Caryocar brasiliense peel ethanolic extract has neuroprotective potential and reduces the activation of ERK1/2 in the ischemia and reperfusion brain acute phase in the rat.

Oxidative stress induced by ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury results in cell death by necrosis or apoptosis and triggers the activation of different intracellular pathways, such as mitogen-activated protein activated kinases. Pequi (Caryocar brasiliense) peel, residue of a fruit from Brazilian savannah-like vegetation, has phenolic compounds that have been demonstrated to have antioxidant effects in vitro. The present study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of C. brasiliense peel ethanolic extract (CBPE) against transient global I/R injury in the rat brain. Global ischemia for 5, 20, and 45 min followed by 2 h of reperfusion caused a significant time-dependent increase in the number of ischemic neurons (p ≤ 0.05); increased immunoreactivity of cleaved caspase-3 (CASP3); and activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2. Pretreatment with CBPE (600 mg/kg, oral) or vitamin E (0.6 mg, oral) for 30 days showed significant protection against acute brain injury induced by 20 and 45 min or 5 min of ischemia, respectively, by reducing the cortical ischemic neuron count (p ≤ 0.05) and p-ERK1/2 immunoreactivity. In addition, active c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) immunoreactivity was reduced in animals not subjected to ischemia. Therefore, we suggest an association between vitamin E and CBPE, which may generate a better neuroprotective response. Interestingly, mainly in the hippocampus and oligodendrocytes, high dose CBPE increase the number of isquemic neurons and of CASP3 immunoreactive cells in animals subjected or not to ischemia, which was not verified in the vitamin E group. Therefore, additional studies are recommended to verify the safety of the continuous use of CBPE.

A humanized nanobody phage display library yields potent binders of SARS CoV-2 spike.

Neutralizing antibodies targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein have shown a great preventative/therapeutic potential. Here, we report a rapid and efficient strategy for the development and design of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing humanized nanobody constructs with sub-nanomolar affinities and nanomolar potencies. CryoEM-based structural analysis of the nanobodies in complex with spike revealed two distinct binding modes. The most potent nanobody, RBD-1-2G(NCATS-BL8125), tolerates the N501Y RBD mutation and remains capable of neutralizing the B.1.1.7 (Alpha) variant. Molecular dynamics simulations provide a structural basis for understanding the neutralization process of nanobodies exclusively focused on the spike-ACE2 interface with and without the N501Y mutation on RBD. A primary human airway air-lung interface (ALI) ex vivo model showed that RBD-1-2G-Fc antibody treatment was effective at reducing viral burden following WA1 and B.1.1.7 SARS-CoV-2 infections. Therefore, this presented strategy will serve as a tool to mitigate the threat of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Distúrbio mineral e ósseo: prevalência subestimada nos estágios iniciais da doença renal crônica / Mineral and bone disorder: underestimated prevalence in the early stages of chronic kidney disease / Trastorno mineral y óseo: prevalencia subestimada en las primeras fases de la enfermedad renal crónica

Introdução: o objetivo foi avaliar a prevalência do distúrbio mineral e ósseo em pacientes com doença renal crônica e a associação entre Taxa de Filtração Glomerular estimada (TFGe) e os indicadores do distúrbio mineral e ósseo (DMO) (cálcio, fósforo e PTH) em pacientes renais crônicos não dialíticos. Materiais e Métodos: estudo seccional da linha de base de uma coorte de dois anos, com adultos e idosos renais crônicos em tratamento conservador. Para identificação do DMO utilizamos os seguintes valores séricos: PTH (> 150 pg/mL) e/ou hipocalcemia (Ca < 8,8mg/dl) e/ou hiperfosfatemia (P > 4,6 mg/dl). Na análise estatística utilizou-se: regressão de Poisson; T de Student, Mann Whitney e correlações de Pearson e Spearman. Nível de significância foi de 5%. Resultados: prevalência de DMO de 54,6% (n=41) (IC 95%: 43,45 - 65,43). A maior prevalência de DMO foi em pessoas do sexo feminino, alfabetizadas, idosas, não etilistas, não tabagistas, sedentárias e de cor de pele branca, porém, sem diferença estatística entre os grupos com e sem DMO. As correlações entre P e PTH com TFGe foram significativas, inversas, de força moderada (p= <0,005 e p = 0,003; coeficientes de correlação = - 0,312 e - 0,379 respectivamente). Discussão:os achados desse estudo mostraram que existe uma lacuna no acompanhamento do DMO-DRC pela atenção primária e a prática clínica deve ser revista. Conclusão:identificou-se prevalência robusta de DMO nos estágios precoces da DRC, além de correlações significativas entre o aumento dos níveis de fósforo e PTH e piora das funções renais.

Introduction: mineral and bone disorder (BMD) is a serious complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) that increases risks for death from cardiovascular causes and impairs quality of life of affected patients. Objetive: to evaluate the prevalence of BMD in patients with CKD and the association between estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) and BMD indicators (calcium, phosphorus and PTH) in non-dialysis patients. Materials and Methods:sectional study of a two-year cohort of chronic renal adults and elderly patients on conservative treatment. BMD was identified by serum values of: PTH (> 150 pg/mL) and/or hypocalcemia (Ca < 8.8mg/dl) and/or hyperphosphatemia (P > 4.6 mg/dl). The statistical analysis used: Poisson regression; Student's T, Mann Whitney and Pearson and Spearman correlations with 5% significance level. Results:BMD prevalence was 54.6% (n=41) (95% CI: 43.45 - 65.43), more frequent in women, literate, elderly, non-drinkers, non-smokers, sedentary and white skin color. Correlations between P and PTH with GFRe were significant, inverse, moderate strength (p= <0.005 and p = 0.003; correlation coefficients = - 0.312 and - 0.379 respectively). Discussion: the findings of this study highlighted gaps in the monitoring of BMD-DRC by primary care, requiring a review of clinical practices. Conclusion: robust prevalence of BMD in the early stages of CKD was identified, in addition to correlations between increased phosphorus and PTH levels and worsening kidney function.

Introducciòn: el trastorno mineral y óseo (TMO) es una complicación grave de la enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) que aumenta el riesgo de muerte por causas cardiovasculares y deteriora la calidad de vida de los pacientes afectados. Objetivo: evaluar la prevalencia de la DMO en pacientes con RDC y la asociación entre la tasa de filtración glomerular estimada (TFGe) y los indicadores de DMO (calcio, fósforo y PTH) en pacientes no dialíticos. Materiales y Métodos: estudio seccional de una cohorte de dos años de pacientes renales crónicos adultos y ancianos en tratamiento conservador. La DMO se identificó por los valores séricos de: PTH (> 150 pg/mL) y/o hipocalcemia (Ca < 8,8mg/dl) y/o hiperfosfatemia (P > 4,6 mg/dl). El análisis estadístico utilizado: regresión de Poisson; T de Student, Mann Whitney y correlaciones de Pearson y Spearman con un nivel de significación del 5%. Resultados: la prevalencia de DMO fue del 54,6% (n=41) (IC 95%: 43,45 - 65,43), más frecuente en mujeres, alfabetizadas, de edad avanzada, no bebedoras, no fumadoras, sedentarias y de color de piel blanca. Las correlaciones entre el P y la PTH con el GFRe fueron significativas, inversas, de fuerza moderada (p= <0,005 y p = 0,003; coeficientes de correlación = - 0,312 y - 0,379 respectivamente). Discusión: los resultados de este estudio evidencian lagunas en el seguimiento de la DMO-DRC por parte de la atención primaria, lo que requiere una revisión de las prácticas clínicas. Conclusión: se identificó una fuerte prevalencia de la DMO en las primeras fases de la ERC, además de correlaciones entre el aumento de los niveles de fósforo y PTH y el empeoramiento de la función renal.

Barrier proteins and eosinophilic esophagitis in children: the role of E-cadherin and filaggrin

This study aimed to assess the protein expression of E-cadherin and filaggrin (FLG) in the oesophagus of paediatric and adolescent patients diagnosed with eosinophilic esophagi-tis (EoE). It is a cross-sectional study conducted with 24 patients with EoE and 17 control patients, from June 2015 to June 2018. The histological analyses were performed by a trained pathologist. The protein expression of E-cadherin and FLG in oesophageal biopsy fragments was determined using an immunohistochemical technique. The epidemiological data were retrieved from medical records. There were no statistical differences in age and sex between case-patients and control patients. Food allergy was significantly higher in patients with EoE, as was the number of eosinophils present in the oesophageal biopsy materials. The immu-nohistochemical studies did not indicate FLG expression in any patient from the two groups. E-cadherin showed significantly reduced expression in patients with EoE. We concluded that FLG did not seem to play an important role in the mucosal alteration in EoE and that E-cadherin under expression could be a promising marker of epithelial damage in these patients.© 2022 Codon Publications. Published by Codon Publications (AU)

A humanized nanobody phage display library yields potent binders of SARS CoV-2 spike.

Neutralizing antibodies targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein have shown a great preventative/therapeutic potential. Here, we report a rapid and efficient strategy for the development and design of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing humanized nanobody constructs with sub-nanomolar affinities and nanomolar potencies. CryoEM-based structural analysis of the nanobodies in complex with spike revealed two distinct binding modes. The most potent nanobody, RBD-1-2G(NCATS-BL8125), tolerates the N501Y RBD mutation and remains capable of neutralizing the B.1.1.7 (Alpha) variant. Molecular dynamics simulations provide a structural basis for understanding the neutralization process of nanobodies exclusively focused on the spike-ACE2 interface with and without the N501Y mutation on RBD. A primary human airway air-lung interface (ALI) ex vivo model showed that RBD-1-2G-Fc antibody treatment was effective at reducing viral burden following WA1 and B.1.1.7 SARS-CoV-2 infections. Therefore, this presented strategy will serve as a tool to mitigate the threat of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Coral reef fishes reveal strong divergence in the prevalence of traits along the global diversity gradient.

Coral reefs are experiencing declines due to climate change and local human impacts. While at a local scale these impacts induce biodiversity loss and shifts in community structure, previous biogeographical analyses recorded consistent taxonomic structure of fish communities across global coral reefs. This suggests that regional communities represent a random subset of the global species and traits pool, whatever their species richness. Using distributional data on 3586 fish species and latest advances in species distribution models, we show marked gradients in the prevalence of size classes and diet categories across the biodiversity gradient. This divergence in trait structure is best explained by reef isolation during past unfavourable climatic conditions, with large and piscivore fishes better represented in isolated areas. These results suggest the risk of a global community re-organization if the ongoing climate-induced reef fragmentation is not halted.

The humanized nanobody RBD-1-2G tolerates the spike N501Y mutation to neutralize SARS-CoV-2

Neutralizing antibodies targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein have shown a great preventative/therapeutic potential. Here, we report a rapid and efficient strategy for the development and design of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing humanized nanobody constructs with sub-nanomolar affinities and nanomolar potencies. CryoEM-based structural analysis of the nanobodies in complex with spike revealed two distinct binding modes. The most potent nanobody, RBD-1-2G(NCATS-BL8125), tolerates the N501Y RBD mutation and remains capable of neutralizing the B.1.1.7 (Alpha) variant. Molecular dynamics simulations provide a structural basis for understanding the neutralization process of nanobodies exclusively focused on the spike-ACE2 interface with and without the N501Y mutation on RBD. A primary human airway air-lung interface (ALI) ex vivo model showed that RBD-1-2G-Fc antibody treatment was effective at reducing viral burden following WA1 and B.1.1.7 SARS-CoV-2 infections. Therefore, this presented strategy will serve as a tool to mitigate the threat of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Beam image-shift accelerated data acquisition for near-atomic resolution single-particle cryo-electron tomography.

Tomographic reconstruction of cryopreserved specimens imaged in an electron microscope followed by extraction and averaging of sub-volumes has been successfully used to derive atomic models of macromolecules in their biological environment. Eliminating biochemical isolation steps required by other techniques, this method opens up the cell to in-situ structural studies. However, the need to compensate for errors in targeting introduced during mechanical navigation of the specimen significantly slows down tomographic data collection thus limiting its practical value. Here, we introduce protocols for tilt-series acquisition and processing that accelerate data collection speed by up to an order of magnitude and improve map resolution compared to existing approaches. We achieve this by using beam-image shift to multiply the number of areas imaged at each stage position, by integrating geometrical constraints during imaging to achieve high precision targeting, and by performing per-tilt astigmatic CTF estimation and data-driven exposure weighting to improve final map resolution. We validated our beam image-shift electron cryo-tomography (BISECT) approach by determining the structure of a low molecular weight target (~300 kDa) at 3.6 Å resolution where density for individual side chains is clearly resolved.

Contribuição de acadêmicos de enfermagem na melhoria da qualidade de vida de idosos institucionalizados: revisão / Contribution of nursing academics in improving the quality of life of institutionalized elderly: review / Contribución de las academias de enfermería para mejorar la calidad de vida de los ancianos institucionalizados: revisión

Objetivo: Visou realizar a identificação das ações que quando executadas por acadêmicos de enfermagem propiciam uma melhoria da qualidade de vida de idosos institucionalizados. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa construída a partir da questão norteadora "Quais as contribuições dos acadêmicos de enfermagem para melhoria da qualidade de vida dos idosos institucionalizados?" Após o processo de busca na literatura foram selecionados 9(100%) artigos, sendo o ano de 2016 o de maior frequência de publicações com 3(33,33%) artigos encontrados. Resultados: Diante da leitura e estudo da literatura constatou-se que as atividades desenvolvidas pelos discentes juntamente os idosos, surtiram efeitos positivos, os quais podem colaborar para a manutenção da saúde e interação social. Conclusão: Com os resultados obtidos acredita-se que, ao pôr em prática esses métodos, oferta-se uma forma de envelhecimento saudável e ativo. Isso traz em tona a discussão sobre os fatores que influenciam na qualidade de vida dos idosos institucionalizados.(AU)

Objective: To identify actions that, when nursing students perform, provide an improvement in the quality of life of institutionalized elderly. Method: This is an integrative review constructed from the issue of guidance "What are the contributions of nursing students to improve the quality of life of institutionalized elderly?" after the literature search process, 9 (100%) 2016 as the most frequent number of publications with 3 (33.33%) found items. Results: In view of reading and studying the literature, it was found that the activities developed by the students together with the elderly had positive effects, which can contribute to the maintenance of health and social interaction. Conclusion: With the results obtained it is believed that, putting these methods into practice, a healthy and active form of aging is offered. This raises the debate about the factors that influence the quality of life of institutionalized elderly.(AU)

Objetivo: Identificar las acciones que, al realizar los estudiantes de enfermería, proporcionen una mejora en la calidad de vida de los ancianos institucionalizados. Método: Se trata de una revisión integradora construida a partir de la cuestión de la orientación "¿Cuáles son las contribuciones de los estudiantes de enfermería para mejorar la calidad de vida de los ancianos institucionalizados?", después del proceso de búsqueda de literatura, 9 (100%) 2016 como el número más frecuente de publicaciones con 3 (33,33%) artículos encontrados. Resultados: En vista de la lectura y el estudio de la literatura, se encontró que las actividades desarrolladas por los estudiantes junto con los ancianos tuvieron efectos positivos, que pueden contribuir al mantenimiento de la salud y la interacción social. Conclusión: Con los resultados obtenidos se cree que, poniendo en práctica estos métodos, se ofrece una forma saludable y activa de envejecimiento. Esto plantea el debate sobre los factores que influyen en la calidad de vida de los ancianos institucionalizados.(AU)

Fatores relacionados ao diabetes mellitus que podem influenciar no autocuidado / Diabetes mellitus-related factors that may influence in the self-care / Factores relacionados a los diabetes mellitus que pueden influenciar en el autocuidado

Objetivos: Identificar o perfil dos indivíduos maiores de 18 anos, portadores de Diabetes Meliitus (DM) tipo 1 e 2, de ambos os sexos acompanhados nas ESF da zona rural do município de Divinópolis-MG e os tipos de autocuidado realizados. Método: Estudo descritivo, quantitativo através de um instrumento adaptado e do Questionário de Atividades de Autocuidado com o Diabetes. Resultados: Dentre os 107 entrevistados, 42,1% têm idade acima de 65 anos, 62,6% são do sexo feminino com igual porcentagem para os indivíduos que possuem ensino fundamental incompleto e são casados, 65,4% apresentam outro problema de saúde, sendo 58,7% Hipertensão Arterial. Na identificação do autocuidado, obteve-se maior prevalência as respostas referentes à "medicação" (96,3%), ao contrário da "atividade física" (18,7%), que obteve menor prevalência. Conclusão: a pesquisa evidencia que as pessoas aderem mais ao tratamento medicamentoso do que a mudanças no hábito de vida.(AU)

Objectives: To identify the profile of individuals older than 18 years of age, with type 1 and type 2 Diabetes Meliitus (DM), of both sexes followed in the FHS of the rural area of the city of Divinópolis-MG and the types of self-care performed. Method: Descriptive, quantitative study using an adapted instrument and the Diabetes Self-Care Activities Questionnaire. Results: Among the 107 interviewees, 42.1% are over 65 years of age, 62.6% are female, with the same percentage for individuals who have incomplete elementary education and are married, 65.4% have another health problem, being 58.7% Hypertension. In the identification of self-care, responses to "medication" (96.3%) were more prevalent, as opposed to "physical activity" (18.7%), which had a lower prevalence. Conclusion: the research shows that people adhere more to medication treatment than changes in lifestyle.(AU)

Objetivos: Identificar el perfil de los individuos mayores de 18 años, portadores de Diabetes Meliitus (DM) tipo 1 y 2, de ambos sexos acompañados en las ESF de la zona rural del municipio de Divinópolis-MG y los tipos de autocuidado realizados. Método: Estudio descriptivo, cuantitativo a través de un instrumento adaptado y del Cuestionario de Actividades de Autocuidado con la Diabetes. Resultados: Entre los 107 entrevistados, el 42,1% tiene edad por encima de 65 años, el 62,6% son del sexo femenino con igual porcentaje para los individuos que poseen enseñanza fundamental incompleta y están casados, el 65,4% presenta otro problema de salud siendo 58,7% Hipertensión Arterial. En la identificación del autocuidado, se obtuvo mayor prevalencia las respuestas referentes a la "medicación" (96,3%), al contrario de la "actividad física" (18,7%), que obtuvo menor prevalencia. Conclusión: la investigación evidencia que las personas se adhieren más al tratamiento medicamentoso que a los cambios en el hábito de vida.(AU)

Prevalência da hipertensão arterial sistêmica em crianças da rede pública estadual de ensino de Carmo do Cajuru-MG / Prevalence of systemic arterial hypertension in children of the state public network of Carmel of Cajuru-MG / Prevalencia de hipertensión arterial sistémica en niños de la red pública estatal de Carmo de Cajuru-MG

Objetivo: Analisar estudantes dos sextos anos das escolas públicas estaduais do município de Carmo do Cajuru/MG com o intuito de identificar aqueles com predisposição e prevalência à Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica. Método: Pesquisa quantitativa, descritiva, de delineamento transversal. Foi utilizado questionário estruturado destinados aos pais ou responsáveis legais pelas crianças, bem como a realização de medidas antropométricas e aferição da pressão arterial. As variáveis de interesse foram analisadas e apresentadas utilizando a estatística descritiva, média, frequência absoluta e porcentagem. Resultados: A amostra estudada contou com a participação de 119 (64 meninas e 53 meninos) das quais 65,5% com 11 anos e 33,9% com 12 anos. Com relação à média da pressão arterial 100% dos meninos e 93,7% das meninas dispuseram dentro dos limites normais. Conclusão: A partir da realização deste estudo, vemos que se fazem necessárias reflexões sobre agentes considerados como fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento da hipertensão.(AU)

Objective: To analyze sixth year students from state public schools in the municipality of Carmo do Cajuru / MG in order to identify those with a predisposition and prevalence to Systemic Arterial Hypertension. Method: Quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional research. A structured questionnaire was used for parents or legal guardians of the children, as well as anthropometric measurements and blood pressure measurements. The variables of interest were analyzed and presented using descriptive statistics, mean, absolute frequency and percentage. Results: The studied sample counted with the participation of 119 (64 girls and 53 boys) of which 65.5% were 11 years old and 33.9% were 12 years old. Regarding the mean blood pressure, 100% of the boys and 93.7% of the girls were within normal limits. Conclusion: From the realization of this study, we see that it is necessary to reflect on agents considered to be risk factors for the development of hypertension.(AU)

Objetivo: Analizar estudiantes de sexto año de escuelas públicas del municipio de Carmo do Cajuru / MG para identificar a aquellos con predisposición y prevalencia de hipertensión arterial sistémica. Método: Investigación cuantitativa, descriptiva, transversal. Se utilizó un cuestionario estructurado para los padres o tutores legales de los niños, así como mediciones antropométricas y mediciones de la presión arterial. Las variables de interés se analizaron y presentaron mediante estadística descriptiva, media, frecuencia absoluta y porcentaje. Resultados: La muestra estudiada contó con la participación de 119 (64 niñas y 53 niños) de los cuales 65.5% tenían 11 años y 33.9% tenían 12 años. En cuanto a la presión arterial media, el 100% de los niños y el 93,7% de las niñas se encontraban dentro de los límites normales. Conclusión: a partir de la realización de este estudio, vemos que es necesario reflexionar sobre los agentes considerados factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de hipertensión.(AU)

Conhecimento sobre câncer de mama entre enfermeiros da atenção primária de Divinópolis/MG / Knowledge about breast cancer among primary care nurses in Divinópolis/MG / Conocimiento sobre el cáncer de mama entre las enfermeras de atención primaria en Divinópolis/MG

Objetivo: ava¬liação do nível de conhecimento dos enfermeiros da atenção primária da rede pública de Divinópolis (MG) sobre o câncer de mama. Método: pesquisa quantitativa, descritiva, de delineamento transversal com profissionais de enfermagem, que atuavam há pelo menos um ano na rede municipal de saúde. Foi utilizado questionário estruturado, analisada a distribuição das variáveis de interesse e para apresentação dos mesmos, utilizou-se a estatística descritiva, média, frequência absoluta e porcentagem. Resultado: Foi identificado o conhecimento pelos entrevistados, sendo a mamografia o exame mais indicado para diagnóstico precoce, porém foi identificado duvidas na idade e periodicidade recomendada para realização do exame, e os fatores limitantes ao rastreamento mais referidos foram o desconhecimento da população e o equipamento insuficiente. Conclusão: Fazem-se necessários a abordagem do tema no período de graduação e de educação continuada, investimento na capacitação dos profissionais e ampliação da prevenção da doença e promoção da saúde.(AU)

Objective: to assess the level of knowledge of nurses in primary care in the public network of Divinópolis (MG) about breast cancer. Method: quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional research with nursing professionals, who had worked for at least one year in the municipal health system. A structured questionnaire was used, the distribution of the variables of interest was analyzed and for their presentation, descriptive statistics, mean, absolute frequency and percentage were used. Result: Knowledge was identified by the interviewees, with mammography being the most suitable exam for early diagnosis, but doubts were identified in the age and recommended periodicity for the exam, and the most mentioned limiting factors for screening were the lack of knowledge of the population and the equipment insufficient. Conclusion: It is necessary to approach the theme in the period of graduation and continuing education, investment in the training of professionals and expansion of disease prevention and health promotion.(AU)

Objetivo: evaluar el nivel de conocimiento de las enfermeras en atención primaria en la red pública de Divinópolis (MG) sobre el cáncer de mama. Método: investigación cuantitativa, descriptiva, transversal con profesionales de enfermería, que habían trabajado durante al menos un año en el sistema de salud municipal. Se utilizó un cuestionario estructurado, se analizó la distribución de las variables de interés y para su presentación, se utilizó estadística descriptiva, media, frecuencia absoluta y porcentaje. Resultado: los entrevistados identificaron el conocimiento, siendo la mamografía el examen más adecuado para el diagnóstico precoz, pero se identificaron dudas en la edad y la periodicidad recomendada para el examen, y los factores limitantes más mencionados para la detección fueron la falta de conocimiento de la población y el equipo insuficiente. Conclusión: es necesario abordar el tema en el período de graduación y educación continua, inversión en la capacitación de profesionales y expansión de la prevención de enfermedades y promoción de la salud.(AU)

Oficinas terapêuticas no cuidado de Enfermagem ao idoso institucionalizado: Um relato de experiência / Therapeutic workshops in the nursing care for institutionalized elders: experience report / Los talleres terapéuticos en el cuidado de enfermería al anciano institucionalizado: relato de experiencia

Objetiva-se relatar experiências vivenciadas por discentes de Enfermagem desenvolvendo oficinas terapêuticas para o cuidado a idosos institucionalizados. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, do tipo relato de experiência, por docentes e discentes da Graduação em Enfermagem em atividades extensionistas, ligadas ao projeto "Promoção da Qualidade de Vida de Idosos Institucionalizados". Estendeu-se de abril/2017 a março/2018, com periodicidade semanal, por meio de 21 oficinas terapêuticas com os residentes de uma ILPI, via atividades lúdicas, ênfase na estimulação psíquica, cognitiva e motora; educação em saúde, e integração social. Oportunizou-se o atendimento em saúde de uma necessidade local, contribuindo para a qualidade de vida dos idosos, trazendo-lhes um impacto positivo, uma transformação social.

This study aims to describe experiences of nursing students in the development of therapeutic workshops in care for institutionalized elderly. It is a descriptive study, with a qualitative approach, an experience report, developed by teachers and students of the nursing undergraduate course during the execution of extension activities inherent to the project "Promotion of the Quality of Life of Institutionalized Elderly Persons". The project was developed from April /2017 to March /2018, through therapeutic workshops with the elderly residents of a nursing home, with weekly frequency. Twenty-one therapeutic workshops were conducted through play activities with emphasis on psychic, cognitive and motor stimulation; health education and social integration. The project provided health care for a local need and contributed to the quality of life of the institutionalized elderly, bringing a positive impact and a social transformation for this population.

.El presente estudio tiene como objetivo relatar experiencias vividas por docentes de Enfermería en el desarrollo de actividades terapéuticas en el cuidado dirigido a ancianos institucionalizados. Mediante un estudio descriptivo, con abordaje cualitativo, del tipo relato de experiencia, desarrollado por docentes y alumnos del curso de graduación en Enfermería durante la ejecución de actividades extensionistas inherentes al proyecto de la extensión "Promoción de la Calidad de Vida de ancianos Institucionalizados". El proyecto fue desarrollado en el lapso del mes de abril del 2017 al mes de marzo del 2018, por medio de actividades terapéuticas con los ancianos residentes de una institución de larga permanencia, con periodicidad semanal. Se realizaron 21 talleres terapéuticos por medio de actividades lúdicas y con énfasis en la estimulación psíquica, cognitiva y motora; educación en salud e integración social. El proyecto logró brindar cuidados de salud ante una necesidad local, logrando así una calidad de vida mejorable a los ancianos institucionalizados, dando como resultado un impacto positivo y una transformación social para los mismos.

Incidence of Childhood Eosinophilic Esophagitis in Central Brazil: How Many Are We Missing?

BACKGROUND: Few studies have assessed the incidence of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) in childhood. Our study aimed to determine the incidence of EoE in pediatric patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGE), with analysis of epidemiological data including sex, age, symptoms, frequency of atopy, and endoscopic and histological findings. METHODS: We performed a retrospective, observational, analytical study of the medical records of patients aged 0 to 14 years who underwent UGE in a tertiary hospital from January 2004 to January 2014. RESULTS: A total of 4071 upper digestive endoscopies were performed in 2651 patients. Esophageal eosinophilia was found in 405 biopsy reports, and 127 patients had ≥15/HPF. The clinical histories of 70 patients were analyzed. Sixty-three fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for EoE, 3 fulfilled the criteria for eosinophilic gastroenteritis, and 4 cases were secondary to caustic ingestion. The mean annual incidence was 2.48/100 000 individuals/year and the cumulative incidence over 10 years was 24.8/100 000. No statistical differences were found between responders to proton pump inhibitors and nonresponders for age, gender, atopic diseases, symptoms, and endoscopy findings. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of EoE in the present study was similar to that reported in the literature. However, these data may be underestimated owing to difficulties accessing UGE. Increased knowledge of esophageal eosinophilic diseases in childhood requires associated improvements in health infrastructure.

Low efficacy of atopy patch test in predicting tolerance development in non-IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy.

BACKGROUND: The food atopy patch (APT) test has been used in previous studies to help the diagnosis of non-IgE mediated food allergies (FA). The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of different cow's milk APT preparations to predict oral tolerance in children with previous non-IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy (CMA) diagnosis. METHODS: Thirty-two patients non-IgE-mediated CMA diagnosed by oral food challenge (OFC) were enrolled to perform APT with three different cow's milk preparations (fresh, 2% in saline solution, 2% in petrolatum) and comparing with a new OFC after at least three months of diet exclusion. RESULTS: Only six (18.7%) subjects presented positive OFC to cow's milk. No differences in gender, onset symptoms age, OFC age, Z-score, and exclusion period were found between positive and negative OFC patients. Preparations using fresh milk and powdered milk in petrolatum presented sensitivity equal to zero and specificity 92.3% and 96.1%. The preparation using powdered milk in saline solution showed sensitivity and specificity of 33.3% and 96.1%. Two patients presented typical IgE symptoms after OFC. CONCLUSION: Cow's milk APT presented a low efficacy to predict tolerance in patients with previous non-IgE-mediated CMA and should not be used in clinical routine. The presence of typical IgE reactions after OFC hallmark the necessity of previous IgE-mediated investigation for this patient group.

Caracterização dos indivíduos que realizaram prática/tentativa de autoextermínio em Itapecerica, Minas Gerais, Brasil / Características de las personas que realizaron la práctica o intento de auto extermínio em Itapecerica, Minas Gerais, Brasil / Characterization of the individuals who executed and/or attempted self-extermination in Itapecerica, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Objetivo: analisar as características dos indivíduos que realizaram a tentativa e/ ou efetivação do autoextermínio no município de Itapecerica, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Método: Pesquisa de natureza exploratória e descritiva. Foi realizada análise dos dados através das declarações de óbitos e notificações por suicídio, segundo o Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade (SIM) e o Sistema de Notificação e Agravos (SINAN) em que foram contempladas todas as variáveis, no período de 2013 a 2015. Resultados: a maioria dos óbitos ocorreram no sexo masculino, solteiros, de cor branca, na faixa etária entre 31-50 anos, sendo que o método mais utilizado foi o enforcamento. Em relação às tentativas, predominou-se o sexo feminino, de cor branca, faixa etária entre 31-50 anos e o método mais utilizado, foi o medicamento. Conclusão: Neste estudo, foi possível caracterizar as vítimas acometidas pelas tentativas e pelo ato consumado do autoextermínio, no entanto observou-se incompletude no preenchimento dos documentos analisados, principalmente em relação ao nível de escolaridade nas Declarações de Óbitos (DO’s) que constava como ‘ignorado’.

Objective: to analyze the characteristics of individuals who attempted and/or carried out self-extermination in the municipality ofItapecerica, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Method: Exploratory and descriptive research. Data analysis was performed through the deathand suicide reports, according to the Mortality Information System (MIS) and the SINAN (Diseases and Notification InformationSystem), in which all variables were considered, in the period from 2013 to 2015. Results: most deaths occurred in males, single,white, in the age group between 31-50 years, and the most commonly used method was hanging. Regarding the attempts, therewas predominance of females, white, age group between 31-50 years and the most used method was the medicine. Conclusion:This study allowed characterizing the victims affected by the attempts and consummation of the self-extermination, however,the analyzed documents were incomplete, mainly in relation to the level of schooling in the Declarations of Deaths (DO's), appearing as "Ignored".

Objetivo: analizar las características de las personas que realizaron el intento y/o la realización de auto-exterminio en el municipiode Itapecerica, MG. Método: Pesquisa de naturaleza exploratoria y descriptiva. Se realizó el análisis de datos de certificados dedefunción y notificaciones para el suicidio de acuerdo con el Sistema de Información de Mortalidad (SIM) y el Sistema deNotificación y Enfermedades (SINAN), donde se contemplan todas las variables. Resultados: La mayoría de las muertes ocurrieronen los hombres, solteros, de raza blanca, con edades comprendidas entre 31-50 años y el método más utilizado fue el colgante. Encuanto a los intentos, predominó el sexo femenino, raza blanca, con edades comprendidas entre 31-50 años y el método másutilizado fueron las medicinas. Conclusión: Como resultado de este estudio, fue posible caracterizar las vítimas acometidas portentativas e por ato consumado do autoextermínio, sin embargo fue observado incompletitud en los documentos analizados, principalmente en relación a el nível de enseñanza en los Certificados de Defúcion (CD’s) que figurava como “desconocido”.

Fragment-based drug discovery as alternative strategy to the drug development for neglected diseases.

Neglected diseases (NDs) affect large populations and almost whole continents, representing 12% of the global health burden. In contrast, the treatment available today is limited and sometimes ineffective. Under this scenery, the Fragment-Based Drug Discovery emerged as one of the most promising alternatives to the traditional methods of drug development. This method allows achieving new lead compounds with smaller size of fragment libraries. Even with the wide Fragment-Based Drug Discovery success resulting in new effective therapeutic agents against different diseases, until this moment few studies have been applied this approach for NDs area. In this article, we discuss the basic Fragment-Based Drug Discovery process, brief successful ideas of general applications and show a landscape of its use in NDs, encouraging the implementation of this strategy as an interesting way to optimize the development of new drugs to NDs.

Standardization of 106Ru/Rh by live-timed anticoincidence counting and gamma emission determination.

The absolute activity standardization measurement system of radionuclide by live-timed anticoincidence counting was implemented at LNMRI in 2008 to reduce the effects of some correction factors on the determination of activity with coincidence counting technique used for decades in the laboratory, for example, the corrections of dead time and resolution. With the live-timed anticoincidence system, the variety of radionuclides that can be calibrated by LNMRI was increased in relation to the type of decay. The objective of this study was to standardize the 106Ru activity, determine gamma emission probabilities by spectrometric method for some energies, and estimate measurement uncertainties.

The interactions between temperature and activity levels in driving metabolic rate: theory, with empirical validation from contrasting ectotherms.

The rate of change in resting metabolic rate (RMR) as a result of a temperature increase of 10 °C is termed the temperature coefficient (Q10), which is often used to predict how an organism's total MR will change with temperature. However, this method neglects a potentially key component of MR; changes in activity level (and thus activity MR; AMR) with temperature may significantly alter the relationship between MR and temperature. The present study seeks to describe how thermal effects on total MR estimated from RMR-temperature measurements can be misleading when the contribution of activity to total MR is neglected. A simple conceptual framework illustrates that since the relationship between activity levels and temperature can be different to the relationship between RMR and temperature, a consistent relationship between RMR and total MR cannot be assumed. Thus the thermal effect on total MR can be considerably different to the thermal effect on RMR. Simultaneously measured MR and activity from three ectotherm species with differing behavioural and physiological ecologies were used to empirically examine how changes in temperature drive changes in RMR, activity level, AMR and the Q10 of MR. These species exhibited varied activity- and MR-temperature relationships, underlining the difficulty in predicting thermal influences on activity levels and total MR. These data support a model showing that thermal effects on total MR will deviate from predictions based solely on RMR; this deviation will depend upon the difference in Q10 between AMR and RMR, and the relative contribution of AMR to total MR. To develop mechanistic, predictive models for species' metabolic responses to temperature changes, empirical information about the relationships between activity levels, MR and temperature, such as reported here, is required. This will supersede predictions based on RMR alone.

Manejo agudo do acidente vascular cerebral / Acute management of vascular cerebral accident

A doença vascular cerebral é importante causa de mortalidade e morbidade no mundo, e sua prevalência vem crescendo com o aumento da expectativa de vida. O objetivo deste trabalho é revisar os principais fatores de risco, classificar os principais tipos de acidente vascular cerebral e revisar as mais atuais recomendações no manejo agudo desta patologia.

Cerebrovascular disease is an important cause of death and morbidity worldwide, and its prevalence is increasing with the increase in life expectancy. The objective of this paper is to review the major risk factors, classify the major types of stroke, and review the most current recommendations for acute management of this pathology.