RESUMO
The identification and reduction of manifestations of stigma associated with HIV/ AIDS among health professionals continues facing significant challenges. Some of these are the measurement of stigma in complex setting such as clinical scenarios. However, with the emergence of mobile technology in recent years, such as smartphones and tablets, possibilities for exploration and reduction of stigma manifestations are enhanced. This article aims to reflect on the ability of the iPad to help assess manifestations of stigma associated with HIV/AIDS within a controlled clinical setting with medical students. It is based on a research experience that was carried out to measure behavioral manifestations of stigma associated with HIV/AIDS among medical students in Puerto Rico. The study integrated the use of iPad in the data's collection, storage and analysis. This article highlights the use of existing applications (Apps) for iPad for the implementation of digital tools to measure stigma towards HIV/AIDS. In discussing the experience of researchers, the iPad's potential and it applications for research on stigma are highlighted. Also, implications for the use of mobile technology in social research are discussed.
RESUMO
HIV-related stigma among nurses can impact health care services for people with HIV/AIDS (PWHA). health care professionals' religious views can potentially foster stigmatizing attitudes. There is scarce scientific literature exploring the role of religion on HIV/AIDS stigma among nurses. This study aimed to explore the role of religion in the stigmatization of PWHA by nurses in Puerto Rico. We conducted an exploratory study using qualitative techniques. We conducted 40 in-depth interviews with nurses who provided services to PWHA. Three main factors emerged in the analysis as contributors to HIV/AIDS stigmatization: (1) nurses' personal religious experiences, (2) religion as a rationale for HIV-related stigma, and (3) religious practices during health care delivery. The results show that religious beliefs play a role in how nurses understood HIV/AIDS and provided service. Results point toward the need for interventions that address personal religious beliefs while reducing HIV/AIDS stigma among nurses.
Assuntos
Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros/psicologia , Religião , Estigma Social , Adulto , Idoso , Atenção à Saúde , Feminino , Hispânico ou Latino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Porto Rico/epidemiologia , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Estereotipagem , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Nurses' stigmatization of people living with HIV/AIDS hinders effective health care provisions for this sector of the population. Scientific literature on HIV/AIDS stigma has emphasized cognitive, individual, and interpersonal factors that are relevant to the understanding of the stigmatization process among health care professionals (e.g. a health care professional's accuracy in knowledge of the workings of the virus, effectiveness of emotion management, degree of proximity to the stigmatized group, etc.). However, researchers have also examined the socio-structural factors underlying stigma, and religion has consequently emerged as a social phenomenon that may foster it. The role of religion among professional nurses who specifically service people living with HIV/AIDS remains understudied. Focusing on evidence-based literature, we discuss the relationship between religion and HIV/AIDS stigma, explore potential implications of this relationship for the nursing profession, and make recommendations for stigma-reducing interventions.
RESUMO
HIV/AIDS stigma continues affecting the provision of health services to people living with HIV/AIDS, as well as their physical and mental well-being. Scientific literature has highlighted the importance of understanding stigma manifestations that surpass one-on-one social interactions. For that reason, social research in Puerto Rico and elsewhere has highlighted the importance of understanding the Socio-Structural Factors (SSF) that foster HIV/AIDS stigma. With the objective of exploring the SSF that influence stigma manifestations related to HIV/AIDS, we conducted 9 focus groups composed by women and men on HIV/AIDS treatment that had experienced social stigma related to the disease. Participants identified SSF that they understood were related to stigma such as a) development of housing projects for people with HIV/AIDS, b) decentralization of health related services, and c) health services administrative protocols that fostered exclusion. Results evidence the importance of addressing SSF when developing stigma related interventions for this population.
