[A combination of immunostimulants as a method for correcting secondary immunodeficiencies]. / Sochetanie immunostimuliatorov kak metod korrektsii vtorichnykh immunodefitsitov.

The specific features of the action of combinations of immunostimulants (levamisole, prodigiozan, methyluracil) on a primary immune response to EB, GST and resistance to experimental infection have been studied. It has been shown that levamisole eliminates stimulation by methyluracil and prodigiozan of a primary immune response, lithium carbonate is also an antagonist of prodigiozan. Vitamin E increases the stimulating effect of prodigiozan rather than oxymethacil. The effect of vitamin A depends on the dose. Levamisole does not change the influence of prodigiozan and methyluracil on GST and, like prodigiozan, suppresses GST stimulated by lithium carbonate. The combination of prodigiozan and methyluracil to a large extent than the agent given alone increases resistance to an infection and efficiency of antibiotic therapy. The combination of methyluracil and levamisole increases only the effect of the antibiotic.

[The interaction of the immune system and the liver mono-oxygenase system]. / K voprosu o vzaimodeistvii immunnoi sistemy i monooksigenaznoi sistemy pecheni.

The effect of different immunostimulants (prodigiosan, levamisole, T-activin, sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate, sodium nucleinate, lithium chloride, muramil dipeptide, B-activin) and mixed hepatic function oxidase inhibitors (cimetidine, chloramphenicol) or inducers (phenobarbital, flumecinol, rifampicin) on immune reactivity (macrophage function, humoral and cellular responses) and hepatic microsomal function (hexobarbital sleeping-time) was studied in non-inbred and BALB/c male mice. There was a high correlation between the ability of immunostimulants to depress hexobarbital metabolism and their ability to enhance macrophage activity (carbon clearance test), but not humoral and cellular immunity. No reciprocal changes occurred in immune reactivity after positive or negative pharmacological modulation of hepatic drug metabolizing enzyme activity.

[The effect of stimulants of immunity on anti-infective resistance and on the activity of the liver monooxygenase system]. / Vliianie nekotorykh stimuliatorov immuniteta na antiinfektsionnuiu rezistentnost' i aktivnost' monooksigenaznoi sistemy pecheni.

The effect of some immunostimulants (bacterial lipopolysaccharide prodigiosan, active thymic peptide T-activin, synthetic compound levamisole) on the anti-infection resistance and metabolic function of the liver (hexobarbital sleeping-time) was studied on noninbred male mice. It was found that when administered in doses and under schedules that protected mice against lethal infection (Pseudomonas pyocyanea, i.p.) prodigiosan and levamisole inhibited metabolism of hexobarbital. T-activin was inactive in both tests. The possible mechanism of correlation is discussed.

[Effect of combinations of immunomodulators on phagocytosis]. / Vliianie kombinatii immunomoduliatorov na fagotsitoz.

The effect of levamisole, prodigiozan and lithium carbonate combinations on antimicrobial activity of blood neutrophils and peritoneal macrophages was studied on mice. The combinations were used in single doses. An increase in stimulation of phagocytosis with respect to staphylococci was observed after the use of prodigiozan in combination with lithium carbonate. Levamisole and lithium carbonate were antagonistic with respect to macrophagal phagocytosis. No advantage of the combined use of prodigiozan and levamisole to their use alone was shown.

[Effect of prodigiozan, levamisole and methyluracil on the course of an experimental infection and primary immune response]. / Vliianie prodigiozana, levamizola i metiluratsila na techenie éksperimental'noi infektsii i pervichnyi immunnyi otvet.

The effect of prodigiosan, levamisol and methyluracil on the process of experimental sepsis caused by Proteus was studied comparatively on mice, and the primary immune response was studied on intact animals treated with prednisolone, cyclophosphan or azathioprin. It was shown that prodigiosan was a more active stimulator of antiinfectious resistance of the intact animals than levamisol or methyluracil. Its effect was evident with administration before the infection, while the effect of levamisol or methyluracil was evident in administration after the infection. When used prophylactically, prodigiosan increased the average life-span of the mice given prednisolone, had no effect on the infection process in the presence of cyclophosphan and increased the antibiotic therapy efficiency at the background of either prednisolone or cyclophosphan. Administration of prodigiosan after the infection without the use of antibiotics was not efficient in immunosuppression, whereas in combination with levamisol it increased the tolerance to the infection at the background of cyclophosphan. When used for the treatment purposes, levamisol had no effect on survival of the animals. However, it increased the average life-span of the intact mice also at the background of prednisolone. Prodigiosan stimulate the primary immune response in the intact animals at the background of azathioprin or cyclophosphan but not prednisolone. Levamisol increased the number of the antibody-producing cells (APC) in the intact animals in some experiments. At the background of azathioprin it had no effect on the number of the APC and at background of prednisolone or cyclophosphan it even lowered their number.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

[Effect of prodigiozan, levamisole and methyluracil on endogenous colony formation and absorptive function of the reticuloendothelial system]. / Vliianie prodigiozana, levamizola i metiluratsila na éndogennoe kolonieobrazovanie i poglotitel'nuiu funktsiiu retikuloéndotelial'noi sistemy.

The effect of prodigiosan, levamisole and methyluracil on the number of endogenic colonies in the spleen and absorptive function of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) was studied comparatively in intact mice and mice treated with prednisolone, cyclophosphamide and chloramphenicol. It was shown that prodigiosan stimulated the endogenic colony formation with all the administration schemes in both the intact animals and the animals treated with chloramphenicol. The stimulating effect of methyluracil was observed, when it was used prophylactically. The effect of levamisole was not consistent. A significant stimulating effect of prodigiosan on absorptive function of the RES in the intact animals and the animals treated with prednisolone was shown. Methyluracil increased absorption of staphylococci by the macrophages in the intact animals. The effect of levamisole on the intact animals was not observed, while in the animals treated with prednisolone and cyclophosphamide it stimulated the absorptive capacity of the RES. Levamisole did not change the effect of prodigiosan and methyluracil on endogenous colony formation when used therapeutically, prevented the prodigiosan effect and potentiated the effect of methyluracil on absorptive function of the RES.

[Effect of prodigiozan, levamisole and methyluracil on delayed hypersensitivity against a background of immunosuppressor use]. / Vliianie prodigiozana, levamizola i metiluratsila na giperchuvstvitel'nost' zamedlennogo tipa na fone primeneniia immunosupressorov.

Immunostimulants, such as prodigiosan, levamisol and methyluracil, as well as their combinations with imuran, prednisolone or cyclophosphamide were studied for their effect on the delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) induced by dinitrofluorobenzene alcohol solutions applied in challenge doses to the floor of the auricle of mice. It was shown that the immunostimulants did not affect the DTH in intact mice. In mice treated with imuran the DTH was significantly increased only by prodigiosan. Prednisolone used for a prolonged period before and after the sensitization and cyclophosphamide administered 24 hours before the sensitization increased the DTH. According to the literature data it was connected with T-suppressor inhibition. With the use of cyclophosphamide it was also connected with B-suppressor inhibition. Under such conditions the DTH was decreased to the control level by prodigiosan after the use of prednisolone or by levamisol after the use of cyclophosphamide. This was probably associated with increasing of the suppressor effect of the macrophages and activation of the T-suppressor effect by levamisol. Methyluracil had no effect on the DTH.

[Anti-inflammatory activity of immunostimulants and their combinations with antiphlogistics]. / Protivovospalitel'naia aktivnost' nekotorykh immunostimuliatorov i ikh sochetanii s antiflogistikami.

A study was made of anti-inflammatory action of prodigiozan, levamisole and methyluracil and their combinations with butadion, brufen and prednisolone. Prodigiozan was more active than levamisole and methyluracil, while levamisole appeared to be more active than methyluracil. Prodigiozan was effective when given both in a single dose and repeated doses. The immunostimulants did not reduce the efficacy of butadion, brufen and prednisolone, and in some cases they made the drug action more powerful. After administration of metopyrone the action of prodigiozan was more potent. Prednisolone reduced the anti-inflammatory effect of prodigiozan.