The Effect of Coach-Athlete Relationships on Motor Behaviour in College Athletes-Mediating Effects of Psychological Needs.

This study explored the effect of the coach-athlete relationship perceived by college athletes on athletic behaviour, examining the mediating effect of psychological needs. This study was conducted with 254 college athletes using questionnaires, and the research instruments included the Coach-Athlete Relationship Scale, the Psychological Needs Scale, and the Athletic Behaviour Scale. The results of the study were as follows: (1) the coach-athlete relationship perceived by student-athletes had a direct positive and significant effect on athletic behaviours (ß = 0.268, p < 0.001, and direct effect = 0.0344); and (2) psychological needs had a significant mediating effect between the coach-athlete relationship and athletic behaviours (indirect effect = 0.2433), and the mediating effect percentage was 41.56%. The overall mediation effect value was 0.5854. The findings of the study emphasized that, by improving the coach-athlete relationship, it could help to improve the psychological needs of college athletes and, thus, promote their positive motor behaviours. In the coach-athlete relationship, the effect of closeness on the promotion of motor behaviour was particularly significant, in which special attention and emphasis should be given to the closeness between coaches and athletes in a practical implementation. Subsequently, coaches should focus their training on enhancing the coach-athlete relationship as a crucial part of training in order to perform well in competitions.

The effect of smartphone addiction on adolescent health: the moderating effect of leisure physical activities.

BACKGROUND: Smartphone addiction is a growing concern, especially among adolescents, due to its negative impact on health. This study examines how leisure physical activity influence this relationship. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between smartphone addiction and adolescent health, examining the mediating role of loneliness and the moderating effect of leisure physical activity. METHODS: A survey of 1271 Chinese university students was conducted using the PAPS Health and Fitness Scale, Smartphone Addiction Scale, and Leisure Time Exercise Scale. RESULTS: Smartphone addiction negatively affects adolescent health. Loneliness mediates this relationship, while leisure physical activity moderates it. High levels of physical activity reduce the negative impact of loneliness on health (bsimple = -0.49, P < 0.001), whereas low levels enhance this impact (bsimple = -0.21, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: These research have practical implications for preventing and reducing smartphone addiction and offer a theoretical foundation for promoting healthier lifestyles among adolescents.

Effect of postnatal treadmill exercise on c-Fos expression in the hippocampus of rat pups born from the alcohol-intoxicated mothers.

Maternal alcohol-intoxication during pregnancy exerts detrimental effects on fetal development and is known to influence learning ability and memory capability by altering neuronal activity in the hippocampus. c-Fos expression represents neuronal activity and plays a crucial role in the brain development. Physical exercise is known to enhance neuronal plasticity and activity. In the present study, we investigated the influence of postnatal treadmill running on the c-Fos expression in the hippocampus of rat pups born from the alcohol-intoxicated mothers. The results obtained show that maternal alcohol-intoxication suppressed c-Fos expression in the hippocampus of rat pups and that postnatal treadmill exercise enhanced c-Fos expression in the hippocampus of these rat pups. The present study suggests that exercise should be considered as a therapeutic means of countering the effects of maternal alcohol-intoxication, and that it may provide a useful strategy for enhancing the neuronal activity of children born from the mothers who abuse alcohol during pregnancy.

Effect of Acanthopanax senticosus on 5-hydroxytryptamine synthesis and tryptophan hydroxylase expression in the dorsal raphe of exercised rats.

Acanthopanax senticosus Harms (AS) is classified into the family of Araliaceae. The plant has been used as an analeptic aid, which improves weakened physical status and strength. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is an important neurotransmitter and tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) catalyzes the rate-f the raphe nuclei. These are associated with "central fatigue hypotheses" in the brain. In the present study, the effects of Acanthopanax senticosus on the time to exhaustion by treadmill exercise and on 5-HT synthesis and TPH expression in the dorsal raphe were investigated by immunohistochemistry. In the present results, Acanthopanax senticosus increased the time to exhaustion by treadmill running and it suppressed the exercise-induced increase of 5-HT synthesis and TPH expression. Acanthopanax senticosus was effective as caffeine for increasing the exhaustion time in treadmill running and for reducing the exercise-induced increase of 5-HT synthesis and TPH expression in the dorsal raphe. The present study shows that Acanthopanax senticosus reduces fatigue during exercise by the inhibition of exercise-induced 5-HT synthesis and TPH expression in the dorsal raphe.