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1.
Cureus ; 16(4): e59406, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38826607

RESUMO

Leiomyosarcomas (LMSs) account for 10-20% of all soft-tissue sarcomas (STSs). Soft-tissue sarcomas, and more specifically LMS, typically originate from the uterus, extremity, retroperitoneal, or lower intraabdominal gastrointestinal organs. Due to the rarity and variability in presentation, it is difficult to describe identifiable risk factors, determine etiology, predict disease progression, and prognosticate these types of neoplasms. We present the case of a 77-year-old woman presenting to the emergency department with shortness of breath. After being diagnosed and treated for mild exacerbation of congestive heart failure, she was incidentally found to be anemic. Further workup, including an esophagogastroduodenoscopy, revealed a bleeding gastric mass, which was biopsied. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed the mass to be primary gastric LMS. Due to its rarity, an interdisciplinary approach involving clinical, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical data is necessary to successfully identify and diagnose gastrointestinal LMS. This case report aims to contribute to the paucity of information available in the literature regarding gastric LMS so that it may be better understood.

2.
Cureus ; 15(11): e48608, 2023 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38090419

RESUMO

Strongyloidiasis is a parasitic infection caused by Strongyloides stercoralis which commonly presents as an asymptomatic infection in immunocompetent patients but may cause non-specific gastrointestinal and pulmonary complaints. Here, we report the atypical presentation of strongyloidiasis in a 72-year-old Vietnamese male with shortness of breath and flushing. This case is notable for the unique presentation of cutaneous flushing, the absence of eosinophilia, and negligible microscopic findings on stool examination. Despite insignificant laboratory findings, clinicians should consider strongyloidiasis in patients from endemic areas with unexplained gastrointestinal and pulmonary findings.

3.
Cureus ; 13(12): e20357, 2021 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35028234

RESUMO

Cranial nerve palsies are commonly known comorbidities associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, occurring in nearly 20% of cases. These palsies occur in isolation or in common groupings, depending on the anterior or posterior cranial vault extension of the lesion. Cranial nerve VII palsy is relatively rare, with an incidence of less than 1%. As a poor marker of prognosis, cranial nerve involvement may lead to significant morbidity amongst patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. We report a case of a 73-year-old male diagnosed with nasopharyngeal carcinoma with extension into the skull base who presented with both anterior and posterior cranial nerve involvement throughout the course of his disease. With lesions in cranial nerves III, V, VI, VII, IX, and XII, this patient experienced a sequence of right-sided facial paralysis, facial pain, inability to abduct his right eye, rightward tongue deviation, tinnitus, hearing loss, decreased extraocular eye movement superiorly, and dysphagia which subsequently worsened with chemotherapy and radiation. Most notably, he presented with a right-sided cranial nerve VII palsy, not commonly reported in the literature.

4.
Case Rep Gastroenterol ; 14(2): 448-452, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32999647

RESUMO

Alcoholic liver disease is one of the leading causes of hepatitis, cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatic carcinoma. Alcoholic hepatitis refers to the acute onset of symptomatic hepatitis. We describe a patient who presented with alcoholic hepatitis with direct hyperbilirubinemia, elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and hypertriglyceridemia. All the imaging and laboratory work excluded obstructive causes, and liver biopsy confirmed the diagnosis. Alcoholic hepatitis is a common condition, but some unusual presentations can lead one to think of uncommon pathologies. This case reflects that alcoholic hepatitis can present with high levels of triglycerides as well as a cholestatic pattern with direct hyperbilirubinemia and ALP without an obvious obstruction cause.

5.
Travel Med Infect Dis ; 10(5-6): 236-9, 2012 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23137437

RESUMO

Cholera is a gastroenteric disease caused by epidemic or pandemic Vibrio cholerae which still is responsible for over 100,000 annual deaths worldwide. Since October 2010, Haiti experienced a cholera outbreak affecting more than 300,000 persons. Few imported cases related to the Haitian epidemic have been reported so far in the United States and Canada. We presented a patient who developed cholera gravis soon after arrival at New York City from Haiti. The patient needed admission to an Intensive Care Unit, for vigorous intravenous hydration, antibiotic therapy, and hemodialysis due to refractory oliguric renal failure. The patient was discharged the day 6 after admission and V. cholerae O1 was isolated from the stool culture. Cholera can be a life-threatening disease; early recognition based on travel history and clinical features is the corner stone for successful management.


Assuntos
Injúria Renal Aguda/microbiologia , Cólera/complicações , Viagem , Vibrio cholerae O1/isolamento & purificação , Injúria Renal Aguda/epidemiologia , Injúria Renal Aguda/terapia , Idoso , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Cólera/epidemiologia , Cólera/terapia , Fezes/microbiologia , Hidratação , Haiti/epidemiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Cidade de Nova Iorque
7.
Enferm. infecc. microbiol. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 28(2): 110-121, feb. 2010. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-80134

RESUMO

Luego del advenimiento del tratamiento antirretroviral de gran actividad (TARGA), el síndrome de reconstitución inmunológica (SRI) es una complicación cada vez más frecuente en los individuos infectados por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH). El artículo tuvo como objetivo presentar una revisión de las evidencias científicas disponibles sobre el tema, indizadas en Medline, PubMed, BVS-BIREME y BioMedCentral. Éste abarcó la definición, la epidemiología, la clasificación y los criterios diagnósticos del SRI. Además, se describieron las particularidades clínicas de las etiologías más frecuentes y se realizó una propuesta de enfoque terapéutico. Se abordó el pronóstico y las implicaciones futuras de esta entidad en la epidemiología de algunas enfermedades infecciosas en la población VIH positiva. Se mencionaron varios aspectos aún inconclusos sobre el tema, sobre todo los relacionados con la fisiopatología, el uso de los biomarcadores para el diagnóstico y la necesidad de algoritmos terapéuticos basados en pruebas que permitan estandarizar la conducta ante estos enfermos (AU)


Since the arrival of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), immune reconstitution syndrome (IRS) has become an increasingly more frequent complication in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. This article presents a review of the available evidence on this subject, indexed in MEDLINE-PUBMED, BVS-BIREME, and BioMed Central. The review covers the definition, epidemiology, classification, and diagnostic criteria related to IRS. In addition, the clinical particularities of the most frequent etiologies are described, and a proposal for a therapeutic approach is formulated. The prognosis and future implications of this syndrome in the epidemiology of some infectious illnesses in the HIV-positive population are included. Several unresolved aspects are mentioned, such as those related to the pathophysiology of the condition, use of biomarkers for the diagnosis, and the need for evidence-based therapeutic algorithms to enable standardization of treatment for these patients (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Síndrome Inflamatória da Reconstituição Imune , Infecções por HIV/imunologia , Síndrome Inflamatória da Reconstituição Imune/diagnóstico , Síndrome Inflamatória da Reconstituição Imune/imunologia , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/imunologia , Fármacos Anti-HIV/uso terapêutico , Doenças Autoimunes/imunologia , Infecções por HIV/complicações
8.
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin ; 28(2): 110-21, 2010 Feb.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19632745

RESUMO

Since the arrival of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), immune reconstitution syndrome (IRS) has become an increasingly more frequent complication in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. This article presents a review of the available evidence on this subject, indexed in MEDLINE-PUBMED, BVS-BIREME, and BioMed Central. The review covers the definition, epidemiology, classification, and diagnostic criteria related to IRS. In addition, the clinical particularities of the most frequent etiologies are described, and a proposal for a therapeutic approach is formulated. The prognosis and future implications of this syndrome in the epidemiology of some infectious illnesses in the HIV-positive population are included. Several unresolved aspects are mentioned, such as those related to the pathophysiology of the condition, use of biomarkers for the diagnosis, and the need for evidence-based therapeutic algorithms to enable standardization of treatment for these patients.


Assuntos
Infecções por HIV/imunologia , Síndrome Inflamatória da Reconstituição Imune , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/imunologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/complicações , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/tratamento farmacológico , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/imunologia , Algoritmos , Fármacos Anti-HIV/uso terapêutico , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade , Doenças Autoimunes/imunologia , Citocinas/fisiologia , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Síndrome Inflamatória da Reconstituição Imune/diagnóstico , Síndrome Inflamatória da Reconstituição Imune/tratamento farmacológico , Síndrome Inflamatória da Reconstituição Imune/epidemiologia , Síndrome Inflamatória da Reconstituição Imune/etiologia , Síndrome Inflamatória da Reconstituição Imune/imunologia , Síndrome Inflamatória da Reconstituição Imune/fisiopatologia , Síndrome Inflamatória da Reconstituição Imune/prevenção & controle , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Inflamação , Prognóstico , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/antagonistas & inibidores
10.
Infect Dis Rep ; 1(1): e2, 2009 Sep 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24470880

RESUMO

The first clinical case of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) in Cuban HIV-infected patient was described, and the scientific literature indexed in: PUBMED/MEDLINE, LILACS and BIREME were revised. The case presented was a male with HIV infection without preceding opportunistic illnesses, CD4(+) T cell count over 200 cells/mm(3) and clinical symptoms of pain, tingling and numbness in the right hand and wrist for three months. The electrophysiological study was compatible with CTS. The pharmacological treatment did not modify the symptoms and the patient received specific surgical treatment with absolute resolution of symptoms. CTS is a compressive neuropathy that can occur in HIV-positive individuals with as similar frequency as in the general population. The association between HIV infection and CTS is scarcely described in the medical scientific literature and probably does not represent a different phenomenon from what happens in the HIV-negative population. Nevertheless, its clinical recognition among other neurological and muscle-skeletal manifestations in HIV-infected patients is important.

11.
Invest Clin ; 49(3): 309-20, 2008 Sep.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18846772

RESUMO

HIV infection affected 0.06% of the Cuban population and AIDS associated tuberculosis (TB) represented 4.4% of cases in 2004. The objective of this study was to determine the survival of AIDS patients with TB. 167 individuals of both sexes and ages between 15 and 60 years old were studied; all of them were diagnosed in the Havana's Tropical Medicine Institute "Pedro Kourí", Cuba, between January 1st 1997 and May 31st 2005. The Kaplan-Meier's method and the Long-rank test were used for the survival, and the Cox's multivariate method to identify the variables associated with mortality by means of SPSS 9.0. 78 individuals of the total died at the end of study, 71.8% belonged to the pre highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era and 28.2% to the later period. From all deceased cases due to TB, 82.1% were diagnosed in the pre HAART era. The median survival was 41 months (CI=20-62). TB diagnosis in the pre HAART period, TB not being the first disease indicator of AIDS, suffering from candidiasis of esophagus before TB and a LTCD4+ count < 200 at the diagnosis of TB, were all independently associated with mortality. This study demonstrated the positive impact of HAART in the survival of Cuban AIDS patients with TB and also identified advanced immunodepression and opportunistic infections as predictors of mortality.


Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/tratamento farmacológico , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/mortalidade , Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade , Tuberculose/mortalidade , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/complicações , Adolescente , Adulto , Cuba , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Taxa de Sobrevida , Tuberculose/complicações , Adulto Jovem
12.
Invest. clín ; 49(3): 309-320, sept. 2008. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-518665

RESUMO

En Cuba el VIH infecta al 0,06% de la población y la tuberculosis (TB) asociada al SIDA representó el 4,4% de los casos en el año 2004. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la supervivencia de los enfermos con SIDA y TB. Se estudiaron 167 individuos de ambos sexos, con edades comprendidas entre 15 y 60 años, diagnosticados en el Instituto de Medicina Tropical “Pedro Kourí” de La Habana, Cuba, entre el 1º de enero de 1997 y el 31 de mayo del 2005. Se utilizó el método de Kaplan-Meier y la prueba de Log-rank para la supervivencia, un modelo multivariado de Cox para identificar las variables asociadas con la mortalidad mediante SPSS 9.0. De los 167 individuos 78 fallecieron, el 71,8% perteneció a la era-pre Tratamiento Antirretroviral de Alta Eficacia (TARVAE) y el 28,2% al periodo posterior. Del total de fallecidos por TB (39), el 82,1% se diagnosticó en la etapa pre-TARVAE. La mediana de supervivencia fue 41 meses (IC=20-62). Se asociaron de forma independiente con la mortalidad las categorías: diagnóstico de TB en la etapa pre-TARVAE, no ser la TB la primera enfermedad indicadora de SIDA, padecer candidiasis oroesofágica antes de la TB y menos de 200 LTCD4+ en el diagnóstico de la TB. Se demostró el impacto positivo del TARVAE en la supervivencia de los enfermos SIDA con TB en Cuba, y se identificaron la inmunodepresión avanzada y las enfermedades oportunistas como predictores de mortalidad.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções por HIV , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/terapia , Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade/métodos , Tuberculose/patologia , Cuba/epidemiologia
13.
Rev. cuba. med. trop ; 60(2)Mayo-ago. 2008. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | CUMED | ID: cum-37407

RESUMO

Objetivo: identificar la prevalencia de la infección por los virus de la hepatitis B (VHB) y C (VHC) en individuos infectados por VIH en la provincia de Cienfuegos. Métodos: se realizó un estudio de corte transversal hasta el mes del abril de 2005 y se analizaron variables clínicas y el recuento de linfocitos TCD4+ (LTCD4+). Resultados: la prevalencia de la infección por el VHB resultó 14,4 por ciento y por el VHC 20 por ciento. La frecuencia del SIDA fue superior en los pacientes con hepatitis B (77,8 por ciento) respecto a los infectados por el VHC (28,6 por ciento). El porcentaje de casos con menos de 500 LTCD4+ resultó superior en los coinfectados por el VHC (57,4 por ciento); 4 enfermos (14,8 por ciento) tenían realizado estudio histológico hepático. Conclusión: la coinfección de los VHB/VHC y el VIH es un problema frecuente en la provincia, sin embargo, se desconocen aspectos clínicos y epidemiológicos que ameritan nuevos estudios(AU)


Objective: To identify the prevalence of hepatitis B and C virus infections (HVB) and (HVC) in individuals infected by HIV in Cienfuegos province. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed till April 2005 in which clinical variables and TCD4+ lymphocyte count were analyzed. Results: the prevalence of HVB infection was 14,4 percent and of HVC was 20 percent. AIDS frequency was higher in patients suffering from hepatitis B (77,8 percent) than in those with hepatitis C (28,6 percent). Percentage of cases under 500 TCD4+ count was higher in patients coinfested with HVC (57,4 percent); also 4 patients (14,8 percent) had been performed a hepatic histological study. Conclusion: HVB/HVC co-infection and HIV is a common problem in the province; however, clinical and epidemiological aspects that are yet unknown call for new studies(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Hepatite C/epidemiologia , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Epidemiologia Descritiva
14.
Rev. cuba. med. trop ; 60(2)mayo-ago. 2008. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-506349

RESUMO

Objetivo: identificar la prevalencia de la infección por los virus de la hepatitis B (VHB) y C (VHC) en individuos infectados por VIH en la provincia de Cienfuegos. Métodos: se realizó un estudio de corte transversal hasta el mes del abril de 2005 y se analizaron variables clínicas y el recuento de linfocitos TCD4+ (LTCD4+). Resultados: la prevalencia de la infección por el VHB resultó 14,4 por ciento y por el VHC 20 por ciento. La frecuencia del SIDA fue superior en los pacientes con hepatitis B (77,8 por ciento) respecto a los infectados por el VHC (28,6 por ciento). El porcentaje de casos con menos de 500 LTCD4+ resultó superior en los coinfectados por el VHC (57,4 por ciento); 4 enfermos (14,8 por ciento) tenían realizado estudio histológico hepático. Conclusión: la coinfección de los VHB/VHC y el VIH es un problema frecuente en la provincia, sin embargo, se desconocen aspectos clínicos y epidemiológicos que ameritan nuevos estudios.


Objective: To identify the prevalence of hepatitis B and C virus infections (HVB) and (HVC) in individuals infected by HIV in Cienfuegos province. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed till April 2005 in which clinical variables and TCD4+ lymphocyte count were analyzed. Results: the prevalence of HVB infection was 14,4 percent and of HVC was 20 percent. AIDS frequency was higher in patients suffering from hepatitis B (77,8 percent) than in those with hepatitis C (28,6 percent). Percentage of cases under 500 TCD4+ count was higher in patients coinfested with HVC (57,4 percent); also 4 patients (14,8 percent) had been performed a hepatic histological study. Conclusion: HVB/HVC co-infection and HIV is a common problem in the province; however, clinical and epidemiological aspects that are yet unknown call for new studies.


Assuntos
Humanos , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Hepatite C/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Epidemiologia Descritiva
15.
Rev. cuba. med. trop ; 59(2)Mayo-ago. 2007. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | CUMED | ID: cum-34901

RESUMO

Se realizó un estudio propectivo y longitudinal con el propósito de evaluar la respuesta clínica, inmunológica y virológica de una cohorte de 34 enfermos de SIDA en la provincia de Cienfuegos tratados con terapia antirretroviral de alta eficacia (TARVAE). Del sexo masculino eran 67,6 por ciento y la media de edad 32 años. La vía de infección sexual se identificó en 91,2 por ciento. Del total de individuos, 79,4 por ciento definieron el SIDA por recuento de LTCD4+ < 200 células. Padecieron de infecciones oportunistas menores 26 enfermos (76,5 por ciento) y 32,4 por ciento enfermó por alguna oportunista mayor antes de la TARVAE. Posterior a esta, las frecuencias se redujeron a 20,6 y 11,8 por ciento, respectivamente. El recuento medio de LTCD4+ al inicio de la TARVAE fue 196 células/mm3, y superó las 400 células en el resto de las mediciones. De una media de CVP de 15 251 copias/mL al año de la terapia, disminuyó a 8 048 copias a los 2 años. Solo 10 casos requirieron hospitalización después de la TARVAE (29,4 por ciento). La adherencia a la terapia superó 80 por ciento y se correlacionó con la restauración inmunológica. La supervivencia al año fue de 100 por ciento y durante los 4 años fallecieron 2 enfermos. Se demostró el impacto positivo de la TARVAE en la frecuencia de infecciones oportunistas, la restauración inmunológica y la supervivencia(AU)


A longitudinal prospective study was made to evaluate the clinical, immunological and virological response of a cohort of 34 AIDS patients in Cienfuegos provinces, who had been treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Males comprised 67.6percent of the total number and average age was 32 years. Sexual infection path was identified in 91.2 percent of cases. The CD4+ T counting under 200 cells defined AIDS in 79.4 percent of individuals. Twenty six patients suffered minor opportunistic infections (76.5 percent) whereas 32.4 percent got sick due to some major opportunistic disease prior to the therapy. After this therapy, these frequencies lowered to 20.6 percent and 11.8 percent respectively. Average CD4+ counting at the starting of HAART was 196 cell/mm3 and exceeded 400 cells in the rest of further countings. From a PVC average of 15 251 copies/ml one year after therapy, this figure reduced to 8 048 copies at 2 years. Only 10 cases required hospitalization after a HAART (29.4 percent). Treatment adherence reached over 80 persent and was correlated to immunological restoration. Survival after one year was 100 percent and only 2 patients died in the following 4 years. The positive impact of HAART on the frequency of opportunistic infections, immunological restoration and survival was proved(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade/métodos , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/imunologia
16.
Rev. cuba. med. trop ; 59(2)mayo-ago. 2007. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-489533

RESUMO

Se realizó un estudio propectivo y longitudinal con el propósito de evaluar la respuesta clínica, inmunológica y virológica de una cohorte de 34 enfermos de SIDA en la provincia de Cienfuegos tratados con terapia antirretroviral de alta eficacia (TARVAE). Del sexo masculino eran 67,6 por ciento y la media de edad 32 años. La vía de infección sexual se identificó en 91,2 por ciento. Del total de individuos, 79,4 por ciento definieron el SIDA por recuento de LTCD4+ < 200 células. Padecieron de infecciones oportunistas menores 26 enfermos (76,5 por ciento) y 32,4 por ciento enfermó por alguna oportunista mayor antes de la TARVAE. Posterior a esta, las frecuencias se redujeron a 20,6 y 11,8 por ciento, respectivamente. El recuento medio de LTCD4+ al inicio de la TARVAE fue 196 células/mm3, y superó las 400 células en el resto de las mediciones. De una media de CVP de 15 251 copias/mL al año de la terapia, disminuyó a 8 048 copias a los 2 años. Solo 10 casos requirieron hospitalización después de la TARVAE (29,4 por ciento). La adherencia a la terapia superó 80 por ciento y se correlacionó con la restauración inmunológica. La supervivencia al año fue de 100 por ciento y durante los 4 años fallecieron 2 enfermos. Se demostró el impacto positivo de la TARVAE en la frecuencia de infecciones oportunistas, la restauración inmunológica y la supervivencia.


A longitudinal prospective study was made to evaluate the clinical, immunological and virological response of a cohort of 34 AIDS patients in Cienfuegos provinces, who had been treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Males comprised 67.6percent of the total number and average age was 32 years. Sexual infection path was identified in 91.2 percent of cases. The CD4+ T counting under 200 cells defined AIDS in 79.4 percent of individuals. Twenty six patients suffered minor opportunistic infections (76.5 percent) whereas 32.4 percent got sick due to some major opportunistic disease prior to the therapy. After this therapy, these frequencies lowered to 20.6 percent and 11.8 percent respectively. Average CD4+ counting at the starting of HAART was 196 cell/mm3 and exceeded 400 cells in the rest of further countings. From a PVC average of 15 251 copies/ml one year after therapy, this figure reduced to 8 048 copies at 2 years. Only 10 cases required hospitalization after a HAART (29.4 percent). Treatment adherence reached over 80 persent and was correlated to immunological restoration. Survival after one year was 100 percent and only 2 patients died in the following 4 years. The positive impact of HAART on the frequency of opportunistic infections, immunological restoration and survival was proved.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/imunologia , Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade/métodos
17.
Rev. panam. infectol ; 9(2): 10-17, abr.-jun. 2007.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-516871

RESUMO

Objetivo: Caracterizar 145 episodios de meningoencefalitis aguda bacteriana en adultos en el Hospital General Universitario “Dr. Gustavo Aldereguía Lima” en el decenio 1995-2004. Pacientes y métodos: Se trató de un estudio retrospectivo obervacional que describió la frecuencia de variables epidemiológicas, clínicas y microbiológicas, las cuales se relacionaron con la mortalidad mediante un análisis de múltiples variables por regresión logística. Resultados y conclusiones: En 43 episodios la MEB estuvo precedida de otras enfermedades (29.7%); neumonía (13.1%), otitis media supurada (14.5%). Los síntomas y signos más frecuentes fuerron: fiebre (94.5%), cefalea (95.9%), vómitos (73.1%), desorientación (42.8%) y degradación de consciencia (40.7%) y meningismo (83.5%). 45 episodios (31%) se complicaron en las primeras 24 horas, siendo las convulsiones (13.1%), la hipertensión endocraneana (11.7%), la hipertermia (11.7%) y el coma (9.7%) las más frecuentes. Predominó la pleocitosis neutrófila (91.7%), el Streptococcus pneumoniae resultó el microorganismo aislado con más frecuencia (47.6%), mientras que en 59 ocasiones no se demostró microorganismo en el LCR (37.2%) Ocurrieron 29 fallecimientos (20%), 9 en las primeras 24 horas y el resto luego de 24 horas, el 100% de las muertes dependieron de la MEB. La media de edad fue significativamente superior en los fallecidos (58.6 DS = 20 vs 47.7 DS = 18 años), de otra parte la estadía y la celularidad en el LCR promedios, resultaron significativamente inferiores en los fallecidos. Luego del análisis de múltiples variables, haber padecido de neumonía antes de la meningitis (OR = 6.01), tener degradación de consciencia al ingreso (OR = 4.72), convulsionar en las primeras 24 horas (OR = 5.99) y una celularidad menor a 500 células en el LCR (OR = 4.13), se asociaron de forma independiente con el riesgo de morir.Palabras clave: Meningoencefalitis aguda bacteriana, adultos, diagnóstico, mortalidad.


Assuntos
Adulto , Infecções Bacterianas , Meningoencefalite/diagnóstico , Meningoencefalite/epidemiologia , Meningoencefalite/microbiologia , Meningoencefalite/mortalidade , Reação de Fase Aguda , Streptococcus pneumoniae/isolamento & purificação , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos Observacionais como Assunto
18.
Rev Cubana Med Trop ; 59(2): 139-48, 2007.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23427448

RESUMO

A longitudinal prospective study was made to evaluate the clinical, immunological and virological response of a cohort of 34 AIDS patients in Cienfuegos provinces, who had been treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Males comprised 67.6% of the total number and average age was 32 years. Sexual infection path was identified in 91.2% of cases. The CD4+ T counting under 200 cells defined AIDS in 79.4% of individuals. Twenty six patients suffered minor opportunistic infections (76.5%) whereas 32.4% got sick due to some major opportunistic disease prior to the therapy. After this therapy, these frequencies lowered to 20.6% and 11.8% respectively. Average CD4+ counting at the starting of HAART was 196 cell/mm3 and exceeded 400 cells in the rest of further countings. From a PVC average of 15 251 copies/mL one year after therapy, this figure reduced to 8 048 copies at 2 years. Only 10 cases required hospitalization after a HAART (29.4%). Treatment adherence reached over 80% and was correlated to immunological restoration. Survival after one year was 100% and only 2 patients died in the following 4 years. The positive impact of HAART on the frequency of opportunistic infections, immunological restoration and survival was proved.


Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/tratamento farmacológico , Fármacos Anti-HIV/uso terapêutico , Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade , Azatioprina/uso terapêutico , Lamivudina/uso terapêutico , Estavudina/uso terapêutico , Viremia/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/epidemiologia , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/prevenção & controle , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/sangue , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/epidemiologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/imunologia , Adulto , Fármacos Anti-HIV/administração & dosagem , Azatioprina/administração & dosagem , Contagem de Linfócito CD4 , Cuba/epidemiologia , Feminino , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Lamivudina/administração & dosagem , Masculino , Adesão à Medicação/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Prospectivos , Estavudina/administração & dosagem , Resultado do Tratamento , Carga Viral , Viremia/imunologia
19.
Rev. Inst. Nac. Enfermedades Respir ; 19(2): 113-121, abr.-jun. 2006. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-632588

RESUMO

Fundamento: Hay más de 40 millones de afectados en el mundo por el VIH/SIDA; han muerto alrededor de 20 millones de personas desde los inicios de la epidemia. Hay mayores tasas de mortalidad y menor supervivencia en los enfermos con tuberculosis (TB) e infección por el VIH-I. Particularmente, en Cuba no existen estudios previos que aborden la supervivencia en individuos coinfectados por VIH/TB. Métodos: Estudio observacional de una serie de 72 casos con TB y SIDA antes de generalizada la terapia antirretroviral de alta eficacia (TARVAE). Se describen variables clínicas e inmunológicas que se relacionan con la supervivencia a los tres años del diagnóstico de la TB y con el riesgo de muerte. Utilizamos el método de Kaplan-Meier y de riesgos proporcionales de Cox. Resultados: El 69.4% de los enfermos habían fallecido a los tres años del diagnóstico de la TB. La media del recuento de LTCD4+ resultó significativamente inferior en los muertos: 126 células por mm³ (p < 0.0001). El 44.4% de los casos cumplió los criterios de muerte por TB. La mediana de supervivencia global fue de 10 meses. Tener LTCD4 + < a 200 células y padecer candidiasis profunda previo a la TB, se asoció independientemente con el riesgo de muerte. Conclusiones: En ausencia de TARVAE, las infecciones oportunistas y el deterioro inmunológico en los individuos con SIDA y TB se relacionaron con un mayor riesgo de muerte.


Background: Infection due to HIV/AIDS affects more than 40 million people worldwide; around 20 million have succumbed since the epidemy began. There are higher mortality rates and shortened survival in those affected by tuberculosis (TB) and HIV-I. In Cuba, there are no previous studies regarding the survival of patients coinfected by HIV/TB. Methods: Observational study of a series of 72 cases infected by TB and AIDS before the widespread use of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART); we describe the clinical and immunological variables associated to three year survival from the diagnosis of TB/AIDS and to the risk of death. Survival analyses were done by the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test to determine the survival function according to categories of the variables included. Cox's proportional hazards was used to determine the independent association of each variable with the risk of death. Results: 51.4% of patients were dead one year and 69.4%, three years after the diagnosis of TB. Mean CD4+T lymphocyte counts were significantly lower in the deceased, 126 cells/mm³ (p < 0.0001); 44.4% fulfilled the criteria of death caused by TB. Mean survival was 10 months; survival was higher in those patients with TB as the first condition indicative of AIDS, in those who were not AIDS before TB, in those not having previous deep candidiasis, when CD4 + T lymphocyte counts > 200/mm³, in those with a reactive tuberculin skin test and when smears from sputum were negative to acid fast bacilli. The risk of death was independently associated to CD4 + T lymphocyte counts < 200/mm³, and having deep candidiasis before TB. Conclusions: In the absence of HA ART, opportunistic infections and immunologic impairment in patients with AIDS and TB are related to lower survival rates and increased risk of death.

20.
Rev. cuba. med. trop ; 58(1)ene.-abr. 2006. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | CUMED | ID: cum-33375

RESUMO

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo correlacional y longitudinal a partir de 43 enfermos de SIDA de las provincias Cienfuegos y Sancti Spíritus tratados con terapia antirretroviral altamente activa (TARGA). Se evaluó la respuesta al tratamiento con fármacos de producción nacional, acorde a variables clínicas e inmunológicas. El seguimiento se realizó desde mayo de 2001 hasta junio de 2003. Los casos estudiados fueron pacientes jóvenes predominantemente del sexo masculino, que habían adquirido la infección por la vía sexual. Ellos desarrollaron la evolución natural de la infección por el VIH, pues el tiempo promedio entre el diagnóstico y la definición de SIDA superó los 6 años y paralelamente, la mayoría tenía grados extremos de inmunodepresión al iniciar la Targa. El desarrollo del síndrome retroviral agudo y su forma severa, así como de infecciones oportunistas menores y mayores, se evidenció en un considerable número de enfermos; estas variables no se correlacionaron con la respuesta inmunológica de los enfermos. La TARGA impactó sobre los índices de hospitalizaciones y de infecciones oportunistas mayores al reducirlos a cero, de manera proporcional no hubo fallecidos al término del estudio. Se observó una sostenida recuperación inmunológica de los pacientes desde el primer año de terapia, la adherencia al tratamiento se correlacionó con la recuperación de la función inmune en los enfermos, y de forma significativa, en los casos sin adherencia no se documentó ascenso del recuento de linfocitos T CD4+. Existió toxicidad a los fármacos en más de 90, con predominio de las manifestaciones digestivas; los hallazgos clínicos sugestivos de síndrome metabólico se encontraron en 18,6 por ciento, frecuencia inferior a la reportada en las series internacionales(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/terapia , Infecções por HIV/terapia , Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade/métodos , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/terapia
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