RESUMO
Objective@#In humans, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an androgen-dependent ovarian disorder. Aberrant gene expression in folliculogenesis can arrest the transition of preantral to antral follicles, leading to PCOS. We explored the possible role of altered gene expression in preantral follicles of estradiol valerate (EV) induced polycystic ovaries (PCO) in a mouse model. @*Methods@#Twenty female balb/c mice (8 weeks, 20.0±1.5 g) were grouped into control and PCO groups. PCO was induced by intramuscular EV injection. After 8 weeks, the animals were killed by cervical dislocation. Blood serum (for hormonal assessments using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique) was aspirated, and ovaries (the right ovary for histological examinations and the left for quantitative real-time polymerase) were dissected. @*Results@#Compared to the control group, the PCO group showed significantly lower values for the mean body weight, number of preantral and antral follicles, serum levels of estradiol, luteinizing hormone, testosterone, and follicle-stimulating hormone, and gene expression of TGFB1, GDF-9 and BMPR2 (p0.05) were found in BMP6 or BMP15 expression. @*Conclusions@#In animals with EV-induced PCO, the preantral follicles did not develop into antral follicles. In this mouse model, the gene expression of TGFB1, GDF9, and BMPR2 was lower in preantral follicles, which is probably related to the pathologic conditions of PCO. Hypoandrogenism was also detected in this EV-induced murine PCO model.
RESUMO
Objective@#In humans, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an androgen-dependent ovarian disorder. Aberrant gene expression in folliculogenesis can arrest the transition of preantral to antral follicles, leading to PCOS. We explored the possible role of altered gene expression in preantral follicles of estradiol valerate (EV) induced polycystic ovaries (PCO) in a mouse model. @*Methods@#Twenty female balb/c mice (8 weeks, 20.0±1.5 g) were grouped into control and PCO groups. PCO was induced by intramuscular EV injection. After 8 weeks, the animals were killed by cervical dislocation. Blood serum (for hormonal assessments using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique) was aspirated, and ovaries (the right ovary for histological examinations and the left for quantitative real-time polymerase) were dissected. @*Results@#Compared to the control group, the PCO group showed significantly lower values for the mean body weight, number of preantral and antral follicles, serum levels of estradiol, luteinizing hormone, testosterone, and follicle-stimulating hormone, and gene expression of TGFB1, GDF-9 and BMPR2 (p0.05) were found in BMP6 or BMP15 expression. @*Conclusions@#In animals with EV-induced PCO, the preantral follicles did not develop into antral follicles. In this mouse model, the gene expression of TGFB1, GDF9, and BMPR2 was lower in preantral follicles, which is probably related to the pathologic conditions of PCO. Hypoandrogenism was also detected in this EV-induced murine PCO model.
RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Vasectomy is the safest and most reliable method of all the contraception methods, but azoospermia is not achieved immediately by this method. We decided to determine whether irrigation of the vas deferens with sterile water or hypertonic saline solution irrigation during vasectomy would reduce the time needed to obtain azoospermia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 126 fertile men presented for vasectomy were divided in 3 groups. No-scalpel vasectomy was done for all of the participants and irrigation of the vas deferens was carried out during the procedure in 2 groups with either sterile water or hypertonic saline solution (9 g/L sodium chloride solution). Forty-two participants underwent vasectomy without irrigation. Semen analysis was performed at 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks after vasectomy. RESULTS: Azoospermia was achieved in all of the men with sterile water after 12 weeks, while at the end of the study (16 weeks) it was achieved in 37 (88.1%) of those with saline solution and in 11 (26.2%) of those without irrigation. There were significant differences in the rates of azoospermia between the participant with sterile water and saline solution at 8 weeks (38.1% versus zero; P < .001), 12 weeks (100% versus 30.9%; P < .001), and 16 weeks (100% versus 88.1%; P = .02). No pregnancy developed during the follow-up and no complication was reported. CONCLUSION: Vasal irrigation with sterile water and hypertonic saline solution during vasectomy were effective in removing sperm from the distal vas and increasing the rate at which men achieved azoospermia. Sterile water was a promising option with no complications.
