Opopanax gum and essential oil-based antimicrobial film reinforced with bismuth oxide nanoparticles: Production, characterization, and application in the storage of quail fillets.

The aim of this study was to the production of an active film based on Prangos ferulacea root gum, using its leaf's essential oil (PFEO) (0-3 %) and bismuth oxide nanoparticles (Bi2O3NPs) (0-3 %). Then, the developed film was used for packaging of quail fillet. Response surface methodology was used to evaluate the effect of PFEO and Bi2O3NPs on films' properties. Optimum formulation, including 1.5 % PFEO and 1 % Bi2O3NPs, was achieved based on numerical optimization. The optimum film was produced and compared with the control film (based on Prangos ferulacea root gum, without PFEO and Bi2O3NPs). According to the results, adding PFEO and Bi2O3NPs to the film formulation increased the thickness and antioxidant activity of the film and decreased moisture content, solubility, water vapor permeability, and whiteness index (p < 0.05). The optimum film indicated high antimicrobial effects on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The pH, TVBN, TBA values, coliform, and total bacterial counts of quail fillet packed with the optimum film were lower and sensorial scores were higher than the control samples during the storage(p < 0.05).

A novel source of food hydrocolloids from Trigonella elliptica seeds: extraction of mucilage and comprehensive characterization.

BACKGROUND: In this study, the effects of seed weight (4, 8, and 12 g), extraction temperature (30, 60, and 90 °C), and pH (4, 7, and 10) on the yield of mucilage extraction from fenugreek seeds and its chemical properties were investigated using response-surface methodology. RESULTS: The optimum condition for mucilage extraction was a seed weight of 8.30 g, a temperature of 86.10 °C, and pH 6.90. The results showed that the dry weight of extracted mucilage increased with increase and decrease of extraction temperature and pH respectively at high seed weight. Increasing temperature and pH increased the extraction yield, and the effect was more considerable at low seed weight. The maximum carbohydrate content of mucilage was achieved at average levels of variables. The protein, flavonoid, and total phenolic contents of extracted mucilage increased with increasing temperature. Both flavonoid and total phenolic contents were maximum at neutral pH, but they were maximum at moderate and low levels of seed weight respectively. Maximum antioxidant activity was obtained at the highest extraction temperature, seed weight of 8 g, and neutral pH. The study of rheological properties indicated that extracted mucilage solution showed mainly elastic and shear-thinning behavior. CONCLUSION: The Fourier transform infrared spectra of extracted mucilage exhibited the existence of polysaccharides and protein chains in fenugreek seeds mucilage. The X-ray diffraction corroborated the presence of crystals in the mucilage structure. The proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra confirmed the polysaccharides and protein composition of extracted mucilage. The maximum mucilage mass loss was observed at 190-350 °C using thermogravimetric analysis. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

Discernment of grape rootstocks base on their response to salt stress using selected characteristics in combination with chemometric tools.

In the present study, first, the 19 parameters of 21 grapevine rootstocks under salinity were measured. Then chemometrics methods including principal component analysis (PCA) and quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA) were used to select the most significant and responsible characteristics for discrimination of grapevine rootstocks. For QDA, the 19 parameters were arranged in 4 sets. The first set includes total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, total anthocyanin content, and free radicals scavenging activity showed 88.10% correct classification. The second set (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and catalase activity) had 94.64% correct classification. Na+, K+, K+/Na+, electrolyte leakage, and malondialdehyde content parameters were in the third set and had 89.29% correct discrimination. The best discrimination was obtained by the fourth set, including total carbohydrate content, total protein content, proline, glycine-betaine, chlorophyll a, and chlorophyll b characteristics with 100% correct discrimination.