular point of view with normal active lives for their age. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical repair is effective, although, generally, it is not restricted to a simple thrombectomy, requiring the use of different arterial repair techniques.


Assuntos
Cateterismo Cardíaco/efeitos adversos , Artéria Femoral/cirurgia , Hemorragia/prevenção & controle , Técnicas Hemostáticas/efeitos adversos , Isquemia/cirurgia , Extremidade Inferior/irrigação sanguínea , Trombose/cirurgia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Angioplastia , Implante de Prótese Vascular , Endarterectomia , Desenho de Equipamento , Feminino , Hemorragia/etiologia , Técnicas Hemostáticas/instrumentação , Humanos , Isquemia/etiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Punções , Trombectomia , Trombose/etiologia , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento
19.
Sanid. mil ; 65(3): 172-177, jul.-sept. 2009. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-87052

RESUMO

Objetivos: Describir la forma de presentación de los primeros casos de nueva gripe A(H1N1) en la Academia de Ingenieros de Hoyo de Manzanares. Describir las medidas adoptadas durante el brote. Analizar críticamente la actuación de la Sanidad Militar, tanto en lo referente a la rapidez como a la eficacia. Material y Métodos: Se describe la situación de partida y la evolución cronológica inicial de las actuaciones. Se utiliza para el estudio del brote una encuesta epidemiológica. Se describen las diferentes actuaciones, reuniones institucionales, actividades médicas, etc, llevadas a cabo. Se analiza la concordancia de las mismas con la normativa e instrucciones oficiales, así como la eficacia/ineficacia de las mismas. Resultados: El brote se detectó el día 19 de Mayo y se dio por finalizado el día 1 de Junio. La sintomatología predominante en los 16 casos que fueron motivo de estudio, entre los 21 que motivaron la alerta, fue malestar general, tos, cefalea y dolor faríngeo. Sólo un tercio de estos primeros pacientes del brote presentaron fiebre. Las Autoridades sanitarias del Ministerio de Defensa realizaron varias reuniones y actividades conjuntas con diferentes organismos dependientes del Ministerio de Sanidad y Política Social, con conocimiento y colaboración de la Consejería de Sanidad de la Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid. Se realizaron encuestas epidemiológicas y reconocimientos conjuntos sobre el terreno. Se trató con oseltamivir a todos lo casos, estableciendo medidas de cuarentena sobre los contactos próximos, sin aplicar quimioprofilaxis. Los pacientes hospitalizados no reunían criterios clínicos de gravedad y fueron dados de alta hospitalaria al segundo o tercer día de su ingreso. Conclusiones: El cuadro clínico dominante en los primeros casos hacía muy difícil alcanzar un alto grado de sospecha de la existencia del virus de la gripe nueva A(H1N1), a loque hay que sumar la falta de nexo epidemiológico. Por tanto, el haber lanzado la voz de alarma ya es motivo de orgullo y consideramos que fue importante para la contención del brote la precocidad en el inicio de las actuaciones. La colaboración con las Autoridades Civiles fue, en contra de lo que notificaron muchos medios de comunicación, precoz, intensa y continuada, facilitando así mismo la resolución temprana del brote. Dadas las circunstancias particulares que presentaba el caso, se siguieron estrictamente las recomendaciones oficiales, con algunas modificaciones de las mismas, siempre de común acuerdo con las Autoridades Sanitarias Civiles, artífices de dichas recomendaciones (AU)


Objectives: to describe the form of presentation of the first cases of the new influenza A (H1N1) in the Army Engineer and Signal School in Hoyo de Manzanares. To describe the measures adopted during the outbreak. To critically assess the rapidity and efficacy of the Medical Service intervention. Material and Methods: the initial situation and the chronological evolution of the intervention are described. An epidemiological survey was utilized to study the outbreak. The different interventions, institutional meetings, medical activities, etc, are described. Their conformity with the official regulations and instructions is evaluated as well as their efficacy or inefficacy. Results: the outbreak was detected the 19th May and ended the 1st June. The predominant symptoms in the 16 cases studied among the 21 that alerted the medical service were general malaise, cough, headache and pharyngeal discomfort. Only one third of these first cases of the outbreak had fever. The medical authorities of the Ministry of Defense had several joint meetings and activities with representatives from different organizations of the Ministry of Health and Social Policy. The Health Department of the Autonomous Community of Madrid was also informed and cooperated. The inspections and epidemiological surveys were carried out jointly. All cases were treated with oseltamivir and close contacts were quarantined without chemoprophylaxis. Hospitalized patients did not present severe clinical symptoms and were discharged after two or three days. Conclusions: the predominant clinical symptoms in the first cases made very difficult to suspect the presence of the new influenza A (H1N1) in addition to the lack of an epidemiological nexus. For this reason to have detected the outbreak is already a motive for pride and we consider that the early intervention was important for the containment of the outbreak. The cooperation with the civilian authorities was, contrary to what was commonly reported in the media, early, intense and continuous, facilitating the speedy resolution of the outbreak. Given the particular circumstances of this situation the official recommendations were strictly followed, with some modifications always agreed with the civilian medical authorities, originators of these recommendations (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/patogenicidade , Influenza Humana/epidemiologia , Militares/estatística & dados numéricos , Surtos de Doenças , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis/métodos
20.
Rev. patol. respir ; 12(3): 110-114, jul.-sept. 2009. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-98130

RESUMO

Reumen. Se ha comprobado la utilidad de la gammagrafía con depreótida (un péptido que interacciona con receptores de somatostatina) en el diagnóstico de nódulos pulmonares malignos, pero se desconoce su rendimiento en el derrame pleural (DP) de posible origen neoplásico, donde la citología y biopsia pleural cerrada son de bajo rendimiento. Presentamos nuestra experiencia en tomogammagrafía SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography) de receptores de somatostatina con 99mTc-depreótida en 12 pacientes con NPS (nódulo pulmonar solitario) sospechosos de malignidad y en los que se detectó la presencia de derrame pleural, bien en fase inicial o en el transcurso del seguimiento del NPS. Pacientes y método. Estudio retrospectivo (julio de 2004 a abril de 2006) de los pacientes con DP y sospecha de neoplasia intratorácica a los que se había realizado tomogammagrafía SPECT de tórax con depreótida marcada con Tc 99m como parte del trabajo diagnóstico. Resultados. Se registraron los datos de 12 pacientes. Se observó hipercaptación significativa (grado 2 o 3) del radiotrazador en 5 de 7 DP asociados a neoplasia del pulmón o pleural (categoría A), y en 3 DP asociados a cáncer extrapulmonar diseminado (categoría B). En otros dos pacientes se observó hipercaptación pleural y no se confirmó neoplasia intra o extratorácica (categoría C). Conclusiones. La tomogammagrafía con depreótida marcada (NeoSpect) podría ser de utilidad en el estudio de DP de origen tumoral. La existencia de resultados positivos con esta técnica en derrames no malignos hace necesarios estudios más amplios para determinar su valor diagnóstico (AU)


Summary. We know the use of depreotide scintigraphy (a peptide with affinity for the somatostatin receptor) in the diagnose of malignant pulmonary nodules, but we do not know the efficiency in neoplastic pleural effusions, where the cytology and percutaneous pleural biopsy are of poor efficiency. We show our experience in Technetium 99m-Tc depreotide single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in 12 patients with suspicious malignant solitary pulmonary nodule, who moreover had pleural effusion on start or during the follow up of solitary pulmonary nodule. Patients and method. Retrospective study (from July 2004 to April 2006) of patients with pleural effusion and suspicion of intrathoracic malignacy to whom we carried out thoracic 99m-Tc depreotide SPECT besides of other diagnostic procedures. Results. We registered the data of 12 patients and took notice of significant (degree 2 or 3) uptake in 5 out of 7 pleural effusions associated to pleural or lung neoplasm (group A) and in 3 pleural effusions associated to spread extrapulmonary primary tumor (group B). In 2 other patients we take notice of pleural uptake without confirmation of intrathoracic or extrathoracic malignancy (group C). Conclusions. The tomographical imaging got with somatostatin receptor scintigraphy with 99m-Tc depreotide (NeoSpect) can be used in the study of neoplastic pleural effusions. The positive findings in non-malignant pleural effusions make necessary extra studies to determine its diagnostic meaning (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons/métodos , Derrame Pleural , Tecnécio , Espectrometria gama/métodos , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Neoplasias Pleurais , Seleção de Pacientes
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