[Epidemic of nosocomial infection by rotavirus in a neonatology service]. / Epidémie d'infection nosocomiale à rotavirus au sein d'un service de néonatologie.

The goal of work is to establish a clinical descriptive analysis of the epidemic of nosocomial rotavirus occurred in the Neonatal Unit of the Hospital's Child Rabat for a winter period. We systematically collected all the patients of the service right from the first case of rotavirus nosocomial infection. Patients with a stay of less than 48 hours of hospitalization were excluded. We have established operating sheets for all positive cases, with the term, birth weight, postnatal age and weight during the sampling, clinical symptoms, treatment, and the evolution. Out of the 36 cases analyzed (where 26 preterm and 10 term neonates), 12 samples were positive for rotavirus, so one third of patients. The patients with positive samples were in 75% symptomatic cases. The clinical signs were represented in term newborns with stool weight with stagnant fluid in 2 cases and weight loss in one case and in premature infants with mucous stools with abdominal distension in 2/3 of cases, and fluid and stool dehydration in 1/3 of cases. A very low rate of breastfeeding (17%) was noted among all newborns service in this epidemic. We performed the isolation of positive patients, with a strengthening of hygiene measures. In addition, infants were started on symptomatic treatment with careful clinical monitoring. Evolution was complicated by necrotizing enterocolitis in 3 cases of preterm infants.

[Epidemiology of tinea capitis in outpatients at the Children's Hospital in Rabat (Morocco)]. / Épidémiologie des teignes du cuir chevelu chez les consultants externes à l'hôpital d'enfants de Rabat (Maroc).

OBJECTIVE: The aims of this report on results of a retrospective study were to identify the incidence of this pathology among outpatients at the Children's Hospital in Rabat, Morocco, the species involved, their respective prevalence, and the influence of the age and sex of the patient. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1993 and 2007, a mycological examination was performed on 2962 patients in the dermatology service of Ibn Sina University Health Center in Rabat. Mean patient age was 35 (ages ranged from three months to 70 years). RESULTS: Direct microscopic examination was made of all the patients' hair, followed by culture on Sabouraud medium leading to the identification of scalp ringworm in 1299 patients. The age group most affected was children under ten years of age (50% of the cases), mostly boys (M: F sex-ratio 1:14). The majority of cases of ringworm in our study were caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes with 992 cases (76.4%), followed by Microsporum canis with 174 cases (13.4%). Inflammatory ringworm was identified in 32 patients (2.5%) and 30 cases of honeycomb ringworm (tinea favosa) (2.3%). Trichophyton violaceum was more frequent among girls and M. canis was more frequent among boys. Analysis of the incidence of the different species over the years revealed a clear decrease in case of tinea favosa, a decreasing trend for T. violaceum and a significant recrudescence of M. canis. CONCLUSION: T. violaceum continues to be the most common species of scalp ringworm in Morocco, despite a significant increase in M. canis. Tinea favosa has been practically eradicated.