Effects of Increasing Glycerin Levels in Broiler Chickens.

Glycerin contributes to the animal's energy metabolism as an important structural component of triglycerides and phospholipids. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of replacing corn with 0, 5, 10, and 15% of glycerin in terms of performance, digestibility, carcass yield, relative weights of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) organs, and nutrient metabolism. Four hundred chickens (40.0 g ± 0.05 g) were distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments and five replicates. Growth parameters were measured at 7, 14, 21, and 42 days. Digestibility of crude protein and fat, carcass yield, relative weights of GIT organs, and biochemical blood profile were measured. The results were subject to an analysis of variance by Tukey's HSD test (p > 0.05). The inclusion of 5%, 10%, or 15% of glycerin did not influence performance or affect the crude protein and fat digestibility in broilers (p > 0.05) when compared to that of the basal (0%) diet. Similarly, the supplementation of glycerin levels showed no significant influence (p > 0.05) on the relative GIT organ weights, carcass yield, or nutrient metabolism. Thus, we concluded that glycerin may be included in the broilers' diets in rations of up to 15%.

Effects of the Addition of Trichoderma reesei Cellulase to Broiler Chicken Diets for a 21-Day Period.

The cellulose present in the cell wall of vegetables prevents the greater release of nutrients to the animal. Therefore, the use of the cellulase enzyme is a viable strategy as it is capable of breaking cellulose bonds, releasing nutrients such as glucose, increasing dietary energy, and thus improving the productive performance of birds. Trichoderma reesei is efficient in the production of cellulase, which is produced via submerged fermentation followed by purification, formulation, and drying. Therefore, an experiment was carried out using 240 male broilers of the Cobb-500® lineage to verify the effects resulting from the addition of powdered (500 g/t and 1000 g/t) and liquid (500 mL/t) cellulase over a period of 1 to 21 days. A completely randomized experimental design was used, consisting of four treatments with six replications and ten birds per replication that were housed in an experimental cage. It was observed that performance and digestibility results were significantly different with cellulase supplementation. Also, the relative weight of the large intestine in the period between one and seven days increased when cellulase was added at 1000 g/t. In the period of between eight and 14 days of life, the birds that consumed only the basal diet obtained higher levels of liver protein than those that received the treatments with the addition of the enzyme. However, 15 and 21 days, the consumed feed effect did not occur between thus, it is not conclusive whether hepatotoxicity occurs with the addition of cellulase. For the blood parameters, at 21 days, the diets with added cellulase were not significantly different regarding electrolytes. It was concluded that this cellulase produced by Trichoderma reesei can be included in the animals' diet.

Hearing health network: a spatial analysis / Rede de saúde auditiva: uma análise espacial

INTRODUCTION: In order to meet the demands of the patient population with hearing impairment, the Hearing Health Care Network was created, consisting of primary care actions of medium and high complexity. Spatial analysis through geoprocessing is a way to understand the organization of such services. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the organization of the Hearing Health Care Network of the State of Minas Gerais. METHODS: Cross-sectional analytical study using geoprocessing techniques. The absolute frequency and the frequency per 1000 inhabitants of the following variables were analyzed: assessment and diagnosis, selection and adaptation of hearing aids, follow-up, and speech therapy. The spatial analysis unit was the health micro-region. RESULTS: The assessment and diagnosis, selection, and adaptation of hearing aids and follow-up had a higher absolute number in the micro-regions with hearing health services. The follow-up procedure showed the lowest occurrence. Speech therapy showed higher occurrence in the state, both in absolute numbers, as well as per population. CONCLUSION: The use of geoprocessing techniques allowed the identification of the care flow as a function of the procedure performance frequency, population concentration, and territory distribution. All procedures offered by the Hearing Health Care Network are performed for users of all micro-regions of the state. .

INTRODUÇÃO: Para atender às demandas da população com deficiência auditiva, o SUS criou as Redes Estaduais de Atenção à Saúde Auditiva, compostas por ações na atenção básica, média e alta complexidade. Uma forma de se compreender a organização desses serviços nos territórios de saúde é utilizando-se análise espacial, realizada por meio do geoprocessamento. OBJETIVO: Analisar a organização da Rede Estadual de Atenção à Saúde Auditiva em Minas Gerais. MÉTODO: Estudo analítico transversal, utilizando-se técnicas de geoprocessamento. Foram analisadas a frequência absoluta e frequência por mil habitantes das variáveis: avaliação e diagnóstico, seleção e adaptação de AASI, acompanhamento e terapia fonoaudiológica. A unidade de análise espacial foi a microrregião de saúde. RESULTADOS: Os procedimentos avaliação e diagnóstico, seleção e adaptação de AASI e acompanhamento tiveram maior número absoluto nas microrregiões onde há Serviços de Saúde Auditiva credenciados. O procedimento de acompanhamento apresentou a menor ocorrência no Estado. O procedimento terapia fonoaudiológica apresentou maior ocorrência, tanto em valor absoluto quanto por população. CONCLUSÃO: A utilização do geoprocessamento permitiu identificar o fluxo do atendimento em função da frequência de realização dos procedimentos, concentração populacional e distribuição territorial. Todos os procedimentos analisados são realizados em usuários em todas as microrregiões do Estado. .

Hearing health network: a spatial analysis.

INTRODUCTION: In order to meet the demands of the patient population with hearing impairment, the Hearing Health Care Network was created, consisting of primary care actions of medium and high complexity. Spatial analysis through geoprocessing is a way to understand the organization of such services. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the organization of the Hearing Health Care Network of the State of Minas Gerais. METHODS: Cross-sectional analytical study using geoprocessing techniques. The absolute frequency and the frequency per 1000 inhabitants of the following variables were analyzed: assessment and diagnosis, selection and adaptation of hearing aids, follow-up, and speech therapy. The spatial analysis unit was the health micro-region. RESULTS: The assessment and diagnosis, selection, and adaptation of hearing aids and follow-up had a higher absolute number in the micro-regions with hearing health services. The follow-up procedure showed the lowest occurrence. Speech therapy showed higher occurrence in the state, both in absolute numbers, as well as per population. CONCLUSION: The use of geoprocessing techniques allowed the identification of the care flow as a function of the procedure performance frequency, population concentration, and territory distribution. All procedures offered by the Hearing Health Care Network are performed for users of all micro-regions of the state.