Dual-Target Radiosurgery for Concomitant Continuous Pain Presentation of Trigeminal Neuralgia: Radiomodulation Effect and Dose.

OBJECTIVES: Patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN) experience concomitant continuous pain (CCP) that can be difficult to treat. A dual-target approach delivering a high dose of radiation to the nerve and the contralateral thalamus can develop a fast radiomodulation effect on lowering pain. We sought to determine if this effect was dose dependent. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 21 patients treated with radiosurgery in CCP and severe TN pain, with a visual analog scale (VAS) score of nine out of 10 at the time of treatment. Ten patients were treated with a high dose (>120 Gy) in the thalamus 90 Gy to the nerve, and the rest with a low dose (<120 Gy) to the thalamus and >90 Gy to the nerve. RESULTS: Of those who received the high dose to the thalamus, six patients (60%) received 140 Gy, and four (40%) received 120 Gy, with a median dose to the trigeminal nerve of 90 and 85 Gy, respectively. The high thalamus dose showed a radiomodulation effect from day 1. The low thalamus dose did not produce radiomodulation on any of the first four days. The percentage of VAS score reduction one month after treatment was higher in the high-thalamus dose group than in the low-thalamus dose group. At three months, VAS score was 2 in the high-dose group and 4 in the low-dose group. CONCLUSIONS: The radiomodulation effect in pain and dual-target radiosurgery is dose dependent in CCP in TN; a high dose can provide a more consistent clinical result than a lower dose.

Garzapelta muelleri gen. et sp. nov., a new aetosaur (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) from the Late Triassic (middle Norian) middle Cooper Canyon Formation, Dockum Group, Texas, USA, and its implications on our understanding of the morphological disparity of the aetosaurian dorsal carapace.

The Late Triassic Dockum Group in northwestern Texas preserves a rich diversity of pseudosuchian taxa, particularly of aetosaurs. In this contribution, we present Garzapelta muelleri gen. et sp. nov., a new aetosaur from the Late Triassic middle Cooper Canyon Formation (latest Adamanian-earliest Revueltian teilzones) in Garza County, Texas, based on an associated specimen that preserves a significant portion of its dorsal carapace. The carapace of G. muelleri exhibits a striking degree of similarity between that of the paratypothoracin Rioarribasuchus chamaensis and desmatosuchins. We quantitatively assessed the relationships of G. muelleri using several iterations of the matrix. Scoring the paramedian and lateral osteoderms of G. muelleri independently results in conflicting topologies. Thus, it is evident that our current matrix is limited in its ability to discern the convergence within this new taxon and that our current character lists are not fully accounting for the morphological disparity of the aetosaurian carapace. Qualitative comparisons suggest that G. muelleri is a Rioarribasuchus-like paratypothoracin with lateral osteoderms that are convergent with those of desmatosuchins. Although the shape of the dorsal eminence, and the presence of a dorsal flange that is rectangular and proportionately longer than the lateral flange are desmatosuchin-like features of G. muelleri, the taxon does not exhibit the articulation style between the paramedian and lateral osteoderms which diagnose the Desmatosuchini (i.e., a rigid interlocking contact, and an anteromedial edge of the lateral osteoderm that overlaps the adjacent paramedian osteoderm).

Incongruent ontogenetic maturity indicators in a Late Triassic archosaur (Aetosauria: Typothorax coccinarum).

Maximum individual body size in pseudosuchian archosaurs is not well constrained in the fossil record, but it may be influenced by a variety of factors including basal metabolic rate, evolutionary relationships, and environmental conditions. Body size varies among the Aetosauria in which estimated total length ranges between 1 m (e.g., Coahomasuchus kahleorum) and 5 m (e.g., Desmatosuchus spurensis). A new, very large specimen of the aetosaurian Typothorax coccinarum from Petrified Forest National Park in northeastern Arizona is nearly twice the size of all other known specimens of Typothorax and is the largest aetosaur specimen currently known worldwide. The specimen lacks co-ossified neurocentral sutures in the trunk vertebrae which may suggest that the individual had not yet reached skeletal maturity, yet smaller specimens of T. coccinarum exhibit partially or fully co-ossified neurocentral sutures in the same region. If body size correlates with skeletal maturity in aetosaurs, this discrepancy warns that timing of neurocentral suture co-ossification in aetosaurs may not be a reliable indicator of ontogenetic stage. Osteohistological observations of a trunk rib demonstrate that although PEFO 42506 shows a large body size, the specimen did not deposit an external fundamental system despite depositing as many as 19 growth lines, further indicating that it had not yet reached skeletal maturity. Thus, at least within Aetosauria, neurocentral suture co-ossification and skeletal maturity may correlate, whereas body size can be incongruent in comparison. Furthermore, this specimen indicates that non-desmatosuchin aetosaurs could exhibit large body sizes and suggests that some aetosaurs may have experienced indeterminate growth.

Comparación dosimétrica en radiocirugía intracraneal entre Cyberknife y un bisturí de rayos gamma y su puesta en marcha Centroamérica / Dosimetric comparison in intracranial radiosurgery between Cyberknife and a gamma knife and its implementation Central America

Introducción: La dupla Cyberknife y bisturí de rayos gamma (Infini) que se describe es la primera en Latinoamérica. Ambas máquinas han mostrado ser los mejores equipos para radiocirugía intracraneal. Se describe la experiencia inicial de Cyberknife en Centroamérica y su incorporación a un programa existente de bisturí de rayos gamma por vía de análisis comparativos dosimétricos. Material y método: En el año 2019 se realizaron planes comparativos y se trataron 180 pacientes con radiocirugía intracraneal con ambos sistemas tanto en patología tumoral, como vascular y funcional. Resultados: En el análisis dosimétrico comparativo en el gradiente de dosis de Infini mostró ser superior a Cyberknife en todos los casos. Para una esfera utilizando el colimador de 4 mm en Infini y de 5 mm en Cyberknife utilizando un plan isocéntrico con el -Trigeminal Path- el gradiente de dosis para Infini fue de 1.5 y para Cyberknife de 1.66. Para los casos de patología el gradiente de dosis media para Infini fue de 3 mm y para Cyberknife de 3.8 mm. Dando un puntaje de gradiente de dosis (Gradient Score Index) si Infini fuese de 100, Cyberknife obtuvo 87.3. Cyberknife mostró mejor conformalidad y cobertura (97% versus 96%) para todos los targets. Entre enero 2019 y enero 2020 se realizaron 180 radiocirugías, 60 con Cyberknife y 120 con Infini, 60 pacientes recibieron 146 sesiones con Cyberknife, radiocirugía fraccionada 39 (65%) y 21 (35%) en sesión única. Las dosis medias en tumores en dosis única fue 15 Gy (12.5 a 25 Gy) y en radiocirugía fraccionada 21 Gy (18 y 35). Ningún paciente ha experimentado toxicidad mayor a grado dos. Conclusiones: El bisturí de rayos gamma rotatorio reveló superioridad en gradiente de dosis con relación al Cyberknife. En su primer año Cyberknife ha mostrado ser una herramienta segura en el tratamiento de patología intracraneal. Más seguimiento clínico y radiológico es necesario para verificar su efectividad comparativa

Introduction: The match between Cyberknife and Infini here described in this article is the first in Latinamerica. Both machines have proven to be the best for intracranial radiosurgery, we describe our initial experience with Cyberknife in Central America and how it was incorporated in an existing gamma ray program by ways of dosimetry comparisons. Methods: During 2019 comparative plans were made and a total of 180 patients received intracranial radiosurgery with both technologies, patients were treated for tumors, vascular anomalies, and functional pathology. Results: Basic dosimetry analysis regarding dose gradient the Infini proved superior to Cyberknife in all plans. For a sphere using the 4 mm collimator in Infini and the 5 mm in Cyberknife along with an isocentric plan using the -Trigeminal Path- dose gradient was 1.5 for Infini and 1.66 for Cyberknife. For the pathology cases Infini was 3 mm and for Cyberknife 3.8 mm on mean. Giving a Gradient Score Index (GSI) if Infini would be 100, Cyberknife would be 87.3. Cyberknife showed better conformality and coverage for all pathology targets (97% versus 96%). From January 2019 to January 2020, 180 intracranial radiosurgeries were done, 60 with Cyberknife and 120 with Infini, 60 patients received 146 sessions with Cyberknife, fractionated scheme 39 (65%) and 21 (35%) single dose. The median dose for tumors was 15 Gy (12.5 a 25 Gy) for single session and 21 Gy (18 y 35) for fractionated scheme. No patient experienced a higher toxicity tan grade two. Conclusions: In its first year Cyberknife has shown to be safe in treating intracranial pathology. Infini had a better dose gradient than Cyberknife. Longer clinical and radiological follow-up is needed to verify its comparative effectiveness.

Two-Session Radiosurgery for Large Primary Tumors Affecting the Brain.

Introduction Surgery is an option for patients with large, symptomatic primary tumors affecting the brain. However, surgery might not be suitable for all tumors, especially those located in sensitive areas such as the pineal region and the hypothalamus. Single-session stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) might not provide an adequate dose for long-term local control due to the initial tumor volume and the involvement of radiation sensitive organs at risk (OARs). Two-session radiosurgery has been described as a feasible strategy for dose escalation in large secondary brain tumors. This report describes a series of patients treated upfront with two-session radiosurgery for primary tumors affecting the brain. Materials and methods From May 2017 to January 2020, eight patients with primary tumors affecting the brain were treated with two-session radiosurgery due to either an initial large tumor volume or tumor localization and the involvement of OARs. The response was assessed by imaging and clinical evaluations. Results A total of eight patients were treated, nine tumors were treated with two-session radiosurgery, four patients had tumors in the pineal region (50%), and the rest were in the hypothalamic region (25%) or elsewhere. The mean tumor volume for the first SRS session was 15 mL (range 5.2 to 51.6 mL), the mean prescription dose was 13 Gy, and the timespan between both sessions was 30 days (range, 30 to 42 days). During the second session, tumor volume was reduced to 73.6% (range, -20% to 98.7%) of the original dimension, mean tumor volume was 5 mL (range, 0.1 to 17.8 ml), mean prescription dose for the second session was 16.2 Gy estimated by time, dose, and fractionation and by bioequivalent dose under alpha-beta values often to be equivalent to a single dose of 15.8 Gy. Doses to the OARs for the optic pathway were equivalent to a single maximum dose of 9.75 Gy (range, 7.12 to 10.92), and to the brainstem, the equivalent was a maximum dose of 12.3 Gy (range, 5.6 to 15.07). At last follow-up, at a mean of 336.5 days (range, 65 to 962 days), seven patients were alive, five tumors had a partial response (PR), and three had stable disease in accordance to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria. One patient died 435 days after treatment, the Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) was 90 at the first session, 90 at the second session, and was maintained at last follow-up. No adverse radiation effects were reported. Conclusions Two-stage SRS proved to be a safe method to escalate dose in proportionately large volume primary brain tumors whose histology is expected to have a quick biological response to radiation. Longer follow-up is needed to determine the long-term effectiveness by tumor subtypes of two-stage SRS in the same manner as it has been proven in single session SRS series in smaller tumor volumes.

Metástasis sintomáticas en cerebro superiores a 8. 5 cm3 manejados con radiocirugía / Symptomatic brain metastases greater than 8.5 cm3 managed with radiosurgery

Introducción: Las recomendaciones en el manejo de metástasis superiores a 2 cm especialmente las sintomáticas sugieren cirugía como primera opción. En el presente artículo se discute el papel de radiocirugía como primer manejo de estos pacientes. Material y método: Se evaluaron 37 pacientes sintomáticos con lesiones metastásicas superiores a 8.5 cc tratados con radiocirugía entre el 2011 y el 2018. Resultados: La media de volumen fue de 12.5 cc (8.5-78.4), 9 (24%) pacientes fueron tratados utilizando LINAC, el volumen medio fue de 20 cc (9.2-70 cc). Los tratamientos con Gamma-Ray fueron administrados a 28 (76%) pacientes, 9 (32%) de ellos en protocolo de radiocirugía adaptativa, la dosis para todo el grupo fue de 13.8 Gy (7.5-18 Gy), con dosis media de 17.9 Gy, el volumen medio fue de 16.3 cc (8.5-78.4 cc) para gamma. El Karnofsky al inicio era de 60 (50-70) y de 80 (60-100) a los 30 días (P=0.0001). A los 30 días, 95% de las lesiones habían reducido su tamaño en un 74% (11-95%). La sobrevida media de la serie fue de 19 meses (4-34), el riesgo acumulado de muerte del SNC fue de 5.4%. Conclusiones: Radiocirugía en nuestra experiencia ha mostrado ser eficaz en el control de metástasis a cerebro de gran tamaño, reduciendo la necesidad de cirugí

Introduction: Current recommendations with regards to metastases larger than 2 cm specially in symptomatic patients suggest surgery as a first choice. We analyze the role of upfront radiosurgery as first line of treatment in such patients. Methods: 37 symptomatic patients that harbored tumors greater than 8.5 cc in volume were treated from 2011 to January 2018. Results: The median tumor volume was 12.5 cc (8.5-78.4), 9 (24%) patients were treated with LINAC with a volume of 20 cc (9.2-70 cc). The treatments with GammaRay were administrated to 28 (76%) patients, 9 (32%) of them with adaptive radiosurgery protocol, the prescription dose for the gamma group was 13.8 Gy (7.5-18Gy) mean dose of 17.9 Gy (13.2-23.3 Gy) with a mean volume of 16.3 cc (8.5-78.4 cc). Karnofsky score was 60 (50-70) the day of treatment and 80 (60-100) at 30 days (P=0.0001). At 30 days, 95% of the tumors had reduced in size in a 74% (11-95%) for those evaluated. Median survival was 19 months (4-34), with an accumulative risk of death from central nervous progression of 5.4%. Conclusions: Radiosurgery in our experience has shown to be effective in controlling large metastases, reducing the need for open surgery.

Stereotactic Gamma Ray Radiosurgery to the Centromedian and Parafascicular Complex of the Thalamus for Trigeminal Neuralgia and Other Complex Pain Syndromes.

Introduction We report our initial series of patients treated with radiosurgery to the Centromedian (CM) and Parafascicular (Pfc) Complex (CM-Pf) of the contralateral thalamus mainly for trigeminal neuralgia that had failed most known forms of conventional treatments. The coordinates were co-registered to a three-dimensional atlas of the thalamus in order to have a better comprehension of isodose curves distribution. Methods A fully automated rotating gamma ray unit was used to deliver a high dose of radiation (140 Gy) using a 4-mm collimator to the CM-Pf of the contralateral thalamus in 14 patients suffering from refractory trigeminal pain and other complex pain syndromes. The best stereotactic coordinates were plotted in a thalamic three-dimensional atlas space along with isodose curves corresponding to 50% of the dose prescription and the dose gradient. Results From November 2016 to July 2019, 14 patients experiencing severe forms of different pain syndromes were treated, and 10 were eligible for follow-up evaluation. Pain deriving from trigeminal neuralgia was present in the majority (80%) of patients and from other complex pain syndromes in the rest (20%). Median follow-up was 384 days (range: 30-994). The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score before treatment was 9 (range: 7-10) and standardized to 10. Before treatment, all the patients had a Barrow Neurological Institute Pain Scale (BNI) of 5 (V). The median years suffering from pain was 4.5 years (range: 1-15), the number of procedures including radiosurgery to the trigeminal nerve before thalamotomy was four (range: 1-10). Most patients (90%) reported some form of relief, the average VAS at the time of response was 3.5 (range: 0-9), and the average time to response was 67.3 days (range: 2-210). The neuromodulation effect of radiation was seen in 60% of patients. The average BNI score at response was 2.7 (range: 1-5). The final VAS score at last follow-up was 5.5 (range: 0-10) in six patients. In four patients (40%), the procedure had failed with a final BNI of IV, and V, three patients (30%) had excellent response (BNI of I), and three patients (30%) had worthwhile results with BNI of IIIa and IIIb. The total success rate (BNI of I to IIIb) was 60%, and the number of patients experiencing more than 50% of pain reduction at final follow-up was five (50%). Excluding both patients that were treated for pain outside of trigeminal neuralgia, 75% of the patients responded. The best coordinates on average were X: 5.5 mm from the thalamic border, Y: 3.7 mm anterior to the posterior commissure, and Z: 3.7 mm from the intercomissural line. There were no complications to report. Conclusion Radiosurgery to the CM-Pf of the thalamus was demonstrated to be a safe and relatively effective alternative to treat refractory trigeminal neuralgia. Further studies are needed to optimize target dimensions based on the three-dimensional studies of isodose curves as well as coordinates. Longer follow-up is necessary to evaluate recurrence rates that could not be reached.

Two-session Radiosurgery as Initial Treatment for Newly Diagnosed Large, Symptomatic Brain Metastases from Breast and Lung Histology.

Introduction Surgery is considered the treatment of choice for patients with large, symptomatic brain metastases. This report describes a series of patients treated with upfront two-session radiosurgery rather than surgery for large brain metastases from breast and lung histology. Methods From October 2016 to January 2019, 10 consecutive patients with neurologic symptoms from large brain metastases producing mass effects underwent two sessions of radiosurgical treatments 30 days apart. The response was assessed by imaging and clinical evaluations.  Results Ten patients had a total of 36 tumors; of these, 22 lesions with a mean volume of 12.3 ml (range, 7-78.4 ml) underwent two-session radiosurgery. The mean prescription dose for the first treatment was 13 Gy (range, 9-18 Gy) to the 50% isodose line, and the intratumoral mean dose was 17.9 Gy (12-22.9). All 10 patients had neurological symptoms, with a mean Karnofsky physical score (KPS) of 60 (range, 50-70) on the day of treatment. None of these patients required neurosurgical or emergency consultation related to worsening of neurological symptoms between the first and second treatments. At 30 days, the mean KPS was 80 and maintained at 80 at the last follow-up (range, 60-100; P=0.002), and mean lesion volume was 4.1 ml (range, 1.3-70 ml). The mean prescription dose for the second treatment was 12 Gy (range, 9-18 Gy) to the 50% isodose line, and the intratumoral mean dose was 17.9 Gy (11-22.4). The mean overall survival was 24 months (range, 3-32 months). At last follow-up, three patients (30%) had died, two of systemic progression and one of tumor progression, and at one year, local tumor control was 91% and 19 (86%) lesions showed documented local control at last follow up. In those tumors that progressed, the mean time to progression was eight months (range, 5-20 months), and the mean time to surgery was nine months (range, 5-32 months). Conclusion Two-session radiosurgery proved to be a safe treatment for patients with large, symptomatic metastases in this series. Neurological worsening after radiosurgery for large lesions of breast and lung histology may be an infrequent event. This strategy in radiosurgery may have neurological benefits for these patients providing adequate local tumor control while reducing the need of upfront surgery at diagnosis.

Automated Stereotactic Gamma Ray Radiosurgery to the Pituitary Gland in Terminally Ill Cancer Patients with Opioid Refractory Pain.

Introduction We report our initial series of terminally ill cancer patients treated with radiosurgery to the pituitary gland to alleviate pain. Methods A fully automated rotating gamma ray unit was used to deliver a high dose of radiation (150Gy) using an 8 mm collimator to the neurohypophysis in 11 patients suffering from opioid-refractory pain deriving from cancer. Results From November 2016 to November 2018, 11 patients were treated, and 10 were eligible for follow-up evaluation. Pain from bone metastases was present in 70%; others suffered from neuropathic and visceral pain. The median survival was 119.7 days (range: 32 to 370). The visual analogue scale (VAS) was nine (7-10) and standardized to 10; eight patients (80%) responded. The average VAS at the time of response was three (range: 1-6), and the average time to response was 2.8 days (range: 2-5). In the first week, 40% of the patients categorized the result as 'excellent', 30% deemed the result 'good', and 20% reported the result as 'poor'. One patient (10%) referred to the result as 'regular'. Those who responded were able to reduce their medications by at least 25%. The one-month average VAS score was five (range: 1-6), 60% reported a 'good' effect, 20% reported 'excellent' results, and 20% had no response. Of the study participants, 60% maintained their level of medicine consumption at lower than baseline. At the end of life, five patients (50%) presented substantial pain, two (20%) never had a therapeutic effect, and three (30%) died without substantial pain. There were no clinical complications that could be attributed directly to the treatment.  Conclusion Radiosurgery to the pituitary gland is effective and safe and warrants further investigation to understand its potential role in palliative care in cancer patients.

Abdomen agudo quirúrgico en el embarazo / Acute surgical abdomen in pregnancy

Introducción: el abdomen agudo quirúrgico es una entidad que de no resolverse quirúrgicamente causa la muerte en la mayoría de los casos y, en la mujer embarazada, resulta de especial interés ya que los síntomas y signos no se presentan de una manera típica. Objetivo: caracterizar el comportamiento del abdomen agudo quirúrgico en embarazadas en el servicio de Ginecobstetricia del Hospital General Docente Octavio de la Concepción y de la Pedraja del municipio Baracoa, Guantánamo. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal retrospectivo de 25 historias clínicas de pacientes embarazadas que presentaron un abdomen agudo quirúrgico en el período comprendido desde noviembre de 1996 hasta noviembre de 2005...

Introduction: acute surgical abdomen is an entity that, if not resolved surgically, causes death in most cases and, in pregnant women, it is of special interest since the symptoms and signs do not appear in a typical manner. Objective: to characterize the behavior of acute surgical abdomen in pregnant women in the gynecology service of the General Teaching Hospital Octavio de la Concepción y de la Pedraja in the municipality of Baracoa, Guantánamo. Method: a retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study of 25 clinical histories of pregnant patients who presented an acute surgical abdomen in the period from November 1996 to November 2005. Results: the group of 20-29 years of age had 64 percent of frequency followed by the group of 15-19 years, with 36 percent. Appendicitis was the most frequent cause of acute surgical abdomen with 10 cases, followed by acute cholecystitis and complicated ovarian cyst, both with 5 patients. This entity appeared in 68 percent of the patients who were in their second trimester of pregnancy, followed by the pregnant women of the third trimester, with 28 percent. There were symptoms of abdominal pain and tachycardia in 100 percent of the cases; nausea in 60 percent, and contracture and peritoneal reaction in 80 percent. Urosepsis was noted as a complication in 12 percent, sepsis of the surgical wound in 4 percent, for a morbidity rate of 20 percent, with a maternal mortality rate of 4%. Conclusions: the acute surgical abdomen presented with an incidence of 1.9 per 1000 pregnant women and more frequent in the ages between 20-29 years. Acute appendicitis, acute cholecystitis and complicated ovarian cyst are the diseases that most occurred in the acute surgical abdomen during the second trimester of pregnancy. The most frequent symptoms were: abdominal pain, contracture and peritoneal reaction. The highest percentage of cases was positive in the clinical diagnosis(AU)

Introdução: o abdome cirúrgico agudo é uma entidade que, se não resolvida cirurgicamente, causa a morte na maioria dos casos e, em gestantes, é de especial interesse, uma vez que os sintomas e sinais não aparecem de maneira típica. Objetivo: caracterizar o comportamento do abdome cirúrgico agudo em gestantes do serviço de ginecologia do Hospital Universitário "Octavio de la Concepción y de la Pedraja" no município de Baracoa, Guantánamo. Método: estudo retrospectivo transversal, descritivo, com 25 histórias clínicas de gestantes que apresentaram abdome cirúrgico agudo no período de novembro de 1996 a novembro de 2005. Resultados: o grupo de 20-29 anos de idade apresentou 64% de freqüência seguido pelo grupo de 15-19 anos, com 36%. Apendicite foi a causa mais freqüente de abdome cirúrgico agudo com 10 casos, seguido de colecistite aguda e cisto ovariano complicado, ambos com 5 pacientes. Essa entidade apareceu em 68% dos pacientes que estavam no segundo trimestre de gestação, seguidos pelas gestantes do terceiro trimestre, com 28%. Houve sintomas de dor abdominal e taquicardia em 100% dos casos; náusea em 60% e contratura e reação peritoneal em 80%. A urosepse foi notada como uma complicação em 12%, sepse da ferida cirúrgica em 4%, para uma taxa de morbidade de 20%, com uma taxa de mortalidade materna de 4%. Conclusões: o abdome cirúrgico agudo apresentou uma incidência de 1,9 por 1000 gestantes e mais frequente nas idades entre 20 a 29 anos. Apendicite aguda, colecistite aguda e cisto ovariano complicado são as doenças que mais ocorreram no abdome cirúrgico agudo durante o segundo trimestre da gravidez. Os sintomas mais frequentes foram: dor abdominal, contratura e reação peritoneal. O maior percentual de casos foi positivo no diagnóstico clínico(AU)

Dosimetry and Treatment Descriptions Using the First Completely Automated Stereotactic Intracranial Radiosurgery Rotating Gamma Ray Unit in America.

Introduction The objective is to report the dosimetry and safety profiles of the first fully automatized rotating gamma ray unit for intracranial radiosurgery in America. Methods Dosimetry tests were conducted by our institution using the standard of examination and calibration and the Intelligent γ Radiometer of the China Research Institute of Measurement. The phantom and dosimetry tests were performed by the Outreach Physics Section of MD Anderson Cancer Center and the Anchorage Radiation Therapy Center using the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) radiosurgery quality assurance guidelines. Clinically, 233 patients were treated. Results Mechanical precision was 0.16 mm and the offset registered at the phantom on all axes was 0.0. The ratio of the dose to the center was 0.97 (0.95-1.05), the ratio of the treated volume was 0.95 (0.75-1.25), the ratio of the measured treated volume to the volume of the target was 1.29 (1.00-2.00), the ratio of the minimal dose to the dose prescribed was 1.05 (>0.90), with a treated volume of 0.95 (0.75-1.25) and a minimum dose to target of 1.05 (>0.90). The dose rate at loading was 3.89 Gy per minute. None of the patients treated experienced severe complications. Conclusions The dosimetry studies are compliant with quality assurance standards for intracranial radiosurgery.

Abdomen agudo quirúrgico en el embarazo / Abdômen cirúrgico agudo na gravidez / Acute surgical abdomen in pregnancy

Introducción: el abdomen agudo quirúrgico es una entidad que de no resolverse quirúrgicamente causa la muerte en la mayoría de los casos y, en la mujer embarazada, resulta de especial interés ya que los síntomas y signos no se presentan de una manera típica. Objetivo: caracterizar el comportamiento del abdomen agudo quirúrgico en embarazadas en el servicio de Ginecobstetricia del Hospital General Docente Octavio de la Concepción y de la Pedraja del municipio Baracoa, Guantánamo. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal retrospectivo de 25 historias clínicas de pacientes embarazadas que presentaron un abdomen agudo quirúrgico en el período comprendido desde noviembre de 1996 hasta noviembre de 2005. Resultados: el grupo de 20-29 años de edad tuvo un 64 por ciento de frecuencia seguido del grupo de 15-19 años, con el 36 por ciento. La apendicitis fue la causa más frecuente de abdomen agudo quirúrgico con 10 casos, seguido de colecistitis aguda y quiste de ovario complicado, ambas con 5 pacientes. Esta entidad apareció en el 68 por ciento de las pacientes que cursaban su segundo trimestre de embarazo, seguido por las gestantes del tercer trimestre, con el 28 por ciento. Hubo síntomas de dolor abdominal y taquicardia en el 100 por ciento de los casos; náuseas en el 60 por ciento, y contractura y reacción peritoneal en el 80 por ciento. La urosepsis se notó como complicación en el 12 por ciento, sepsis de la herida quirúrgica en el 4 por ciento, para un índice de morbilidad del 20 por ciento, con un índice de mortalidad materna del 4 por ciento. Conclusiones: el abdomen agudo quirúrgico se presentó con una incidencia de 1,9 por cada 1 000 embarazadas y más frecuente en las edades entre 20-29 años. La apendicitis aguda, la colecistitis aguda y quiste de ovario complicado son las enfermedades que más se presentaron en el abdomen agudo quirúrgico durante el segundo trimestre del embarazo. Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron: dolor abdominal, contractura y reacción peritoneal. El mayor porcentaje de los casos resultó positivo en el diagnóstico clínico(AU)

Introduction: acute surgical abdomen is an entity that, if not resolved surgically, causes death in most cases and, in pregnant women, it is of special interest since the symptoms and signs do not appear in a typical manner. Objective: to characterize the behavior of acute surgical abdomen in pregnant women in the gynecology service of the General Teaching Hospital "Octavio de la Concepción y de la Pedraja" in the municipality of Baracoa, Guantánamo. Method: a retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study of 25 clinical histories of pregnant patients who presented an acute surgical abdomen in the period from November 1996 to November 2005. Results: the group of 20-29 years of age had 64 percent of frequency followed by the group of 15-19 years, with 36 percent. Appendicitis was the most frequent cause of acute surgical abdomen with 10 cases, followed by acute cholecystitis and complicated ovarian cyst, both with 5 patients. This entity appeared in 68 percent of the patients who were in their second trimester of pregnancy, followed by the pregnant women of the third trimester, with 28 percent. There were symptoms of abdominal pain and tachycardia in 100 percent of the cases; nausea in 60 percent, and contracture and peritoneal reaction in 80 percent. Urosepsis was noted as a complication in 12 percent, sepsis of the surgical wound in 4porcent, for a morbidity rate of 20 percent, with a maternal mortality rate of 4 percent. Conclusions: the acute surgical abdomen presented with an incidence of 1.9 per 1000 pregnant women and more frequent in the ages between 20-29 years. Acute appendicitis, acute cholecystitis and complicated ovarian cyst are the diseases that most occurred in the acute surgical abdomen during the second trimester of pregnancy. The most frequent symptoms were: abdominal pain, contracture and peritoneal reaction. The highest percentage of cases was positive in the clinical diagnosis(AU)

Introdução: o abdome cirúrgico agudo é uma entidade que, se não resolvida cirurgicamente, causa a morte na maioria dos casos e, em gestantes, é de especial interesse, uma vez que os sintomas e sinais não aparecem de maneira típica. Objetivo: caracterizar o comportamento do abdome cirúrgico agudo em gestantes do serviço de ginecologia do Hospital Universitário "Octavio de la Concepción y de la Pedraja" no município de Baracoa, Guantánamo. Método: estudo retrospectivo transversal, descritivo, com 25 histórias clínicas de gestantes que apresentaram abdome cirúrgico agudo no período de novembro de 1996 a novembro de 2005. Resultados: o grupo de 20-29 anos de idade apresentou 64 por cento de freqüência seguido pelo grupo de 15-19 anos, com 36 por cento. Apendicite foi a causa mais freqüente de abdome cirúrgico agudo com 10 casos, seguido de colecistite aguda e cisto ovariano complicado, ambos com 5 pacientes. Essa entidade apareceu em 68 por cento dos pacientes que estavam no segundo trimestre de gestação, seguidos pelas gestantes do terceiro trimestre, com 28 por cento. Houve sintomas de dor abdominal e taquicardia em 100 por cento dos casos; náusea em 60 por cento e contratura e reação peritoneal em 80 por cento. A urosepse foi notada como uma complicação em 12 por cento, sepse da ferida cirúrgica em 4 por cento, para uma taxa de morbidade de 20 por cento, com uma taxa de mortalidade materna de 4 por cento. Conclusões: o abdome cirúrgico agudo apresentou uma incidência de 1,9 por 1000 gestantes e mais frequente nas idades entre 20 a 29 anos. Apendicite aguda, colecistite aguda e cisto ovariano complicado são as doenças que mais ocorreram no abdome cirúrgico agudo durante o segundo trimestre da gravidez. Os sintomas mais frequentes foram: dor abdominal, contratura e reação peritoneal. O maior percentual de casos foi positivo no diagnóstico clínico(AU)

Mastoplastia reductiva por técnica de Thorek modificada en gigantomastia / Reductive mastoplastyby modified Thorek technique in giant breasts

La gigantomastia es un tipo de hipertrofia mamaria cuando sobrepasa los 1500 g de volumen mamario en cada mama y su corrección se realiza con la técnica de mastoplastia reductiva. Se presentó el caso de una paciente de 42 años de edad con el diagnóstico de gigantomastia; a la cual se le practicó mastoplastia reductiva por técnica de injerto del complejo areola pezón, siendo una adaptación a la descrita por Thorek en 1922, utilizando el molde de Wise. El tejido glandular resecado fue 4 000 g en cada mama, total 8000 g, el cual fue la motivación principal de este trabajo, además, despertar el interés de los médicos al estudio de este padecimiento para el diagnóstico, y conocimiento de este tratamiento. Se obtuvo buen resultado estético y satisfacción de la paciente(AU)

Gigantomasty is a kind of mammary hypertrophy when it surpasses the 1 500 g of mammary volume in each mamma and its correction is made with the mastoplasty reductive's technique. It is presented a case of a 42-year-old patient with a diagnosis of giant breasts; was applied reductive mastoplasty by graft technique of the nipple areola complex, being an adaptation to the one described by Thorek in 1922, using the Wise mold. The gland tissue was resected 4 000 grams in each breast, total 8 000 grams, which was the main motivation of this work, in addition, to obtain the interest of doctors to study this condition for diagnosis and knowledge of this treatment. A good aesthetic result and patient satisfaction were obtained(AU)

Miomectomía a las 21 semanas de gestación: informe de un caso / Myomectomy at 21 weeks of gestation: report of a case

La leiomiomatosis del útero es una de las enfermedades más frecuentes en la práctica ginecológica. El 20 por ciento de las mujeres desarrollan estas tumoraciones a la edad de los 40 años. Se presenta el caso clínico de una paciente con un mioma gigante complicado durante un embarazo, que obliga a la resolución quirúrgica a las 21 semanas de gestación, con evolución satisfactoria y parto a término (AU)

Leiomyomatosis of the uterus is one of the most common diseases in gynecological practice. The 20por ciento of women develop these tumors at the age of 40. A case of a patient is reported with a giant myoma during pregnancy, requiring surgical resolution at 21 weeks of gestation, with satisfactory evolution and satisfactory birth (AU)

Apendicitis aguda en el embarazo / Acute appendicitis during pregnancy

La apendicitis aguda es la urgencia quirúrgica no obstétrica más frecuente en el embarazo, facilitada por los cambios anatomo-fisiológicos que se producen durante la gestación. En ocasiones, se presentan dificultades para hacer un diagnóstico clínico oportuno, por la presencia previa del útero grávido, lo que puede conducir a graves consecuencias para la madre y el feto. Se realiza una revisión actualizada del tema haciendo énfasis en su diagnóstico clínico y tratamiento quirúrgico. La apendicitis aguda en el embarazo se presenta con variada frecuencia, en dependencia de factores geográficos y quizás dietéticos, es grave tanto para la madre como para el feto cuando no se diagnostica precozmente, se puede emplear la videolaparoscopia para el diagnóstico y tratamiento quirúrgico(AU)

Acute appendicitis is the more frequent non-obstetric surgical emergency in pregnant, due to anatomical-physiological changes produced during pregnancy. Sometimes, there area difficulties to make an appropriate clinical diagnosis because of the previous presence of gravid uterus and it may to provoke severe consequences for mother and fetus. An updated review of this subject is carried out emphasizing in its clinical diagnosis and surgical treatment. Acute appendicitis in pregnancy is present with varied frequency depending on geographical and maybe dietetic factors, is severe for mother and for the fetus when it is not early diagnosed, it is possible to use the video-laparoscopy for diagnosis and surgical treatment(AU)

Apendicitis aguda en el embarazo / Acute appendicitis during pregnancy

La apendicitis aguda es la urgencia quirúrgica no obstétrica más frecuente en el embarazo, facilitada por los cambios anatomo-fisiológicos que se producen durante la gestación. En ocasiones, se presentan dificultades para hacer un diagnóstico clínico oportuno, por la presencia previa del útero grávido, lo que puede conducir a graves consecuencias para la madre y el feto. Se realiza una revisión actualizada del tema haciendo énfasis en su diagnóstico clínico y tratamiento quirúrgico. La apendicitis aguda en el embarazo se presenta con variada frecuencia, en dependencia de factores geográficos y quizás dietéticos, es grave tanto para la madre como para el feto cuando no se diagnostica precozmente, se puede emplear la videolaparoscopia para el diagnóstico y tratamiento quirúrgico

Acute appendicitis is the more frequent non-obstetric surgical emergency in pregnant, due to anatomical-physiological changes produced during pregnancy. Sometimes, there area difficulties to make an appropriate clinical diagnosis because of the previous presence of gravid uterus and it may to provoke severe consequences for mother and fetus. An updated review of this subject is carried out emphasizing in its clinical diagnosis and surgical treatment. Acute appendicitis in pregnancy is present with varied frequency depending on geographical and maybe dietetic factors, is severe for mother and for the fetus when it is not early diagnosed, it is possible to use the video-laparoscopy for diagnosis and surgical treatment

Latino immigrants with depression: an initial examination of treatment issues at a community clinic.

The objective of this study is to investigate specific characteristics that may affect the psychological treatment retention of Latinos diagnosed with depression in a community mental health clinic that provides culturally responsive services. Thirty-six Latino clients participated in the pilot study. Descriptive statistics were generated on acculturation, acculturative stress, familismo (the importance of the family), specific demographic variables, and other factors potentially related to treatment outcome. Two specific groups were compared: regular attendees (RAs; n = 18) and premature terminators (PTs; n = 18). RAs were significantly less likely to be employed, and more likely to have medications prescribed at the clinic compared to PTs. Acculturation, acculturative stress, and familismo did not differentiate between groups but were found to characterize the entire sample. The results support the premise that psychological treatment combined with medication keeps clients in treatment. Knowledge of perceived and actual barriers encountered by Latino clients are necessary to guide community-based mental health clinics in developing effective service delivery alternatives that will enhance treatment engagement.

Behavioral activation as an alternative treatment approach for Latinos with depression.

Depression is one of the most commonly diagnosed psychological health problems and a major cause of disability in this country. Very little attention, however, has been given to depression among Latinos. To address this issue, the authors provide a review of the literature on psychosocial factors that contribute to depression within the Latino adult population. In addition, the authors argue that Behavioral Activation (BA), as an alternative treatment approach, may be as effective as, if not more effective than, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy because of BA's focus on environmental conditions and behavior change rather than beliefs and underlying attitudes. More importantly, components of BA can be easily adapted to accommodate specific Latino cultural values. Its application is illustrated in a case example. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved).

Torsión del anejo uterino derecho en una gestante: informe de un caso / Torsión of the rigth uterus anejo in a pregnant women. A case report

Se hace una revisión de distintas fuentes sobre los conceptos, empleo, ventajas y desventajas de los sitios Web y los tutoriales como herramientas que se proponen para obtener resultados superiores en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje de los distintos centros educacionales. Se hace una valoración de la importancia de cada una de ellas, y se enuncian las diferentes clasificaciones existentes, las que permiten hacer una correcta selección de las mismas a partir de los objetivos que se quieran lograr en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje (AU)

Abdomen agudo quirúrgico en el embarazo / Surgical acute abdomen and pregnancy

Se realiza un estudio transversal retrospectivo a 25 gestantes que presentan abdomen quirúrgico agudo en el Hospital General Docente “Octavio de la Concepción y de la Pedraja” de Baracoa, en el período comprendido desde noviembre de 1996 hasta noviembre de 2005. El abdomen agudo quirúrgico se presenta con una incidencia de 1.9 por cada 1000 embarazadas y más frecuente en las edades entre 20-29 años para el 64 por ciento. La apendicitis aguda, la colecistitis aguda y quiste de ovario complicado son las enfermedades que más se presentan en el abdomen agudo quirúrgico durante el segundo trimestre del embarazo. Los síntomas más frecuentes son: el dolor abdominal, la contractura y reacción peritoneal. El 80 por ciento de los casos resultó positivo en el diagnóstico clínico y el índice de morbilidad fue del 20 por ciento(AU)