Spontaneous uterine rupture: report of two cases.

BACKGROUND: Uterine rupture is a rare entity with an incidence of 0.07% and is a cause of perinatal mortality. Dehiscence of previous uterine scar is the most important cause, but other causes have been reported such as placenta percreta. Almost 80% of uterine ruptures are spontaneous and its complications lead to an elevated mortality rate for the mother and the fetus. CLINICAL CASES: Case 1. We present the case of a 28-year-old female with no previous relevant medical history. The patient was 20 weeks pregnant with a diagnosis of uterus didelphys (double uterus) with lower placental implantation with normal pregnancy evolution at the time. Evolution of her illness was with intense abdominal pain and transvaginal bleeding. Case 2. We present the case of a 20-year-old female with a history of spontaneous abortion 1 year prior. The patient denied pregnancy and even reported her last menstruation date on 3/23/09. She began with sudden abdominal pain associated with two episodes of diarrhea, dizziness and fainting. CONCLUSION: Uterine rupture is a rare clinical entity with an elevated perinatal mortality. Clinical suspicion is of vital important for early diagnosis and timely treatment.

Apendicitis xantogranulomatosa: reporte de caso y revisión de literatura / Xanthogranulomatous appendicitis: report of a case and literature review

Objetivo: Reportar un caso clínico de apendicitis xantogranulomatosa y realizar una revisión de la literatura. Sede: Hospital Médica Sur (tercer nivel de atención). Diseño: Reporte de caso. Caso clínico: Mujer de 30 años de edad con dolor abdominal compatible clínicamente con apendicitis aguda, se realiza apendicectomía por vía laparoscópica sin complicaciones, reporte de patología de apendicitis xantogranulomatosa. La inflamación xantogranulomatosa del apéndice cecal es una entidad crónica inusual, se desconoce la patogénesis que la desencadena, sin embargo, se ha evidenciado que la isquemia, obstrucción crónica y la ulceración mucosa juegan un papel importante en el desarrollo de este tipo de inflamación. Dentro de los hallazgos histológicos se encuentran células espumosas y zonas de fibrosis fusocelular. Se han descrito seis casos similares en el mundo. Conclusión: Es una entidad poco usual cuyo diagnóstico se realiza por histopatología. Existen varias hipótesis con respecto a su etiología, desde alteración en el transporte de lípidos hasta infecciosas. La importancia de su diagnóstico radica en que puede estar asociado con enfermedades inflamatorias intestinales.

Objective: To report a clinical case of xanthoganulomatous appendicitis, and to perform a literature review. Setting: Hospital Médica Sur (third level health care hospital). Design: Case report. Description of the case: Woman, 30-year-old, coursing with abdominal pain clinically compatible with acute apendicitis. Laparoscopic appendicectomy without complications was performed, pathology reports xanthogranulomatous apendicitis. Xanthogranulomatous inflammation of the cecal appendix is an unusual chronic entity, its pathogenesis is unknown, however, it has been evidenced that ischemia, chronic obstructions, and mucosal ulceration play an important role in the development of this type of inflammation. Within histological findings are spongy cells and fusocellular fibrosis zones. Six similar cases have been described worldwide. Conclusion: This is an uncommon disease, its diagnosis is reached through histopathology. There are several hypotheses with respect to its etiology, from lipids transport alterations to infectious causes. The relevance of its diagnosis is because it might be associated to intestinal inflammatory diseases.

Apendicitis del muñón apendicular: Reporte de caso y revisión de literatura / Appendicitis of the appendicular stump: Case report and review of the literature

Objetivo: Describir el caso de un paciente con apendicitis del muñón apendicular y realizar una revisión de la literatura. Sede: Hospital Médica Sur. Diseño: Caso clínico. Descripción del caso: Masculino de 38 años de edad con antecedente de apendicitis complicada manejada quirúrgicamente hace 15 años. Cursa 48 horas con dolor abdominal tipo cólico, mal localizado, orientado hacia la mitad inferior del abdomen, durante las primeras 24 horas afebril, no náusea ni vómito; durante las siguientes 12 horas, el dolor se intensifica hasta llegar a ser 10 de 10, en hemiabdomen inferior, con fiebre de 38.5°C, con náusea sin vómito. Se encuentran datos de irritación peritoneal, leucocitosis con neutrofilia, estudios paraclínicos de imagen sugerentes de apendicitis aguda, por lo que se decide laparotomía exploradora. Durante la misma se evidencia, a nivel de ciego, remanente apendicular de aproximadamente 1 cm, con cambios isquémicos y perforación a nivel de la base del ciego. Se realiza hemicolectomía derecha con ileo-transverso anastomosis latero-lateral. El estudio histopatológico confirma apendicitis del muñón. Conclusión: Una complicación rara de la apendicectomía es la apendicitis del muñón apendicular, que se presenta cuando no se realiza una resección apendicular adecuada. Esto se debe a mala identificación de la base apendicular, por diversos motivos, lo que condiciona a dejar un muñón apendicular de más de 5 mm.

Objective: To describe a case of appendiceal stump appendicitis and to perform a literature review. Setting: Hospital Médica Sur (Third level health care private hospital). Design: Case report. Description of the case: Man of 28 years of age, with an antecedent of complicated appendicitis managed surgically 15 years ago. The patient had coursed for the last 48 h with colic-type abdominal pain, not well localized, oriented towards the lower half of the abdomen, he was without fever the first 24 h, he presented no nausea nor vomiting; 12 h later the pain intensified until reaching 10 of 10, in the lower hemiabdomen, with fever of 38.5°C and nausea but no vomiting. Peritoneal irritation data were found, leukocytosis with neutrophilia, imaging studies were suggestive of acute appendicitis; hence, it was decided to perform an exploratory laparotomy. During this, an appendicular remnant of approximately 1 cm was evidenced at the base of the cecum. Right hemicolectomy was performed with ileo-transverse latero-lateral anastomosis. The histopathological study confirmed appendicitis of the stump. Conclusion: Appendicitis of the appendiceal stump is a rare complication of appendicectomy, which occurs when the appendicular resection is not performed adequately. This is due to a wrong identification of the appendicular base, for diverse reasons, which leads to leave an appendiceal stump of more than 5 mm.