[The energetic metabolism in newborns in normal conditions and under development of disorders of adaptation in early postnatal period].

The article deals with the prospective complex approach to laboratory analysis of energetic metabolism under states of newborns. The approach provides simultaneous detection of content of main energy substrates, activity of adenosinetriphosphatases and succinate dehydrogenases in umbilical blood, characterized by high sensitivity to hypoxia.

[Changes in liver of Apodemus sylvaticus mice from East-Ural radioactive territories].

Male Microtus arvalis mice from radionuclide polluted territories in the South Urals (90Sr activity of ground--0.2, 2, 500, 800 Ci/km2) were used. The 90Sr content in a mouse bony skeleton was determined. Carbohydrate, energy and protein metabolism, lipid peroxidation processes in liver were studied. The intensification of protein and carbohydrate enzymes. On the increase of antioxidant activity we found the reduction of lipid peroxidation processes. The decrease of microsome oxidoreductases was found. Possible mechanisms of the observed effects are discussed.

[Lipid peroxidation in the liver of mice on the territories of East Ural radioactive trace]. / Osobennosti protsessov perekisnogo okusleniia lipidov v pecheni myshei s territorii Vostochno-Ural'skogo radioaktivnogo sleda.

The researches were conducted on rodents from territories of the East Ural radioactive trace. The 90Sr activity of ground was 2 Ci/km2, 500 Ci/km2, 800 Ci/km2 (experimental plots) and on control territory--0.2 Ci/km2. In the liver of animals living on the polluted territories the activation of catalase and glutathionreductase, the increase in antioxidative activity and appropriate reduction of lipid peroxidation processes were observed. For 40 years after Kyshtym accident (70-100 generations of animals) the adaptive reaction have formed.

[Effect of chronic gamma-irradiation on lipid peroxidation in CBA mouse blood serum]. / Vliianie khronicheskogo vozdeistviia gamma-izlucheniia na perekisnoe okislenie lipidov v syvorotke krovi myshei CBA.

Female CBA mice were chronically exposed to gamma-rays with a dose rate from 1 to 16 cGy/day during the lifetime. It was found that the level of antioxidant activity of blood serum decreased, whereas the level of primary and secondary products of lipid peroxidation increased. Possible ways of formation of compensatory-adaptive reactions are discussed.

[Lipid peroxidation in the spleen induced by chronic ionizing irradiation]. / Protsessy perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov v selezenke pri khronicheskom deistvii ioniziriuishchego izlucheniia.

Chronic gamma-radiation (1-16 sGr/day) of mice increased antioxidant activity and decreased lipid peroxidation. The was correlation between investigated parameters and the dose of irradiation. The results suggest, that chronic gamma-radiation causes damage of processes in spleen of CBA mice accompanied by subsequent augmentation of reparative processes.

[Examining the properties of hepatic cytosol and the efficiency of its use in the Biological Support Liver apparatus]. / Issledovanie svoistv tsitozolia pecheni i éffektivnosti sposoba ego ispol'zovaniia v apparate "Biologicheskaia vspomogatel'naia pechen'".

Clinical trials showed the minimum efficiency of various detoxifying methods (dialysis, charcoal adsorption, plasma exchange) in terms survival in acute hepatic insufficiency. Attempts were made to provide hepatic functions through ex vivo perfusion of the whole liver and tissue sections, but these methods remain a challenge to immune responses and blood clotting. This led to the development of the extracorporeal liver support systems and early clinical results encouraged further work in this area. The liver support system consists of a bioreactor containing a liver homogenate, a transfer mechanism, and a dialyzer that connects 2 closed contours. The apparatus is connected to the patient's blood system by means of an arteriovenous or venovenous shunt. The contact time of a liver homogenate and a patient's blood in the dialyzer and the diffusion rate of molecules of chemical substances determine the detoxifying and metabolic effects. Laboratory studies have demonstrated that the detoxifying activation method has high effects (increased biotransformation, decreased blood ammonia levels), decreases the intensity of pathological processes, normalizes blood components (higher levels of ATP, glucose, amino acids, vitamin C). Model and experimental studies of the efficiency of the method lead to the conclusion that it is expedient to apply it in medical practice.

[Equipment for hemodialysis using biologically active dialyzing solutions]. / Apparat dlia gemodializa s primeneniem biologicheski aktivnykh dializiruiushchikh rastvorov.

The paper describes the test specimen of an apparatus for performing hemodialysis and ultrafiltration using biologically active dialysates. The designed test specimen may serve as a technical base for further investigations and optimization of hemodialysis using a biologically active dialysate.

[Treatment with deproteinized plasma extract in animals with combined radiation-thermal injuries]. / Lechenie deproteinizirovannym ékstraktom plazmy zhivotnykh s kombinirovannym radiatsionno-termicheskim porazheniem.

Treating animals with combined radiation and thermal injuries with deproteinized plasma extract promotes the preservation of the coupling of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation processes, the enhancement of microsomal monooxygenase, NADPH-oxidase and glucose-6-phosphatase activity and the reduction of hepatic and cerebral lipid peroxidation rates, suggesting its high biological activity, therapeutical efficiency, and pathogenetic rationale for application.

[Change in insulin level in thermal and combined radiation-thermal injuries and insulin-modulating effect of the activity of middle molecular weight peptides in blood]. / Izmenenie urovnia insulina pri termicheskikh i kombinirovannykh radiatsionno-termicheskikh porazheniiakh i insulinmoduliruiushchaia aktivnost' srednemolekuliarnykh peptidov krovi.

Experimental and clinical studies demonstrated the occurrence of insulin resistance within the initial period of burns and combined radiation-thermal impairment as well as during the burns produced toxemia. Blood medium-weight molecular peptides may be essential in the regulation of insulin content as they exhibited a high affinity for insulin antiserum and were able to cause competitive interaction with insulin for the receptor sites of cell membranes.

[Experimental and clinical foundation of the effectiveness of the use of an extracorporeal "auxiliary liver"]. / Eksperimental'no-klinicheskoe obosnovanie éffectivnosti primeneniia ékstrakorporal'noi "vspomogatel'noi pecheni".

For extracorporeal detoxication in treatment of experimental burn disease and hepatic failure in patients, the dispersed hepatic tissue was used. Restoration of the processes of biotransformation and detoxication, normalization of content of different metabolites, decrease in activity of transaminases, improvement of general state of the patients were noted.

[Characteristics and relationship of mitochondrial and microsomal oxidation processes with various intensities of lipid peroxidation]. / Osobennosti i sootnoshenie protsessov mitokhondrial'nogo i mikrosomal'nogo okisleniia pri razlichnoi intensivnosti perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov.

Mitochondrial and microsomal oxidation reactions were studied at varying intensities of lipid peroxidation (LPO). The latter were modelled by using thermal burn and combined radiation-thermal injury in animals. It was found that the differences in the intensity and duration of free radical oxidation and LPO reactions may lead to the activation or inhibition of mitochondrial respiration due to the oxidative phosphorylation uncoupling and impaired microsomal and microsomal-mitochondrial intermembrane electron transport and depend on the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase and catalase.

[Use of chloral hydrate for assessing the detoxifying function of the liver in experimental pathology]. / Ispol'zovanie khloral gidrata dlia otsenki detoksitsiruiushchei funktsii pecheni pri éksperimental'noi patologii.

A new procedure, developed for evaluation of the liver tissue detoxicating activity in experimental pathology, involved estimation of chloral hydrate pharmacological efficiency and registration of animal sleep duration. As activity of uridine phosphate glucuronyl transferase, the key enzyme of the second step of biotransformation, was found to be inhibited after thermic burns, treatment of the disease using phenobarbital appears to correct the enzymatic activity.

[The therapeutic properties of an alcohol extract of plasma in a combined radiation-thermal lesion]. / Issledovanie terapevticheskikh svoistv spirtovogo ékstrakta plazmy pri kombinirovannom radiatsionno-termicheskom porazhenii.

The intravenous injection of an alcoholic plasma extract to mice after the combined exposure to radiation and heat decreases lethality, restores the investigation-and-orientation activities and oxygen consumption, favors the growth of body mass and healing of burns. The antioxidant effect of the extract manifests itself by the decreased rate of formation of lipid peroxidation products in the liver and the suppressed spontaneous and latex-induced chemiluminescence of neutrophils.

[Experimental therapy of thermal burns with biogenic peptide-containing preparations]. / Eksperimental'naia terapiia termicheskikh ozhogov biogennymi peptidsoderzhashchimi preparatami.

The authors studied the therapeutic activity of biogenic peptide-containing preparations derived from microbial cell membrane fractions, solcoseryl, and plasma alcohol extract (PAE) in experimental thermal trauma. Treatment of the burnt animals with solcoseryl and PAE reduced mortality to 40-42%, accelerated the healing of the burn wound, restored the behavior status, and increased the intensity of oxygen consumption. This is evidence of the promising character of further studies of the biological activity and therapeutic properties of these preparations.

[Study of latex-induced luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of neutrophils]. / Izuchenie lateks-indutsirovannoi liuminolzavisimoi khemiliuminestsentsii neitrofilov.

The effects of various polystyrene monodispersed latexes on neutrophil chemiluminescence (CL) induction have been studied. The studies have revealed that latexes may be employed as neutrophil CL activators. Latexes with a diameter of 1.7 micron could induce CL of the highest intensity. An increase or decrease in the diameter of latex particles reduced the intensity of neutrophil CL induction. Gamma-globulin or immunoglobulin coating of latex lowered, whereas zinc methacrylate coating enhanced the intensity of the reaction. Since latexes induce a maximum respiratory outburst in the first two minutes after their introduction in cellular suspension, they may be referred to as rapid inductors of neutrophil CL.

[Effect of thermal injury and middle molecular weight peptides on plasma chemiluminescence]. / Vliianie termicheskoi travmy i srednemolekuliarnykh peptidov na khemiliuminestsentsiiu plazmy krovi.

Thermic trauma altered the most of patterns of blood plasma chemoluminescence, which appear to occur as a result of specific shifts in metabolic dynamics in the patients with burns trauma. The patterns of blood chemoluminescence may reflect not only the rate of free radical reactions and lipid peroxidation but as well as the specific response of the neuro-humoral system to trauma. Alterations in content of middle molecular peptides in blood might be among factors responsible for the chemoluminescence intensity.

[The rate of synthesis of proteins, nucleic acids and peptides in experimental burn toxemia]. / Intensivnost' obrazovaniia belkov, nukleinovykh kislot i peptidov pri éksperimental'noi ozhogovoi toksemii.

After thermal burns total concentration of protein, RNA and peptides as well as their specific radioactivity were decreased during the period of early toxemia. At the same time, specific radioactivity of some middle weight proteins and peptides was increased after the burns in blood plasma of experimental animal. The reactions responsible for the rate and intensity of these substances metabolism in blood plasma, erythrocytes and liver tissue are discussed.

[Functional activity of liver microsomes and the state of the lipid peroxidation system during acute burn toxemia]. / Funktsional'naia aktivnost' mikrosom pecheni i sostoianie sistemy perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov v period ostroi ozhogovoi toksemii.

Thermal trauma impaired the functional state of liver microsomes. Impairment of the monooxygenase system was due to activation of lipid peroxidation during the early period of burns toxemia.