Marital Conflict and Healthy Dietary Habits Among Preschoolers: A Study of the Experience of Coupled Women in Urban Mexico.

In Mexico social dynamics are changing toward less traditional arrangements. With a qualitative interview study, we explore the link between marital conflict and mothers' ability to foster healthy dietary habits. Sample consisted of 21 middle-class cohabitating mothers of preschoolers. Results suggests that marital conflict leads women to experiences of tension, ambivalence, or inaction on fostering healthy eating habits. Parents' mismatch in gender beliefs, food preferences, time orientation, and risk aversion play a role in creating disagreements. When men participate, women feel "helped" and grateful, but the forms and extent of desired participation may vary among traditional, ambivalent and non-traditional women.

Impact of Safe@Home on Placement and Permanency Outcomes: Results of a Quasi-Experimental Study.

This study assessed the effectiveness of Safe@Home, an in-home intervention to (1) prevent out-of-home placement for children at imminent risk of placement, and (2) minimize time in out-of-home care for children already in foster care. Using Coarsened Exact Matching, children who received Safe@Home were matched to a comparison group of children served before Safe@Home was available in their community. All children were determined by the child welfare agency to be unsafe and in need of immediate intervention. The matched samples (Safe@Home n = 510, Comparison n = 851) showed strong baseline equivalence on child age, race/ethnicity, previous history of child welfare involvement, and safety threats. Children who received Safe@Home experienced lower rate of out-of-home placements, higher rate of permanency with a parent (sustained for 12 months after the end of Safe@Home), fewer days in out-of-home care, and shorter time to case closure relative to children who received treatment as usual. There was no effect of Safe@Home on post-permanency outcomes of maltreatment and entry or re-entry after case closure.

Hemorragia por hipertensión portal (HTP) secundaria a variz éctopica en ureteroileostomía tipo Bricker en un paciente con dos trombosis precoces consecutivas de la derivación portosistémica intrahepática transyugular (TIPS) / Portal hypertension hemorrhage secondary to a stomal varicose vein in a patient with two consecutive thrombosis of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS)

Less than 5% of patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) with portal hypertension (PH) develop atypical shunt (in regions other than the esophagus or the stomach). Within this group are varices associated with a stoma, for example the ones associated with an uretero-ileostomy which are infrequent. They are a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, as they can cause hemorrhages due to PH. We present a clinical case about stoma varicose bleeding as the latest guidelines for the management of PH do not mention them or their treatment due to their low incidence.(AU)

Mexican Parents' Beliefs About Drinking Plain Water in Front of Their Preschoolers.

Because children learn habits from observing their parents, we assessed the top-of-the-mind beliefs held by parents about "drinking plain water in front of their preschool child during lunch one day this coming weekend." We recruited a convenience sample of 34 Mexican parents from daycares in Guadalajara and conducted a content analysis. Main advantage identified was getting healthier, followed by being a good example for the child. Few parents identified disadvantages. Most reported to have at least one approver within their families. The most frequent facilitator was "having it," while "not having it" was the main barrier.

Portal hypertension hemorrhage secondary to a stomal varicose vein in a patient with two consecutive thrombosis of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS).

Less than 5% of patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) with portal hypertension (PH) develop atypical shunt (in regions other than the esophagus or the stomach). Within this group are varices associated with a stoma, for example the ones associated with an uretero-ileostomy which are infrequent. They are a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, as they can cause hemorrhages due to PH. We present a clinical case about stoma varicose bleeding as the latest guidelines for the management of PH do not mention them or their treatment due to their low incidence.

Wearable alcohol monitors for alcohol use data collection among college students: Feasibility and acceptability.

OBJECTIVE: We assessed the feasibility and acceptability of using BACtrack Skyn wearable alcohol monitors for alcohol research in a college student population. METHODS: We enrolled n = 5 (Sample 1) and n = 84 (Sample 2) Indiana University undergraduate students to wear BACtrack Skyn devices continuously over a 5-day to 7-day study period. We assessed feasibility in both samples by calculating compliance with study procedures, and by analyzing amount and distributions of device output [e.g., transdermal alcohol content (TAC), temperature, motion]. In Sample 1, we assessed feasibility and acceptability with the Feasibility of Intervention Measure (FIM) scale and the Acceptability of Intervention Measure (AIM) scale. RESULTS: All participants were able to successfully use the alcohol monitors, producing a total of 11,504 h of TAC data. TAC data were produced on 567 days of the 602 total possible days of data collection. The distribution of the TAC data showed between-person variation, as would be expected with between-person differences in drinking patterns. Temperature and motion data were also produced as expected. Sample 1 participants (n = 5) reported high feasibility and acceptability of the wearable alcohol monitors in survey responses with a mean FIM score of 4.3 (of 5.0 possible score) and mean AIM score of 4.3 (of 5.0 possible score). CONCLUSIONS: The high feasibility and acceptability we observed underscore the promise of using BACtrack Skyn wearable alcohol monitors to improve our understanding of alcohol consumption among college students, a population at particularly high risk for alcohol-related harms.

A Maverick-like cluster in the genome of a pathogenic, moderately virulent strain of Gallibacterium anatis, ESV200, a transient biofilm producer.

Introduction: Gallibacterium anatis causes gallibacteriosis in birds. These bacteria produce biofilms and secrete several fimbrial appendages as tools to cause disease in animals. G. anatis strains contain up to three types of fimbriae. Complete genome sequencing is the strategy currently used to determine variations in the gene content of G. anatis, although today only the completely circularized genome of G. anatis UMN179 is available. Methods: The appearance of growth of various strains of G. anatis in liquid culture medium was studied. Biofilm production and how the amount of biofilm was affected by DNase, Proteinase K, and Pronase E enzymes were analyzed. Fimbrial gene expression was performed by protein analysis and qRT-PCR. In an avian model, the pathogenesis generated by the strains G. anatis ESV200 and 12656-12 was investigated. Using bioinformatic tools, the complete genome of G. anatis ESV200 was comparatively studied to search for virulence factors that would help explain the pathogenic behavior of this strain. Results and Discussion: G. anatis ESV200 strain differs from the 12656-12 strain because it produces a biofilm at 20%. G. anatis ESV200 strain express fimbrial genes and produces biofilm but with a different structure than that observed for strain 12656-12. ESV200 and 12656-12 strains are pathogenic for chickens, although the latter is the most virulent. Here, we show that the complete genome of the ESV200 strain is similar to that of the UNM179 strain. However, these strains have evolved with many structural rearrangements; the most striking chromosomal arrangement is a Maverick-like element present in the ESV200 strain.

The message matters: Advertisement framing and college women's beliefs toward exercise.

Objective: This study explores college women's beliefs and experiences about exercise informed by different framing strategies, and how they may influence exercise engagement. Participants: Four focus groups were conducted with 19 undergraduate women at a large public Midwestern university.Methods: Four differently framed group exercise advertisements were used to prompt focus group discussions on beliefs and intentions to exercise. Transcribed data were analyzed with a thematic content approach.Results: Undergraduate female participants described more positive beliefs that influence intention with a well-being-framed advertisement. More negative beliefs were described when the advertisement focused on enhancing appearance. Participants of color believed that seeing more representation of diversity in advertisements would make engaging in exercise easier.Conclusion: Positive beliefs linked to a "well-being" frame and diverse imagery of women in exercise advertisements may improve intention to exercise, increasing physical activity among women.

Prevalence and characteristics of choking/strangulation during sex: Findings from a probability survey of undergraduate students.

OBJECTIVE: In a random sample of undergraduate students, we aimed to: (1) establish the prevalence of choking and being choked; (2) examine demographic and situational predictors of being choked, and (3) examine demographic and situational predictors of choking someone.Participants: 4168 randomly sampled undergraduates at a large public U.S. university.Methods: A cross-sectional, confidential online survey.Results: We found that 26.5% of women, 6.6% of men, and 22.3% of transgender and gender non-binary participants reported having been choked during their most recent sexual event. Additionally, 5.7% of women, 24.8% of men, and 25.9% of transgender and non-binary participants reported that they choked their partner at their most recent event. Choking was more prevalent among sexual minority students.Conclusions: Choking is prevalent among undergraduate students; implications for college sexual health education are discussed.

#ChokeMeDaddy: A Content Analysis of Memes Related to Choking/Strangulation During Sex.

Recent research indicates that some young people initially learn about sexual choking through Internet memes. Thus, a qualitative content analysis was performed on 316 visual and textual memes collected from various social media websites and online searches to assess salient categories related to choking during sex. We identified nine main categories: communication, gendered dynamics, choking as dangerous, choking as sexy, sexualization of the nonsexual, shame and worry, romance/rough sex juxtaposition, choking and religious references, instructional/informational. Given that memes, through their humor, can make difficult topics more palatable and minimize potential harm in the phenomenon they depict, more concerted, synergistic effort that integrates media literacy into sexuality education programming on the potential risks that may ensue for those engaging in sexual choking is warranted.

Amino Acids in the Root Exudates of Agave lechuguilla Torr. Favor the Recruitment and Enzymatic Activity of Nutrient-Improvement Rhizobacteria.

Agave lechuguilla is a widely distributed plant in arid ecosystems. It has been suggested that its microbiome is partially responsible for its great adaptability to the oligotrophic environments of the Chihuahuan Desert. To lead the recruitment of beneficial rhizobacteria, the root exudates are essential; however, the amino acids contained within these compounds had been largely overlooked. Thus, we investigated how the variations of amino acids in the rhizosphere at different growth stages of A. lechuguilla affect the rhizobacterial community composition, its functions, and activity of the beneficial bacteria. In this regard, it was found that arginine and tyrosine were related to the composition of the rhizobacterial community associated to A. lechuguilla, where the most abundant genera were from the phylum Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Moreover, Firmicutes was largely represented by Bacillus in the phosphorus-mineralizing bacteria community, which may indicate its great distribution and versatility in the harsh environments of the Chihuahuan Desert. In contrast, we found a high proportion of Unknown taxa of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, reflecting the enormous diversity in the rhizosphere of these types of plants that remains to be explored. This work also reports the influence of micronutrients and the amino acids methionine and arginine over the increased activity of the nitrogen-fixing and phosphorus-mineralizing bacteria in the rhizosphere of lechuguillas. In addition, the results highlight the multiple beneficial functions present in the microbiome that could help the host to tolerate arid conditions and improve nutrient availability.

Frequency, Method, Intensity, and Health Sequelae of Sexual Choking Among U.S. Undergraduate and Graduate Students.

Although sexual choking is now prevalent, little is known about how people engage in choking in terms of frequency, intensity, method, or potential health sequelae. In a campus-representative survey of undergraduate and graduate students, we aimed to: (1) describe the prevalence of ever having choked/been choked as part of sex; (2) examine the characteristics of choking one's sexual partners (e.g., age at first experience, number of partners, frequency, intensity, method); (3) examine the characteristics of having been choked during sex; and (4) assess immediate responses of having been choked including the extent to which frequency and method (e.g., hand, ligature, limb) of having been choked predicts the range of responses endorsed by participants. A total of 4254 randomly sampled students (2668 undergraduate, 1576 graduate) completed a confidential online survey during Spring 2021. The mean age of first choking/being choked was about 19, with more undergraduates than graduate students reporting first choking/being choked in adolescence. Women and transgender/gender non-binary participants were significantly more likely to have been choked than men. Participants more often reported the use of hands compared to limbs or ligature. Common responses to being choked were pleasurable sensations/euphoria (81.7%), a head rush (43.8%), feeling like they could not breathe (43.0%), difficulty swallowing (38.9%), unable to speak (37.6%), and watery eyes (37.2%). About 15% had noticed neck bruising and 3% had lost consciousness from being choked. Greater frequency and intensity of being choked was associated with reports of more physical responses as was use of limb (arm, leg) or ligature.

Beyond the Boundaries: Exploring the Identity-Related Experiences of Biracial/Multiracial and Bisexual Adults.

Most prior bisexual research takes a monolithic approach to racial identity, and existing racial/ethnic minority research often overlooks bisexuality. Consequently, previous studies have rarely examined the experiences and unique health needs of biracial/multiracial and bisexual individuals. This exploratory qualitative study investigated the identity-related experiences of biracial/multiracial and bisexual adults within the context of health and well-being. Data were collected through 90-min semi-structured telephone interviews. Participants were recruited through online social network sites and included 24 adults between ages 18 and 59 years. We aimed to explore how identity-related experiences shape biracial/multiracial and bisexual individuals' identity development processes; how biracial/multiracial and bisexual individuals negotiate their identities; how the blending of multiple identities may contribute to perceptions of inclusion, exclusion, and social connectedness; and how biracial/multiracial and bisexual individuals may attribute positive and negative experiences to their identities. Interview transcripts were analyzed using an inductive thematic approach. Analysis highlighted four major themes: passing and invisible identities, not measuring up and erasing complexity, cultural binegativity/queerphobia and intersectional oppressions, and navigating beyond boundaries. Our findings imply promoting affirmative visibility and developing intentional support networks may help biracial/multiracial and bisexual individuals cultivate resiliency and navigate sources of identity stress. We encourage future research to explore mental health and chronic stress among this community.

Meanings of Rough Sex across Gender, Sexual Identity, and Political Ideology: A Conditional Covariance Approach.

The purpose of this study was to investigate how various subgroups based on gender, sexual identity, and political ideology conceptualize rough sex. We used available data from a 2020 survey of randomly sampled undergraduate students at a large public university in the Midwestern U.S. (n = 4,989). The dichotomous responses to 13 items on the rough sex meaning scale were analyzed using a conditional covariance approach to better understand which behaviors commonly described as rough sex behaviors were prevalent. Our results showed that rough sex was conceptualized largely as a two-dimensional construct for vast majority of subgroups. Across all subgroups, nine of the 13 behaviors clustered along two dimensions in the same way. Specifically, four behaviors related to hair pulling, being pinned down, hard thrusting, and throwing someone onto a bed clustered together as one dimension (spanking and tearing clothes off being present along this dimension for vast majority of the subgroups). Being tied up, slapping, choking, punching, and making someone have sex behaviors formed a separate dimension of rough sex across all studied groups (with biting and scratching being associated with this dimension for vast majority of subgroups).

Sex and Relationships Pre- and Early- COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings from a Probability Sample of U.S. Undergraduate Students.

In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, most U.S. colleges closed their campuses-including residence halls-causing significant disruption to students' lives. Two waves of data were collected from undergraduate students enrolled at a large U.S. Midwestern university: Wave 1 was a confidential online survey of 4989 randomly sampled undergraduate students collected in January/February 2020; Wave 2 was collected in April/May 2020 following campus closure. Our research aimed to: (1) assess how the COVID-19 related campus closure affected college students' romantic/sexual relationships, (2) examine students' past month sexual behaviors prior to the pandemic in comparison with their sexual behaviors during campus closure, and (3) compare participants' pre-pandemic event-level sexual behaviors with those occurring during campus closure. Of 2137 participants who completed both waves (49.8% women, mean age = 20.9), 2.6% were living at home in Wave 1 compared to 71.0% at Wave 2. Of those in relationships, 14.5% experienced a breakup and 25.3% stayed in their relationship but returned home to different cities. There were no statistically significant differences in participants' prior month reports of solo masturbation or sending/receiving nude/sexy images between Waves 1 and 2; however, participation in oral, vaginal, and anal sex significantly decreased across waves. Examining participants' most recent sexual events, Wave 2 sex more often occurred with a cohabiting or relationship partner and was rated as more wanted, emotionally intimate, and orgasmic. Implications for sexual health professionals are discussed.

"If Their Face Starts Turning Purple, You Are Probably Doing Something Wrong": Young Men's Experiences with Choking During Sex.

Choking/strangulation during sex has become prevalent in the United States. Yet, no qualitative research has addressed men's choking experiences. Through interviews with 21 young adult men, we examined the language men use to refer to choking, how they first learned about it, their experiences with choking, and consent and safety practices. Men learned about choking during adolescence from pornography, partners, friends, and mainstream media. They engaged in choking to be kinky, adventurous, and to please partners. While many enjoyed or felt neutral about choking, others were reluctant to choke or be choked. Safety and verbal/non-verbal consent practices varied widely.

Non-Fatal Strangulation/Choking During Sex and Its Associations with Mental Health: Findings from an Undergraduate Probability Survey.

Choking/strangulation during sex is prevalent among young adults in the United States. We examined associations between having ever been choked and participants' current mental health symptoms (e.g., feeling depressed, anxious, sad, lonely) in the prior 30 days and in the prior year. Participants were 4352 randomly sampled undergraduates who completed a confidential online survey and reported lifetime partnered sexual activity. 33.6% of women and 6.0% of men reported having been choked more than five times. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, having been choked remained significantly associated with all four mental health outcomes, except for overwhelming anxiety among men.

"It Was Scary, But Then It Was Kind of Exciting": Young Women's Experiences with Choking During Sex.

Choking/strangulation during sex is prevalent among young adults, with one study finding that 58% of women college students had ever been choked during sex. However, no qualitative study has examined women's experiences with choking/strangulation during sex outside of intimate partner violence. The purpose of our qualitative interview study was to investigate women's experiences with choking and/or being choked during partnered sex. Through in-depth interviews with 24 undergraduate and graduate women students ages 18 to 33, we sought to understand how women communicate about choking, their learning about and initiation into choking, their feelings about being choked and choking others, as well as consent and safety practices used in relation to choking. We found that women had first learned about choking through diverse sources including pornography, erotic stories, magazines, social media, friends, and partners. While all 24 women had been choked during sex, only 13 of 24 had ever choked a partner. They described having engaged in choking with men as well as women and with committed as well as more casual partner types. Participants described consensual and non-consensual choking experiences. While many women enjoyed choking, others did it largely to please their sexual partner. Women described different methods and intensities of having been choked. Although very few had ever sought out information on safety practices or risk reduction, and only some had established safe words or safe gestures with partners, participants consistently expressed a belief that the ways in which they and their partner(s) engaged in choking were safe.

Diverse Sexual Behaviors in Undergraduate Students: Findings From a Campus Probability Survey.

BACKGROUND: Probability-based surveys of college students typically assess sexual behaviors such as oral, vaginal, and anal sex. Little is known about the broader range of sexual behaviors in which students engage. AIMS: In a random sample survey of undergraduate students, we aimed to: (1) describe how recently participants had engaged in solo and partnered sexual behaviors, (2) examine how frequently participants enacted certain rough sex sexual behaviors (e.g., light spanking, hard spanking, choking, slapping, and others), (3) assess participants' frequency of experiencing certain rough sex behaviors, (4) describe participants' frequency of threesome/group sex, (5) assess the characteristics of participants' experiences with choking during sex; and (6) examine choking and face slapping in regard to consent. METHODS: A confidential, online cross-sectional survey of 4,989 randomly sampled undergraduate students at a large U.S. university. OUTCOMES: Participants reported having engaged in a broad range of solo and partnered sexual activities, including rough sex behaviors. RESULTS: The most prevalent general sexual behaviors were solo masturbation (88.6%), oral sex (79.4% received, 78.4% performed), penile-vaginal intercourse (73.5%), and partnered masturbation (71.1%). Anal intercourse was the least prevalent of these behaviors (16.8% received, 25.3% performed). Among those with any partnered sexual experience, 43.0% had choked a partner, 47.3% had been choked, 59.1% had been lightly spanked and 12.1% had been slapped on the face during sex. CLINICAL TRANSLATION: College health clinicians and educators need to be aware of the diverse and evolving range of solo and partnered sexual behaviors reported by students. In addition to counseling students about pregnancy and sexually transmitted infection risk, clinicians might assess patients' engagement in diverse sexual behaviors, such as choking/strangulation during sex, given the risk for serious outcomes including death. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS: Strengths of our research include the large sample size, use of random sampling, high response rate for college populations, broad range of behaviors assessed, and novel data on choking during sex. Among our limitations, we did not assess to what extent the experiences were wanted, pleasurable, or appealing to participants. Except for in relation to choking and slapping, we also did not assess issues of consent. CONCLUSION: Participants reported engaging in diverse sexual behaviors, some of which have important clinical implications, are understudied, and warrant further research. Herbenick D, Patterson C, Beckmeyer J, et al. Diverse Sexual Behaviors in Undergraduate Students: Findings From a Campus Probability Survey. J Sex Med 2021;18:1024-1041.

Peer Relationship Trajectories in Very Preterm and Term Individuals from Childhood to Early Adulthood.

OBJECTIVE: To identify trajectories of peer relationships in very preterm and term-born individuals from 6 to 26 years of age and test early-life predictors of these trajectories. METHOD: As part of the Bavarian Longitudinal Study, 218 very preterm/very low birth weight (VP/VLBW; <32 weeks' gestation/<1500 grams) and 220 healthy term-born (37-42 weeks' gestation) individuals were followed prospectively from birth to adulthood. Parent and self-reports at 6, 8, 13, and 26 years were combined into comprehensive developmentally appropriate scores across 3 domains: peer acceptance, friendships, and peer problems. Latent profile analyses were used to identify trajectories across these 3 domains. Binary and multinomial logistic regressions were used to test the following potential predictors of trajectories: VP/VLBW status, sex, socioeconomic status, neonatal medical risk, parent-infant relationship at 5 months, child inhibitory control at 20 months, and child cognitive abilities at 20 months. RESULTS: Three trajectories were identified for peer acceptance and friendships, and 2 trajectories were identified for peer problems. Higher cognitive abilities predicted more optimal trajectories in peer acceptance (odds ratio: 1.03 [95% confidence interval = 1.01-1.05]), friendships (1.03 [1.00-1.05]), and peer problems (1.06 [1.04-1.09]). In addition, good parent-infant relationships predicted lower peer problem trajectories (1.61 [1.03-2.50]). CONCLUSION: Early cognitive deficits may underlie persistent peer relationship difficulties in VP/VLBW samples. Positive parent-infant relationships may help reduce preterm children's risk for long-term peer problems.