Raw data of silver extraction from sodium-silver jarosite using three different lixiviants in alkaline medium.

This article presents the raw data of silver concentration ([Ag]) obtained as a function of time (t) from silver leaching experiments, which were conducted using a synthetic sodium-silver jarosite and different complexing agents: thiosulfate, thiocyanate, and cyanide. Leaching experiments were performed under different conditions of temperature, pH and lixiviant concentration. The data refer to the article "Silver leaching from jarosite-type compounds using cyanide and non-cyanide lixiviants: a kinetic approach" (Islas et al., 2021), in which they were used to determine the leaching kinetics of jarosite-type compounds. The datasets were obtained experimentally from batch experiments. Concentration of silver, [Ag], was determined in each experiment as a function of time by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The information presented in this article can be useful for engineering students interested in mineral processing; particularly, for the calculation of kinetic parameters of silver leaching process. The data could also help in the formulation, implementation, or optimization of strategies for extraction of valuable metals from residues generated by the hydrometallurgical industry.

The complete mitochondrial genome of the strawberry aphid Chaetosiphon fragaefolii Cockerell, 1901 (Hemiptera: Aphididae) from California, USA.

The aphid Chaetosiphon fragaefolii Cockerell, 1901 is an agricultural pest and known vector of strawberry viruses. To better understand its biology and systematics, we performed a genomic analysis on C. fragaefolii collected from Quinalt strawberry plants from Pacific Grove, Monterey county, California, USA using Oxford Nanopore and Illumina sequencing. The resulting data were used to assemble the aphids complete mitogenome. The mitogenome of C. fragaefolii is 16,108 bp in length and contains 2 rRNA, 13 protein-coding, and 22 tRNA genes (GenBank accession number LC590896). The mitogenome is similar in content and organization to other Aphididae. Phylogenetic analysis of the C. fragaefolii mitogenome resolved it in a fully supported clade in the tribe Macrosiphini. Analysis of the cox1 barcode sequence of C. fragaefolii from California found exact and nearly identical sequences to C. fragaefolii and Chaetosiphon thomasi Hille Ris Lambers, 1953, suggesting the two species are conspecific.

Determination of the dissolution rate of hazardous jarosites in different conditions using the shrinking core kinetic model.

The presence of hazardous jarosites causes a serious environmental problems, releasing potentially toxic elements, principally heavy metals such as Pb, As, Tl, Cr among others to the environment. Thus, the dissolution process of jarosites has to be monitored to assess the environmental impact. In the present work, the different hazardous jarosites were prepared, and characterized by analytical techniques (XRD, SEM, EDS, etc.), and the composition of jarosites was determined by induction-coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICP). Shrinking core kinetic model (SCKM) was employed to understand the stability of hazardous jarosites, studying a complete kinetic analysis of the jarosite dissolution process under different conditions (temperatures and pH). The results show that temperature has the highest effect on stability followed by pH, requiring extreme parameters for high dissolution. The batch experiments show that the results are in good agreement with the SCKM forming a solid layer as by-products. The chemical reaction, i.e. dissolution process performs through mostly controlling stage at extreme pH values and then moved to mass transport in the fluid layer. After analyzing the results, a kinetic equation has been proposed to describe adequately the dissolution process, and it predicts the lifetime of the hazardous jarosites.

A study on the dissolution rates of K-Cr(VI)-jarosites: kinetic analysis and implications.

BACKGROUND: The presence of natural and industrial jarosite type-compounds in the environment could have important implications in the mobility of potentially toxic elements such as lead, mercury, arsenic, chromium, among others. Understanding the dissolution reactions of jarosite-type compounds is notably important for an environmental assessment (for water and soil), since some of these elements could either return to the environment or work as temporary deposits of these species, thus would reduce their immediate environmental impact. RESULTS: This work reports the effects of temperature, pH, particle diameter and Cr(VI) content on the initial dissolution rates of K-Cr(VI)-jarosites (KFe3[(SO4)2 - X(CrO4)X](OH)6). Temperature (T) was the variable with the strongest effect, followed by pH in acid/alkaline medium (H3O(+)/OH(-)). It was found that the substitution of CrO4 (2-)in Y-site and the substitution of H3O(+) in M-site do not modify the dissolution rates. The model that describes the dissolution process is the unreacted core kinetic model, with the chemical reaction on the unreacted core surface. The dissolution in acid medium was congruent, while in alkaline media was incongruent. In both reaction media, there is a release of K(+), SO4 (2-) and CrO4 (2-) from the KFe3[(SO4)2 - X(CrO4)X](OH)6 structure, although the latter is rapidly absorbed by the solid residues of Fe(OH)3 in alkaline medium dissolutions. The dissolution of KFe3[(SO4)2 - X(CrO4)X](OH)6 exhibited good stability in a wide range of pH and T conditions corresponding to the calculated parameters of reaction order n, activation energy E A and dissolution rate constants for each kinetic stages of induction and progressive conversion. CONCLUSIONS: The kinetic analysis related to the reaction orders and calculated activation energies confirmed that extreme pH and T conditions are necessary to obtain considerably high dissolution rates. Extreme pH conditions (acidic or alkaline) cause the preferential release of K(+), SO4 (2-) and CrO4 (2-) from the KFe3[(SO4)2 - X(CrO4)X](OH)6 structure, although CrO4 (2-) is quickly adsorbed by Fe(OH)3 solid residues. The precipitation of phases such as KFe3[(SO4)2 - X(CrO4)X](OH)6, and the absorption of Cr(VI) after dissolution can play an important role as retention mechanisms of Cr(VI) in nature.

Alkaline decomposition of synthetic jarosite with arsenic.

The widespread use of jarosite-type compounds to eliminate impurities in the hydrometallurgical industry is due to their capability to incorporate several elements into their structures. Some of these elements are of environmental importance (Pb(2+), Cr(6+), As(5+), Cd(2+), Hg(2+)). For the present paper, AsO4 (3-) was incorporated into the lattice of synthetic jarosite in order to carry out a reactivity study. Alkaline decomposition is characterized by removal of sulfate and potassium ions from the lattice and formation of a gel consisting of iron hydroxides with absorbed arsenate. Decomposition curves show an induction period followed by a conversion period. The induction period is independent of particle size and exponentially decreases with temperature. The conversion period is characterized by formation of a hydroxide halo that surrounds an unreacted jarosite core. During the conversion period in NaOH media for [OH(-)] > 8 × 10(-3) mol L(-1), the process showed a reaction order of 1.86, and an apparent activation energy of 60.3 kJ mol(-1) was obtained. On the other hand, during the conversion period in Ca(OH)2 media for [OH(-)] > 1.90 × 10(-2) mol L(-1), the reaction order was 1.15, and an apparent activation energy of 74.4 kJ mol(-1) was obtained. The results are consistent with the spherical particle model with decreasing core and chemical control.

Wireless photoplethysmographic device for heart rate variability signal acquisition and analysis.

The photoplethysmographic (PPG) signal has the potential to aid in the acquisition and analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) signal: a non-invasive quantitative marker of the autonomic nervous system that could be used to assess cardiac health and other physiologic conditions. A low-power wireless PPG device was custom-developed to monitor, acquire and analyze the arterial pulse in the finger. The system consisted of an optical sensor to detect arterial pulse as variations in reflected light intensity, signal conditioning circuitry to process the reflected light signal, a microcontroller to control PPG signal acquisition, digitization and wireless transmission, a receiver to collect the transmitted digital data and convert them back to their analog representations. A personal computer was used to further process the captured PPG signals and display them. A MATLAB program was then developed to capture the PPG data, detect the RR peaks, perform spectral analysis of the PPG data, and extract the HRV signal. A user-friendly graphical user interface (GUI) was developed in LabView to display the PPG data and their spectra. The performance of each module (sensing unit, signal conditioning, wireless transmission/reception units, and graphical user interface) was assessed individually and the device was then tested as a whole. Consequently, PPG data were obtained from five healthy individuals to test the utility of the wireless system. The device was able to reliably acquire the PPG signals from the volunteers. To validate the accuracy of the MATLAB codes, RR peak information from each subject was fed into Kubios software as a text file. Kubios was able to generate a report sheet with the time domain and frequency domain parameters of the acquired data. These features were then compared against those calculated by MATLAB. The preliminary results demonstrate that the prototype wireless device could be used to perform HRV signal acquisition and analysis.

Sterols isolated from Tubifex tubifex.

Four 3beta-hydroxysterols isolated from chloroform extract from Tubifex tubifex were shown to have the structures stigmast-23-en-3-ol, stigmast-7,14-dien-3-ol, 22-dehydrocholesterol, and 24 methylenecholesterol based on spectroscopic methods. Stigmasterol and beta-sitosterol were also investigated on the basis of mass spectral analyses and compared with known compounds.

Acute endotoxemia in rats induces down-regulation of V2 vasopressin receptors and aquaporin-2 content in the kidney medulla.

BACKGROUND: Endotoxemia can lead to fluid metabolism alterations despite unchanged or elevated plasma vasopressin (VP) levels, suggesting a refractoriness of the kidney to the effect of the peptide. To test this hypothesis, we examined the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection on the expression of V2 receptors and aquaporin-2 in the kidney. METHODS: Plasma VP and urine osmolality, and binding of [3H]VP to kidney membranes, Western blot, and immunohistochemical analysis of aquaporin-2, in situ hybridization for V2 VP receptors and cytokines mRNAs were measured in the kidney 3 to 24 hours after LPS injection, 250 microg/100 g, intraperitoneally. RESULTS: LPS injection caused prolonged decreases in urine osmolality (up to 24 hours) without significant changes in plasma levels of sodium or VP. This was associated with marked decreases in V2 VP receptor mRNA and VP receptor number in the kidney, which were evident for up to 12 hours after LPS injection. Aquaporin-2 in kidney inner medulla was also reduced by about 50%. LPS induced interleukin (IL)-1beta in the kidney medulla by 3 hours, reached maximum at 6 hours, and started to decline by 12 hours, while it increased IL-6 mRNA significantly only at 3 hours. Interleukin mRNA expression was absent in kidneys of control rats. In vitro incubation of kidney medulla slices with IL-1beta reduced VP binding. CONCLUSION: The inflammatory response to acute endotoxemia down regulates V2 VP receptors and aquaporin-2 of the kidney inner medulla resulting in prolonged impairment of the renal capacity to concentrate urine.