Assessment of C-reactive protein levels as an indicator for lung infiltrates in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.

Lung infiltrates are frequently observed in patients with COVID-19 infection and require specialized management. Identifying reliable laboratory parameters to reduce the need for chest CT scans in non-desaturation patients is of great interest. This study aimed to investigate the potential of C-reactive protein (CRP) as an indicator to identify the presence of lung infiltrates in early COVID-19 infection. The study was conducted at Al-Azhar University hospitals from May 2021 to March 2022 and included 210 patients with COVID-19 infection confirmed by positive PCR, all of whom were previously healthy, non-smokers, and non-hypoxemic. CRP levels were assessed and correlated with lung infiltrates observed in CT chest examinations. The mean value of CRP was 40.3±14.3 mg/L in males and 36.6±15.2 mg/L among females. One hundred sixty-two patients had pneumonic infiltrates, while 48 had no infiltrates. The mean value of CRP was 45.02±10.2 mg/L in patients with radiological infiltrates and 18.8±7.8 mg/L in patients without radiological infiltrates. Based on our findings, a CRP value greater than 29.8 mg/L was suggested as a cut-off value to indicate the presence of lung infiltrates. CRP is a simple laboratory marker that, at certain limits, may point to the presence of pneumonic infiltrates in early non-hypoxemic patients with COVID-19 infection.

The Influence of Smoking on Renal Functions Among Apparently Healthy Smokers.

Background: Cigarette smoking is an important modifiable risk factor in kidney disease progression. Although long-term smoking has been associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD), its effect on kidney function in early stages has not been clarified. Objective: To detect the early effects of smoking either active or passive on kidney functions. Methodology: The current study was comparative cross sectional study conducted on 280 participants, 140 were non­smokers and 140 were smokers (70 passive smokers and 70 active smokers). The two groups were comparable in terms of all parameters. We investigated the possible effects of smoking on kidney functions using both serum kidney function tests especially; serum urea, serum creatinine, serum cotinine levels and detection of albumin in urine. Smoking history, full Laboratory investigations, Ventilatory function test including (FEV1/FVC, FEV1, FEF 25-75%, VC and FVC) were done. Results: Serum urea, serum creatinine, serum cotinine levels and urinary albumin were statistically significant higher in smokers group in comparison to nonsmokers, also the serum cotinine levels and urinary albumin were statistically significant in active smokers in comparison to passive smokers. There were positive correlations between the level of urinary albumin and pack/year (r = 0.9, p<0.05), smoking index (r = 0.9, p<0.05), smoking duration (r = 0.4, p<0.05), and serum cotinine (r = 0.6, p<0.050) with good statistical significance. The most significant predictive risk factors of microalbuminuria among smokers group in descending orders were active smoking, passive smoking, age and serum cotinine level. Conclusion: Both active and passive smoking, especially among heavy smokers, is a significant risk factor for microalbuminuria. This finding increase the importance of early cessation of smoking in order to minimize early renal affection among healthy smokers that may not be discovered by routine renal function tests.