Portosystemic shunt surgery for severe portal hypertension due to portal thrombosis after bariatric surgery.

Portal vein thrombosis is a rare complication after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, a widely performed bariatric surgery procedure. Occasionally, the development of portal vein thrombosis can progress to more severe conditions, including portal hypertension and cavernomatosis, thereby presenting a complex and challenging clinical scenario. The management of such complications often requires careful consideration; however, surgical intervention in the form of a splenorenal shunt is an exceptional indication. We present the case of a 33-year-old female patient who had previously undergone laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in 2014 and subsequently developed portal thrombosis, followed by cavernomatosis and associated complications of portal hypertension. A proximal splenorenal shunt procedure and splenectomy were successfully performed to manage portal hypertension. The presentation of this clinical case aims to contribute to the available evidence and knowledge surrounding this rare and challenging pathology.

Analysis of substrate specificity of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases involved in trichothecene toxin biosynthesis.

Trichothecenes are a structurally diverse family of toxic secondary metabolites produced by certain species of multiple fungal genera. All trichothecene analogs share a core 12,13-epoxytrichothec-9-ene (EPT) structure but differ in presence, absence and types of substituents attached to various positions of EPT. Formation of some of the structural diversity begins early in the biosynthetic pathway such that some producing species have few trichothecene biosynthetic intermediates in common. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) play critical roles in formation of trichothecene structural diversity. Within some species, relaxed substrate specificities of P450s allow individual orthologs of the enzymes to modify multiple trichothecene biosynthetic intermediates. It is not clear, however, whether the relaxed specificity extends to biosynthetic intermediates that are not produced by the species in which the orthologs originate. To address this knowledge gap, we used a mutant complementation-heterologous expression analysis to assess whether orthologs of three trichothecene biosynthetic P450s (TRI11, TRI13 and TRI22) from Fusarium sporotrichioides, Trichoderma arundinaceum, and Paramyrothecium roridum can modify trichothecene biosynthetic intermediates that they do not encounter in the organism in which they originated. The results indicate that TRI13 and TRI22 could not modify the intermediates that they do not normally encounter, whereas TRI11 could modify an intermediate that it does not normally encounter. These findings indicate that substrate promiscuity varies among trichothecene biosynthetic P450s. One structural feature that likely impacts the ability of the P450s to use biosynthetic intermediates as substrates is the presence and absence of an oxygen atom attached to carbon atom 3 of EPT.

Acalasia o hipertrofia del músculo Cricofaríngeo: opciones de tratamiento

La disfagia alta es un síntoma frecuente de consulta al otorrinolaringólogo o gastroenteròlogo. Los diagnósticos diferenciales son trastornos de la deglución por daño neurològico, anillos esofágicos superiores, globus faríngeo, neoplasia, disfagia lusoria y trastornos motores inespecífico y otras más raras aún. Hay escasa literatura actualizada en pacientes adultos. El diagnóstico se basa en el estudio radiológico baritado, endoscopia y complementariamente con manometría. Las opciones de tratamiento son motivo de discusión, dada la poca evidencia disponible. En este artículo se presentan los resultados observados en una cohorte de 10 pacientes con diagnóstico confirmado de acalasia del cricofaríngeo sometidos a dilatación endoscópica (7 pacientes) o miotomía quirúrgica por cervicotomía (3 pacientes). Se evaluó evolución de la disfagia, complicaciones post procedimiento y resultados a largo plazo. No hubo complicaciones mayores, la disfagia mejoro en ambos grupos, en el grupo de dilatación se complementó el tratamiento con dilataciones periódicas en 2 pacientes. No hubo diferencias significativas en los 2 grupos estudiados. Conclusión: ambas opciones terapéuticas presentan buenos resultados en el tratamiento de estos pacientes.

Dysphagia at cervical level is a frequent symptom causing visit to otolaryngologist or gastroenterologist. The differential diagnoses are swallowing disorders due to neurological damage, upper esophageal rings, pharyngeal globus, neoplasia, non-specific motor disorders and other even rarer ones. There is little updated literature in adult patients. The diagnosis is based on the barium radiological study, endoscopy and complementary manometry. Treatment options are a matter of discussion, given the little evidence available. This paper presents the results observed in a cohort of 10 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of cricopharyngeal achalasia who underwent endoscopic dilation (7 patients) or surgical myotomy by cervicotomy (3 patients). The evolution of dysphagia, post-procedure complications and long-term results were evaluated. There were no major complications, dysphagia improved in both groups, in the dilation group the treatment was supplemented with periodic dilations in 2 patients. There were no significant differences in the 2 groups studied. Conclusion: both therapeutic options present good results in the treatment of these patients.

Fetal Goiter Diagnosed in a Euthyroid Patient: An Unusual Presentation of the Fetal Thyroid Disease.

Fetal thyroid disease is rare, and the disease is mostly contextualized in the setting of a treated maternal thyroid disease. The presentation of thyroid disease in the fetus of a euthyroid mother is unusual. This paper presents the case of a 21-week pregnant woman with an incidental finding from a detailed anatomy ultrasound and evaluates available diagnostic and therapeutic management options. There is no consensus with sufficient evidence given the unusual presentation of this type of pathology. In most cases, the evidence is in the etiology of a mother with previous thyroid pathology that modifies the fetal outcome. Hence, it is important to describe cases to accumulate and, at some point, sufficient evidence of different treatments, with the intention of improving the quality of the recommendations. The management of fetal euthyroid goiter is a complex challenge. Most specialists manage the information on a case-by-case basis, with the same general goals as in patients with other thyroid pathologies.

Effects of trichothecene production by Trichoderma arundinaceum isolates from bean-field soils on the defense response, growth and development of bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris).

The trichothecene toxin-producing fungus Trichoderma arundinaceum has potential as a biological control agent. However, most biocontrol studies have focused only on one strain, IBT 40837. In the current study, three Trichoderma isolates recovered from bean-field soils produced the trichothecene harzianum A (HA) and trichodermol, the latter being an intermediate in the HA biosynthesis. Based on phylogenetic analysis, the three isolates were assigned to the species T. arundinaceum. Their genome sequences had a high degree of similarity to the reference IBT 40837 strain, in terms of total genome size, number of predicted genes, and diversity of putative secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters. HA production by these bean-field isolates conferred significant in vitro antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, which are some of the most important bean pathogens. Furthermore, the bean-field isolates stimulated germination of bean seeds and subsequent growth of above ground parts of the bean plant. Transcriptomic analysis of bean plants inoculated with these T. arundinaceum bean-field soil isolates indicated that HA production significantly affected expression of plant defense-related genes; this effect was particularly significant in the expression of chitinase-encoding genes. Together, these results indicate that Trichoderma species producing non-phytotoxic trichothecenes can induce defenses in plants without negatively affecting germination and development.

Effect of Farnesol in Trichoderma Physiology and in Fungal-Plant Interaction.

Farnesol is an isoprenoid intermediate in the mevalonate (MVA) pathway and is produced by the dephosphorylation of farnesyl diphosphate. Farnesol plays a central role in cell growth and differentiation, controls production of ubiquinone and ergosterol, and participates in the regulation of filamentation and biofilm formation. Despite these important functions, studies of farnesol in filamentous fungi are limited, and information on its effects on antifungal and/or biocontrol activity is scarce. In the present article, we identified the Trichoderma harzianum gene dpp1, encoding a diacylglycerol pyrophosphatase that catalyzes production of farnesol from farnesol diphosphate. We analyzed the function of dpp1 to address the importance of farnesol in Trichoderma physiology and ecology. Overexpression of dpp1 in T. harzianum caused an expected increase in farnesol production as well as a marked change in squalene and ergosterol levels, but overexpression did not affect antifungal activity. In interaction with plants, a dpp1-overexpressing transformant acted as a sensitizing agent in that it up-regulated expression of plant defense salicylate-related genes in the presence of a fungal plant pathogen. In addition, toxicity of farnesol on Trichoderma and plants was examined. Finally, a phylogenetic study of dpp1 was performed to understand its evolutionary history as a primary metabolite gene. This article represents a step forward in the acquisition of knowledge on the role of farnesol in fungal physiology and in fungus-environment interactions.

Identification of polyketide synthase genes required for aspinolide biosynthesis in Trichoderma arundinaceum.

The fungus Trichoderma arundinaceum exhibits biological control activity against crop diseases caused by other fungi. Two mechanisms that likely contribute to this activity are upregulation of plant defenses and production of two types of antifungal secondary metabolites: the sesquiterpenoid harzianum A (HA) and the polyketide-derived aspinolides. The goal of the current study was to identify aspinolide biosynthetic genes as part of an effort to understand how these metabolites contribute to the biological control activity of T. arundinaceum. Comparative genomics identified two polyketide synthase genes (asp1 and asp2) that occur in T. arundinaceum and Aspergillus ochraceus, which also produces aspinolides. Gene deletion and biochemical analyses in T. arundinaceum indicated that both genes are required for aspinolide production: asp2 for formation of a 10-member lactone ring and asp1 for formation of a butenoyl subsituent at position 8 of the lactone ring. Gene expression and comparative genomics analyses indicated that asp1 and asp2 are located within a gene cluster that occurs in both T. arundinaceum and A. ochraceus. A survey of genome sequences representing 35 phylogenetically diverse Trichoderma species revealed that intact homologs of the cluster occurred in only two other species, which also produced aspinolides. An asp2 mutant inhibited fungal growth more than the wild type, but an asp1 mutant did not, and the greater inhibition by the asp2 mutant coincided with increased HA production. These findings indicate that asp1 and asp2 are aspinolide biosynthetic genes and that loss of either aspinolide or HA production in T. arundinaceum can be accompanied by increased production of the other metabolite(s). KEY POINTS: • Two polyketide synthase genes are required for aspinolide biosynthesis. • Blocking aspinolide production increases production of the terpenoid harzianum A. • Aspinolides and harzianum A act redundantly in antibiosis of T. arundinaceum.

Hispanic/Latino Perspectives on Hearing Loss and Hearing Healthcare: Focus Group Results.

OBJECTIVES: To better understand the hearing health learning needs of Hispanic/Latino adults by assessing hearing healthcare (HHC) knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors to inform the development of a culturally and linguistically appropriate self-management program. Through a series of focus groups with members of the target audience, this study explored knowledge about hearing loss and interventions, cultural facilitators and barriers to HHC utilization, and preferences for hearing health education and information delivery. Opinions were also received on patient education materials designed to increase self-efficacy for managing hearing loss in daily life. DESIGN: This work was guided by a practical framework of culturally competent interventions for addressing disparities in health and healthcare, centered on structural, clinical, and organizational barriers to care. A hybrid individualistic social psychology and social constructionist approach was used to build programmatic theory related to the primary research objective. Focus group goals were to generate a combination of personal opinions and collective experiences from participants with an a priori plan to analyze data using combined content analysis/grounded theory methods. Purposive sampling was used to select 31 participants who were Spanish-speaking, identified as Hispanic/Latino, and who had normal hearing or self-reported hearing difficulties. Thirteen focus groups were conducted using Microsoft Teams, and each group was audio and video recorded for later off-line transcription, translation, and analysis. A constant comparison approach was used to systematically organize focus group data into a structured format for interpretation. Transcripts were coded independently by two investigators, and emergent themes were derived and interpreted from the coded data. RESULTS: Major and minor themes tied to the framework for culturally competent interventions included those related to sociocultural barriers to care. Structural barriers, including inconsistent access to quality care, lack of culturally and linguistically appropriate patient education materials, appointment wait times and intake processes, and referrals to specialty care, were most frequently experienced by participants. Clinical barriers most frequently cited were a lack of culturally and linguistically congruent healthcare providers and lack of language access during healthcare visits. Other major themes included hearing loss lived experiences, family and familism, and hearing-related patient education needs and preferences. CONCLUSIONS: Focus group results were integrated into a Spanish-language hearing loss self-management program that is currently being evaluated in a randomized controlled trial. The themes uncovered provided insight regarding the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about hearing loss and HHC, including hearing-related learning needs, of Hispanic/Latino adults in this sample.

Detailed analysis of the D-galactose catabolic pathways in Aspergillus niger reveals complexity at both metabolic and regulatory level.

The current impetus towards a sustainable bio-based economy has accelerated research to better understand the mechanisms through which filamentous fungi convert plant biomass, a valuable feedstock for biotechnological applications. Several transcription factors have been reported to control the polysaccharide degradation and metabolism of the resulting sugars in fungi. However, little is known about their individual contributions, interactions and crosstalk. D-galactose is a hexose sugar present mainly in hemicellulose and pectin in plant biomass. Here, we study D-galactose conversion by Aspergillus niger and describe the involvement of the arabinanolytic and xylanolytic activators AraR and XlnR, in addition to the D-galactose-responsive regulator GalX. Our results deepen the understanding of the complexity of the filamentous fungal regulatory network for plant biomass degradation and sugar catabolism, and facilitate the generation of more efficient plant biomass-degrading strains for biotechnological applications.

Remisión a largo plazo de la hipertensión portopulmonar mediante trasplante hepático en paciente con cirrosis asociada a hepatitis autoinmune / Long term remission of portopulmonary hypertension with liver transplantation in a patient with cirrhosis associated to autoimmune hepatitis

La hipertensión portopulmonar (HTPP) es una complicación infrecuente de la hipertensión portal, que sigue un curso progresivo con un pronóstico sombrío. Los reportes en pacientes pediátricos son escasos y con períodos de seguimiento cortos. Se describe una paciente con cirrosis descompensada que desarrolló HTPP resuelta mediante trasplante hepático, que permanece asintomática tras diez años de seguimiento.

Portopulmonary hypertension is an uncommon complication of portal hypertension, running a progressive course with a negative prognosis. Reports in pediatric patients are scarce with short follow up. We describe the case of decompensated cirrhosis who developed PoPH and resolved with liver transplantation, remaining asymptomatic after ten years of follow up.

Long term remission of portopulmonary hypertension with liver transplantation in a patient with cirrhosis associated to autoimmune hepatitis. / Remisión a largo plazo de la hipertensión portopulmonar mediante trasplante hepático en paciente con cirrosis asociada a hepatitis autoinmune.

Portopulmonary hypertension is an uncommon complication of portal hypertension, running a progressive course with a negative prognosis. Reports in pediatric patients are scarce with short follow up. We describe the case of decompensated cirrhosis who developed PoPH and resolved with liver transplantation, remaining asymptomatic after ten years of follow up.

La hipertensión portopulmonar (HTPP) es una complicación infrecuente de la hipertensión portal, que sigue un curso progresivo con un pronóstico sombrío. Los reportes en pacientes pediátricos son escasos y con períodos de seguimiento cortos. Se describe una paciente con cirrosis descompensada que desarrolló HTPP resuelta mediante trasplante hepático, que permanece asintomática tras diez años de seguimiento.

Emergence and Spread of a B.1.1.28-Derived P.6 Lineage with Q675H and Q677H Spike Mutations in Uruguay.

Uruguay controlled the viral dissemination during the first nine months of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Unfortunately, towards the end of 2020, the number of daily new cases exponentially increased. Herein, we analyzed the country-wide genetic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 between November 2020 and April 2021. We identified that the most prevalent viral variant during the first epidemic wave in Uruguay (December 2020-February 2021) was a B.1.1.28 sublineage carrying Spike mutations Q675H + Q677H, now designated as P.6, followed by lineages P.2 and P.7. P.6 probably arose around November 2020, in Montevideo, Uruguay's capital department, and rapidly spread to other departments, with evidence of further local transmission clusters; it also spread sporadically to the USA and Spain. The more efficient dissemination of lineage P.6 with respect to P.2 and P.7 and the presence of mutations (Q675H and Q677H) in the proximity of the key cleavage site at the S1/S2 boundary suggest that P.6 may be more transmissible than other lineages co-circulating in Uruguay. Although P.6 was replaced by the variant of concern (VOC) P.1 as the predominant lineage in Uruguay since April 2021, the monitoring of the concurrent emergence of Q675H + Q677H in VOCs should be of worldwide interest.

Real-Time Genomic Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern, Uruguay.

We developed a genomic surveillance program for real-time monitoring of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern (VOCs) in Uruguay. We report on a PCR method for SARS-CoV-2 VOCs, the surveillance workflow, and multiple independent introductions and community transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 P.1 VOC in Uruguay.

Recurrent Dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 Through the Uruguayan-Brazilian Border.

Uruguay is one of the few countries in the Americas that successfully contained the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) epidemic during the first half of 2020. Nevertheless, the intensive human mobility across the dry border with Brazil is a major challenge for public health authorities. We aimed to investigate the origin of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) strains detected in Uruguayan localities bordering Brazil as well as to measure the viral flux across this ∼1,100 km uninterrupted dry frontier. Using complete SARS-CoV-2 genomes from the Uruguayan-Brazilian bordering region and phylogeographic analyses, we inferred the virus dissemination frequency between Brazil and Uruguay and characterized local outbreak dynamics during the first months (May-July) of the pandemic. Phylogenetic analyses revealed multiple introductions of SARS-CoV-2 Brazilian lineages B.1.1.28 and B.1.1.33 into Uruguayan localities at the bordering region. The most probable sources of viral strains introduced to Uruguay were the Southeast Brazilian region and the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Some of the viral strains introduced in Uruguayan border localities between early May and mid-July were able to locally spread and originated the first outbreaks detected outside the metropolitan region. The viral lineages responsible for Uruguayan urban outbreaks were defined by a set of between four and 11 mutations (synonymous and non-synonymous) with respect to the ancestral B.1.1.28 and B.1.1.33 viruses that arose in Brazil, supporting the notion of a rapid genetic differentiation between SARS-CoV-2 subpopulations spreading in South America. Although Uruguayan borders have remained essentially closed to non-Uruguayan citizens, the inevitable flow of people across the dry border with Brazil allowed the repeated entry of the virus into Uruguay and the subsequent emergence of local outbreaks in Uruguayan border localities. Implementation of coordinated bi-national surveillance systems is crucial to achieve an efficient control of the SARS-CoV-2 spread across this kind of highly permeable borderland regions around the world.

Skull pathology in 10 cats with patellar fracture and dental anomaly syndrome.

CASE SERIES SUMMARY: The aim of this case series is to describe the clinical and radiological features of mandibular and maxillary abnormalities in cats diagnosed with patellar fractures and dental anomalies, a condition that we have named 'patellar fracture and dental anomaly syndrome' (PADS), also known previously as 'knees and teeth syndrome'. Where available, clinical records, skull and/or intraoral dental radiographs, head CT images, microbiology and histopathology reports were collected, and follow-up was obtained. Ten cats with mandibular or maxillary abnormalities were identified. Common clinical features included multiple persistent deciduous teeth, gingivitis and swellings of the jaw. Skull radiographs were available for 7/10 cats and head CT images were available for one cat. Findings included marked bony and periosteal proliferation, hypodontia, root resorption, root malformation and unerupted permanent teeth. Where available, microbiology and histopathology results were consistent with osteomyelitis. RELEVANCE AND NOVEL INFORMATION: Mandibular and maxillary abnormalities are an additional unreported clinical feature of the rare condition that we have termed PADS. Radiologically, these lesions can have an aggressive appearance, which can mimic neoplasia. Medical management with antibiotic and anti-inflammatory therapy improves clinical signs in the short term; however, surgical extraction of persistent deciduous and unerupted permanent teeth, and debridement of proliferative and necrotic bone appear to be necessary for an improved outcome. Additional information on long-term outcome is required.

Incidence and types of preceding and subsequent fractures in cats with patellar fracture and dental anomaly syndrome.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to document the incidence of preceding and subsequent fractures to the patellar fractures in cats with patellar fractures and dental anomaly syndrome. METHODS: Records of cats with patellar fracture and dental anomaly syndrome were retrieved from the combined databases at the University of Bristol, UK, and Exclusively Cats Veterinary Hospital, USA. A request was made to complete a questionnaire to obtain long-term follow-up of these cats with respect to their current status and fractures to other bones; radiographs and histories were requested and were reviewed for treatment of ongoing fractures and outcome. RESULTS: Of the 191 cases reported with this syndrome, 92 cats (48.2%) had dental anomalies and 78 (40.8%) had fractures to other bones; 21 cats sustained the fractures preceding the patellar fractures and 57 subsequently. In total, there were 175 fractures: acetabulum (25%), tibia (22%), ischium (15.4%), humeral condyle (13.7%), calcaneus (5.1%), ilium (5.1%), pubis (3.4%) and other bones (10.2%). The majority of these fractures were characteristic of insufficiency (stress) fractures with a very similar configuration in each bone. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: A high proportion of cats with patellar fracture and dental anomaly syndrome will have preceding or subsequent fractures to their patellar fractures. In this study, >10% of cats suffered characteristic fractures preceding the patellar fractures. The presence of these fractures should alert the veterinarian to the possibility that the cat is affected by patellar fracture and dental anomaly syndrome.

Prevalencia del Síndrome de Burnout académico en el estudiantado de Enfermería de la Universidad de Costa Rica / Burnout syndrome prevalence in academic nursing student at the University of Costa Rica / Prevalência da Síndrome de Burnout acadêmico nos estudantes de Enfermagem da Universidade de Costa Rica

ResumenIntroducción.El síndrome de Burnout se suele investigar más en el área laboral, sin embargo quienes trabajan no son los únicos individuos que sufren de este síndrome, también muchos estudiantes se encuentran inmersos en esta situación, debido a la carga tanto académica como personal que requiere cumplir con todos los requisitos universitarios.Metodología. La población está formada por el estudiantado de la carrera de Licenciatura en Enfermería, de Escuela de Enfermería de la Universidad de Costa Rica. El diseño metodológico es cuantitativo, no experimental, con alcance descriptivo transeccional.Resultado. el 18,8% de la población estudiada presenta el sindromé de Burnout académicoConclusión.la mayoría de la población presenta síntomas físicos como dolores de cabeza, trastornos del sueño y problemas osteomusculares. Además de síntomas conductuales como irritabilidad, nerviosismo, sentimientos de vacío y soledad, y síntomas cognoscitivos, como dificultad para concentrarse y mayor sensibilidad a la crítica que a la larga pueden ser el camino abierto a otros padecimientos tanto físicos como psiquiátricos.

AbstractIntroduction.The burnout syndrome is usually more researched in the workplace, but those working are not the only individuals who suffer from this syndrome, also many students are immersed in this situation, due to both academic load and personnel required to meet all university requirements.Method.The population is made by the students of the Bachelor of Nursing, School of Nursing at the University of Costa Rica. The design methodology is quantitative, not experimental, with transeccional descriptive scope.Results. 18.8% of the study population presents academic Burnout syndromeConclusion. Most of the population has physical symptoms such as headaches, sleep disorders and musculoskeletal problems. In addition to behavioral symptoms such as irritability, nervousness, feelings of emptiness and loneliness, and cognitive symptoms such as difficulty concentrating and increased sensitivity to criticism that eventually may be open to other ailments both physical and psychiatric way.

ResumoIntrodução. A síndrome de Burnout é investigada mais na área trabalhista, no entanto, as pessoas que trabalham não são os únicos indivíduos que sofrem desta síndrome, também muitos estudantes se encontram imersos nesta situação, devido a carga tanto acadêmica como pessoal que requerem para cumprir com todos os requisitos universitários.Método. A população está formada por estudantes da carreira de Licenciatura em Enfermagem, da Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade de Costa Rica. O desenho metodológico é quantitativo, não experimental, com alcance descritivo transeccional.Resultado. 18,8% da população estudada apresenta a síndrome de Burnout acadêmicoConclusão. A maioria da população apresenta sintomas físicos como dores de cabeça, trastornos do sono e problemas osteomusculares. Ademais dos sintomas de conduta como irritabilidade, nervosismo, sentimentos de vazio e solidão, e sintomas cognoscitivos, como dificuldade para se concentrar e maior sensibilidade a crítica que com o tempo, podem se tornar caminho aberto a outros padecimentos tanto físicos como psiquiátricos.

Géneros discursivos y errores más frecuentes en los informes académicos de estudiantes de enfermería / Discourse genres and most frequent mistakes in academic reports of nursing students

Objetivo. Describir los géneros discursivos y los errores más comunes en la construcción de textos académicos por los estudiantes de enfermería de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Metodología. Estudio cualitativo realizado en 2006 en el que se seleccionaron 68 informes (27 individuales y 41 grupales), para identificar, por una parte, el género predominante en cada texto se realizó la caracterización de los informes, atendiendo a criterios textuales, discursivos y pragmáticos; y por otra parte, para evaluar los errores más frecuentes. Para este efecto, se tuvo en cuenta el curso de procedencia. Las categorías de problemas o errores se obtuvieron por saturación. Resultados. Los géneros discursivos utilizados frecuentemente por los alumnos son los reportes de caso y los estudios bibliográficos. Los problemas en la construcción del texto se relacionaron principalmente con: uso inadecuado de vocabulario, informalidad académica y deficiente construcción de oraciones. Conclusión. El nivel de desarrollo de habilidades de escritura es descriptivo, Las deficiencias presentadas merecen ser estudiadas con el fin de desarrollar estrategias que ayuden a superarlas.

Objective. To describe discourse genres most frequently used, and the most common mistakes in the construction of academic texts of nursing students of the Catholic University of Chile. Methodology. Qualitative study carried out in 2006. 68 papers (27 individuals and 41 groups) were chosen. To identify the main genre in each text, the paper was characterized taking into account textual, discursive and pragmatic criteria. To identify the most frequent mistakes, they were reviewed according to the course they came from. Problems or mistakes categories were obtained by saturation. Results. Discourse genres most frequently used by the students are case reports and bibliographic studies. Problems in the construction of the text were mainly linked to: inappropriate use of vocabulary, academic informality, and deficient construction of sentences. Conclusion. The level of development of writing abilities is descriptive, existing deficiencies that deserve to be studied, aiming to develop strategies to decrease this problem.

Objetivo. Descrever os gêneros discursivos mais frequentemente utilizados e os erros mais comuns na construção de textos acadêmicos dos estudantes de enfermagem da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Chile. Metodologia. Estudo qualitativo realizado em 2006 no que se selecionaram 68 relatórios (27 individuais e 41 grupais). Para reconhecer o gênero predominante em cada texto se realizou a caracterização do relatório atendendo a critérios textuais, discursivos e pragmáticos. Para identificar os erros mais frequentes, revisaram-se de acordo ao curso do que procediam. As categorias de problemas ou erros se obtiveram por saturação. Resultados. Os gêneros discursivos mais frequentemente utilizados pelos alunos são os reportes de caso e os estudos bibliográficos. Os problemas na construção do texto se relacionaram principalmente com: uso inadequado de vocabulário, informalidade acadêmica e deficiente construção de orações. Conclusão. O nível de desenvolvimento de habilidades de escritura é descritivo, existindo deficiências que merecem ser estudadas com o fim de desenvolver estratégias que ajudem a diminuir este problema