[Measurement, monitoring and knowledge of blood pressure: May Measurement Month, Colombia 2017]. / Medición, control y conocimiento de la presión arterial: Iniciativa Mayo Mes de la Medición Colombia 2017.

AIM: To describe the findings of implementing May Measurement Month 2017 in the adult Colombian population to raise awareness of the importance of blood pressure measuring, monitoring, and awareness. MATERIALS AND METHODS: May Measurement Month is a cross-sectional survey that follows the directives of the International Society of Hypertension and the World Hypertension League, which gathers information on cardiovascular risk factors and blood pressure readings. Its implementation in Colombia was lead by the Santander Ophthalmological Foundation (FOSCAL) and the Latin American Society of Hypertension (LASH) with the support of the Colombian Network for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes (RECARDI). RESULTS: Data was collected from 11 departments on 21,797 people, 58.7% of whom were female, with an average age of 40.5±17.7 years. The overall prevalence of high blood pressure (HBP) was 20.8% (self-reported antihypertensive treatment or systolic blood pressure reading [systolic blood pressure≥140mmHg]). Of the total number of hypertensives, 46.5% had systolic blood pressure readings classified as uncontrolled (systolic blood pressure<140mmHg), and 26.4% were unaware that they were hypertensive who, in this report, we consider to be new cases of HBP. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of (elevated) blood pressure is high in this young adult population, whose lack of awareness of HBP is also high, and HBP in those aware of their condition is poorly controlled. These results highlight the need to implement effective detection programmes for hypertensive patients and to establish standardised treatments to improve HBP control as a strategy to reduce cardiovascular events.

Asociación entre obesidad y baja capacidad muscular y función cardiorrespiratoria, factores de riesgo cardiometabólico en niños colombianos / Association between obesity and low muscular and cardiorespiratory capacity, cardiometabolic risk factors in Colombian children

Objetivo: Examinar la asociación entre capacidad cardiorespiratoria y muscular y la presencia de obesidad y otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular y metabólico en escolares. Material y método: Estudio de corte transversal, realizado en 336 niños y niñas escolarizados en los grados 5º y 6º de colegios públicos de Bucaramanga, Colombia. Resultados: Se encontraron correlaciones inversas significativas entre índice de masa corporal (IMC) y fuerza de empuñadura ajustada por peso (-0.532) (P<0.001), salto largo (-0.248) (P<0.001) y la prueba de Yo-Yo (-0.321) (P<0.001). La fuerza de empuñadura máxima se correlacionó de forma inversa con la presión arterial sistólica (PAS) (-0.115) (p<0.05). Conclusión: La obesidad evaluada por el IMC y el porcentaje de grasa corporal se relacionan inversamente con la aptitud muscular y cardiorrespiratoria en escolares (AU)

Objective: To examine the association between cardio respiratory and muscular fitness and the presence of obesity and other cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors in school children. Material and method: Cross-sectional study, conducted in 336 school children (boys and girls) in grade 5º and 6º of public schools in the city of Bucaramanga, Colombia. Results: Significant inverse correlations were found between body mass index (BMI) and grip strength adjusted for weight (-0532) (P <0.001), long jump (-0248) (P <0.001) and Yo-Yo test (- 0.321) (P <0.001). The maximum grip strength was correlated inversely with systolic blood pressure (SBP) (-0115) (p <0.05). Conclusion: Obesity assessed by BMI and body fat percent is inversely related with muscular and cardio respiratory fitness in Colombian school children (AU)

[In vitro antibiotic susceptibility to fluoroquinolones]. / Susceptibilidad antibiótica in vitro a fluoroquinolonas.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria recovered from cultures of ocular infections in the Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander - Clínica Carlos Ardila Lulle (FOSCAL). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective descriptive study of a series of registries of cultures of samples from ocular surfaces and intraocular fluids from the OCULAB-FOSCAL laboratory in Floridablanca (Colombia) made between January and December of 2007. Antibiotic sensitivity screening by the method of Kirby-Bauer with impregnated Sensi-Discs™ of determined antibiotic concentrations was performed. RESULTS: A total of 352 samples were studied: 160 from conjunctiva, 150 from cornea and 42 from intraocular fluids. Of the total of the samples more than one microorganism was recovered 45.65% of the samples. Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria were identified in 78.7 and 18.4%, respectively. Resistance to gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin was observed in 6.3, 8.9, 33.2 and 35.6%, respectively, of Gram positive bacteria. Resistance to gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin was also observed in 7.4, 16.7, 16.7%and 25.9%, respectively, of Gram negative bacteria. The overall bacterial resistance (Gram positive and Gram negative) to moxifloxacin was 10.15%, and to gatifloxacin it was 6.46%, being which showed a statistically significant difference (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS: In our study the development of bacterial resistance to fourth generation fluoroquinolones was demonstrated in ocular samples. However, lower levels of resistance to fourth generation fluoroquinolones compared with that of third and second generation were found, particularly to Gram positive. Gatifloxacin showed lower resistance levels than moxifloxacin. Nevertheless, interpretation of this superiority must be made with caution in the clinical field, since other factors, like tissue penetration and in vivo activity, must be taken into account.