Log-log growth of channel capacity for nondispersive nonlinear optical fiber channel in intermediate power range: Extension of the model.

In our previous paper [Terekhov et al., Phys. Rev. E 95, 062133 (2017)2470-004510.1103/PhysRevE.95.062133] we considered the optical channel modeled by the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with zero dispersion and additive Gaussian noise. We found per-sample channel capacity for this model. In the present paper we extend the per-sample channel model by introducing the initial signal dependence on time and the output signal detection procedure. The proposed model is a closer approximation of the realistic communications link than the per-sample model where there is no dependence of the initial signal on time. For the proposed model we found the correlators of the output signal both analytically and numerically. Using these correlators we built the conditional probability density function. Then we calculated an entropy of the output signal, a conditional entropy, and the mutual information. Maximizing the mutual information we found the optimal input signal distribution, channel capacity, and their dependence on the shape of the initial signal in the time domain for the intermediate power range.

A GWAS meta-analysis from 5 population-based cohorts implicates ion channel genes in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) shows genetic predisposition, however, large-scale, powered gene mapping studies are lacking. We sought to exploit existing genetic (genotype) and epidemiological (questionnaire) data from a series of population-based cohorts for IBS genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and their meta-analysis. METHODS: Based on questionnaire data compatible with Rome III Criteria, we identified a total of 1335 IBS cases and 9768 asymptomatic individuals from 5 independent European genotyped cohorts. Individual GWAS were carried out with sex-adjusted logistic regression under an additive model, followed by meta-analysis using the inverse variance method. Functional annotation of significant results was obtained via a computational pipeline exploiting ontology and interaction networks, and tissue-specific and gene set enrichment analyses. KEY RESULTS: Suggestive GWAS signals (P ≤ 5.0 × 10-6 ) were detected for 7 genomic regions, harboring 64 gene candidates to affect IBS risk via functional or expression changes. Functional annotation of this gene set convincingly (best FDR-corrected P = 3.1 × 10-10 ) highlighted regulation of ion channel activity as the most plausible pathway affecting IBS risk. CONCLUSION & INFERENCES: Our results confirm the feasibility of population-based studies for gene-discovery efforts in IBS, identify risk genes and loci to be prioritized in independent follow-ups, and pinpoint ion channels as important players and potential therapeutic targets warranting further investigation.

Log-log growth of channel capacity for nondispersive nonlinear optical fiber channel in intermediate power range.

We consider a model nondispersive nonlinear optical fiber channel with an additive Gaussian noise. Using Feynman path-integral technique, we find the optimal input signal distribution maximizing the channel's per-sample mutual information at large signal-to-noise ratio in the intermediate power range. The optimal input signal distribution allows us to improve previously known estimates for the channel capacity. We calculate the output signal entropy, conditional entropy, and per-sample mutual information for Gaussian, half-Gaussian, and modified Gaussian input signal distributions. We demonstrate that in the intermediate power range the capacity (the per-sample mutual information for the optimal input signal distribution) is greater than the per-sample mutual information for half-Gaussian input signal distribution considered previously as the optimal one. We also show that the capacity grows as loglogP in the intermediate power range, where P is the signal power.

Next-to-leading-order corrections to capacity for a nondispersive nonlinear optical fiber channel in the intermediate power region.

We consider the optical fiber channel modeled by the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with zero dispersion and additive Gaussian noise. Using the Feynman path-integral approach for the model, we find corrections to conditional probability density function, output signal distribution, conditional and output signal entropies, and the channel capacity at large signal-to-noise ratio. We demonstrate that the correction to the channel capacity is positive for large signal power. Therefore, this correction increases the earlier calculated capacity for a nondispersive nonlinear optical fiber channel in the intermediate power region.

Mitochondrial transfer: Implications for assisted reproductive technologies.

The use of mitochondrial transfer as a clinic procedure is drawing closer to reality. Here we provide a detailed overview of mitochondrial transfer techniques - both established and recent - including pronuclear, spindle, ooplasmic and blastomere transfer. Reasons as to why some techniques are more suitable for the prevention of mitochondrial DNA disease than others, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each methodology, are discussed. The possible clinical introduction of these techniques has raised concerns about the adverse effects they may have on resultant embryos and offspring. Success rates of each technique, embryo viability and developmental consequences post mitochondrial transfer are addressed through analysis of evidence obtained from both animal and human studies. Counterarguments against potential mitochondrial-nuclear genome incompatibility are also provided. Additional clinical applications of mitochondrial transfer techniques are discussed. These include the rescue or enhancement of fertility in women of advanced maternal age or those suffering from diabetes. An alternative to using mitochondrial DNA transfer for germ line therapies is the therapeutic use of somatic cell nuclear transfer for the generation of personalised stem cells. Although ethically challenging, this method could offer patients already suffering from mitochondrial DNA diseases a novel treatment option.

Calculation of mutual information for nonlinear communication channel at large signal-to-noise ratio.

Using the path-integral technique we examine the mutual information for the communication channel modeled by the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with additive Gaussian noise. The nonlinear Schrödinger equation is one of the fundamental models in nonlinear physics, and it has a broad range of applications, including fiber optical communications-the backbone of the internet. At large signal-to-noise ratio we present the mutual information through the path-integral, which is convenient for the perturbative expansion in nonlinearity. In the limit of small noise and small nonlinearity we derive analytically the first nonzero nonlinear correction to the mutual information for the channel.

[Apparatuses for the wound closure in modern surgical practice]. / Ustroistva dlia zakytiia ran v sovrennoi khirurgicheskoi praktike.

The method of the wounds treatment, using apparatuses for their edges rapprochement, was elaborated, basing on analysis of clinico-experimental investigations conducted. The method was successfully applied for the wounds closure after excision of coccygeal channel, the soft tissues abscess and phlegmon, postoperative ligature fistula and in temporary closure of laparotomy wound in patients with purulent peritonitis.

[Plasma fibronectin in patients during toxic goiter surgery and early postoperative period]. / Vmist fibronektynu u plazmi khvorykh na toksychnyi zob pid chas khirurhichnoho likuvannia ta u rann'omu pisliaoperatsiinomu periodi.

In 63 patients with toxic goiter the fibrinonectin content in plasma and its cryoprecipitate activity (CPA) were studied during surgical treatment conduction. There were revealed lowering of its level and CPA with subsequent lowering of this indexes in postoperative period. Application of uni-group heparinized freshly frozen plasma in therapeutic complex was proposed for hypofibronectinemia correction and for reduction of postoperative thyreotoxicosis severity.

[Changes in cell immunity indexes under the influence of thymalin, thyroxine and fibronectin in patients with hyperplastic diseases of thyroid gland before and after the surgery]. / Izmenenie pokazatelei kletochnogo immuniteta pod vliianiem timalina, tiroksina i fibronektina u patsientov s giperplasticheskimi zabolevaniiami shchitovidnoi zhelezy do i posle operatsii.

Changes in the cell immunity indexes under the influence of thymalin, thyroxin and fibronectin in vitral loading models were studied up in patients with hyperplastic diseases of the thyroid gland. Disbalance of the cell link immunity was revealed before the operation and, in particular, in the main subpopulations of lymphocytes as well as immunoregulating index lowering, which had intensified after the operation. In patients with toxic, nodose euthyroid goiter and chronic autoimmune thyroiditis the existence of (thyroxin- and thymalin) dependent control of the cell link immunity was determined. Application of fibronectin substituting therapy for correction of the hormone depending functional activity of lymphocytes in the early postoperative period in patients with hyperplastic diseases of thyroid gland was pathogenetically substantiated.

[The selection of the treatment method in stenosis of the pelviureteral segment in nephrolithiasis]. / Vybor metoda lecheniia stenoza lokhanochno-mochetochnikovogo segmenta pri nefrolitiaze.

Ureteropelvic stenoses in nephrolithiasis are suggested to be considered reversible and irreversible depending on the lesions of the upper urinary tracts and the adjacent fat. To ascertain reversibility of the stenosis, use was made of the progesterone test in view of progesterone ability to dilate the ureter. No retention changes in the upper urinary tract in the reversible stenosis can serve an indication to impulse lithotripsy. Large stones and all cases of irreversible stenosis indicate validity of open surgery the scope of which is decided intraoperatively after isolation of the ureteropelvic segment from the periureteral fat and upon the indigo carmine test. In the absence of dysfunctional zone in the segment the patients may be subjected to ureterolysis and pyelolithotomy. If such zone is detected it is possible to make pelvic and proximal ureteral resection, pyeloureterostomy. The technique of the latter surgery in the intrarenal pelvis is detailed.

[Pharmacological modifications of radiation methods for studying the kidneys in determining the nature of the stenosis of the pelviureteral segment in patients with nephrolithiasis. Its outpatient diagnosis]. / Farmakologicheskie modifikatsii luchevykh metodov issledovaniia pochek v vyiavlenii kharaktera stenoza lokhanochno-mochetochnikovogo segmenta u bol'nykh nefrolitiazom. Vnebol'nichnaia diagnostika.

As many as 17 nephrolithiasis and 6 hydronephrosis patients with surgically verified irreversible (n = 13) and reversible (n = 10) stenosis of the pelviureteral segment were examined. To distinguish the character of the stenosis, use was made of excretory urography and dynamic scintigraphy with progesterone, ultrasound, and dynamic scintigraphy with furosemide. In nephrolithiasis patients, dynamic scintigraphy is less informative as compared to other modifications. As compared to hydronephrosis patients, all the modifications indicated are less informative in nephrolithiasis patients in differentiating the character of the stenosis.

[Dynamic scintigraphy of the kidneys using lasix]. / Dinamicheskaia stsintigrafiia pochek s ispol'zovaniem laziksa.

Dynamic scintigraphy with lasix (urosemide) in 59 patients with hydronephrosis, nephrolithiasis, chronic pyelonephritis, ureterohydronephrosis on an initial scintigram has shown retention of 99mTc-DTPA in the urinary tracts: an increase or absence of the excretory segment on the activity-time curve up to the appearance of an obstructive type of a curve. Verified operative findings in 19 patients with hydronephrosis and nephrolithiasis have shown a high sensitivity and accuracy of the detection of stenosis of the urinary tracts in the absence of the excretory segment on an initial scintigram irrespective of the fact whether it appears or not on a scintigram after lasix administration. Stenosis of the ureteropelvic segment can be observed in the presence of the excretory segment on an initial scintigram with a prolonged half-period of RP excretion; its 2-fold decrease is noted on a scintigram after lasix administration.