Impact of dichromatic lighted incubation on hatching result and post-hatch performance of broiler chickens.

This study was planned to evaluate the impact of dichromatic lights during incubation on the hatching and post-hatch performance of broiler chickens. A total of 500 eggs of broiler breeder (Ross 308; Age 44 weeks) were evenly divided according to a completely randomized design into 4 treatments having 5 replicates and 25 eggs each. Treatments consisted of dichromatic lights Blue + Red (BR), Green + Red (GR) and Green + Blue (GB) provided at an intensity of 250 lx for 12 h a day along with a Dark (D) environment. After hatching 200 chicks (50 from each respective light group) were divided into 4 treatments with 5 replicates each having 10 chicks. Results indicated a higher embryo index (13.12%) in the GR group on the 12th day of incubation; while an ideal hatch window was observed in GR and GB (98.18% and 96.00% hatched chicks) lighting groups. In hatching traits, higher hatchability (86.15) and hatch of fertile (93.85) percentages were observed in GR lighting followed by GB, BR and Dark treatment groups; while dead-in shell embryos were lowest in the GR group. In growth performance, higher feed intake (513.20 g) and body weight (479.20 g) were observed in the GB group followed by GR, BR and dark group; and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was better in the GR group (1.06). In welfare parameters, improved physical asymmetry (0.90 mm) and tonic immobility (54.40 s) were measured in the GR group followed by GB, BR and the dark group. It was concluded that under experimental conditions when broiler breeder eggs are provided with GR lighting during incubation, it can help to improve hatchability, growth performance and welfare traits in chicks.

Exploring the Impact of Personalized Nutritional Approaches on Metabolism and Immunity: A Systematic Review of Various Nutrients and Dietary Patterns.

The systematic review investigates the impact of different nutrients and dietary patterns on metabolism and immunity to answer the research question: "Can personalized nutritional approaches boost immunity?" The importance of diet in supporting the immune system has come to light in today's environment, where a strong immune system is crucial for protection against infectious illnesses, as highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic. This systematic review adhered to the guidelines outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020. Four databases were screened for relevant data published in 2022-2023: PubMed, PubMed Central (PMC), MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were utilized, and 13 papers were finalized after screening and employing the quality appraisal tool Cochrane Bias assessment for randomized controlled trials (RCT). Personalized nutrition can strengthen immunity and enhance overall health by adjusting dietary recommendations and following a person's genetic makeup, lifestyle, and health state. An adequate supply of vitamins, minerals, proteins, and fatty acids as well as an optimum caloric intake are essential for immune health, and individual requirements can vary significantly due to genetic factors, lifestyle choices, and underlying health conditions. Personalized nutrition considers these factors, enabling tailored dietary recommendations to address specific nutrient needs and optimize nutrient intake, leading to better health outcomes. The review concludes that personalized nutrition is more effective than a one-size-fits-all approach in boosting immunity, and its potential impact on health and immune function is highly important.

Effectiveness of Probiotic Use in Alleviating Symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal (GI) condition, and changes in the gut microbiota's composition contribute to the development of symptoms. Although the precise mechanisms of probiotic use in the human body are not fully understood, probiotic supplements are believed to reduce symptoms, such as abdominal pain, by regulating neurotransmitters and receptors associated with pain modulation in IBS patients compared to placebo by altering the gut flora. This systematic review aimed to assess the most current randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on how probiotic supplementation affects the symptoms in people with IBS. The effects of probiotic supplements on IBS symptoms were studied in RCTs published between January 2018 and June 2023. After a search through PubMed and Google Scholar using the keywords probiotics, gut microbiota, irritable bowel syndrome, and IBS; eight articles matched the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Four trials used a multistrain probiotic, whereas the remaining four trials examined the effects of a monostrain supplement. All eight trials came to the same conclusion: Probiotic treatment may significantly reduce symptoms.

The Role of Proton Pump Inhibitors in the Realm of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and its Associated Comorbidities: A Systematic Review.

As the global incidence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is on the rise, there is a need for better diagnostic criteria, better treatment options, early and appropriate diagnosis, adequate care, and a multidisciplinary approach to the management of patients. This systematic review explores the role of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in IPF and answers the question, "Does proton pump inhibitor improve only the prognosis of gastroesophageal associated idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis or for other types of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis too?" We used PubMed (PMC) and Google Scholar for data collection for this systematic review and followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for conducting this review. After in-depth literature screening and quality appraisal, 12 articles were selected for this systematic review. On the one hand, the efficacy of PPI therapy is supported by research such as the CAPACITY and ASCEND trials, a pilot randomized control trial (RCT) investigating the role of omeprazole in IPF and a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study, respectively. On the other hand, a systematic review and meta-analysis on antacid and antireflux surgery in IPF negate these results and show no statistical significance. Questions regarding the efficacy of PPI therapy must be dealt with in an adequately powered multicenter and double-blinded randomized control trial. The anti-inflammatory properties of antacids can serve as the cornerstone for future trials. In the following systematic review, antacid, antireflux therapy, omeprazole, and proton pump therapy are synonymous with stomach acid suppression therapy.

Comparison of Low-Dose Interleukin 2 Therapy in Conjunction With Standard Therapy in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus vs Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review.

This systematic review aims to compare the efficacy and safety of a novel immunotherapy with low-dose interleukin 2 (IL2) across two of the most prevalent autoimmune diseases i.e. systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Contemporary therapeutic practices have not been able to achieve complete remission from these autoimmune disorders. In contrast, low-dose IL2 has shown promise in achieving this therapeutic goal via inducing self-tolerance in patients with autoimmune diseases; however, due to variable irregularities among autoimmune processes of variable diseases, the benefit of low-dose IL2 could not be determined among different autoimmune diseases. Therefore, we conducted a study to compare low-dose IL2 therapy effects on SLE and RA. We systematically screened four databases: PubMed, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), PubMed Central (PMC), and Google Scholar. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were implemented. Quality appraisal of studies chosen for the review was done using the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias (RoB) assessment tool for randomized controlled trials, and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and JBI critical appraisal tool for non-randomized clinical trials. Information was gathered from seven articles: three randomized controlled trials and four non-randomized clinical trials. Our review concluded that low-dose IL2 therapy in conjunction with respective standard therapies for SLE and RA has a higher efficacy and safety profile as compared to standard therapy alone and the therapeutic effects were comparable in both SLE and RA patients treated with low-dose IL2; however, this novel intervention does not seem to have a significant corrective effect on the biomarkers of RA as it does for SLE biomarkers.

Breaking It Down: A Systematic Review Unravelling the Impact of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Methylphenidate on Childhood Fractures.

Limb fractures are a common cause of pediatric hospital admissions and surgeries, with a significant prevalence in the United Kingdom across all injury categories. Among psychiatric conditions in children, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) stands out as frequently associated with fractures, particularly those involving extremities. ADHD, with diagnoses prevalent among a significant proportion of school-age children and adolescents, has witnessed a growing global incidence. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 checklist for our systematic literature search, using various databases and specific search terms related to ADHD and fractures. We considered articles from 2018 to 2023, focusing on English language papers with free full-text access. Our selection process used the PRISMA flowchart. We began with 1,890 articles and, after deduplication, title screening, abstract assessment, and quality evaluation included nine research papers in our review. Our primary focus was on examining fracture-related outcomes in individuals with ADHD compared to those without, considering medication status. These studies encompassed various designs, with a focus on the ADHD-fracture relationship and methylphenidate's (MPH) impact. Our study confirms that ADHD increases fracture risk and suggests that MPH may help mitigate this risk. Early ADHD detection is vital for nonpharmacological interventions. Orthopedic surgeons should proactively identify ADHD, while healthcare professionals should offer injury prevention guidance, particularly for at-risk groups.

Impact of different light intensities to Japanese quail eggs on hatching results and post-hatch performance.

The study aims to evaluate dichromatic light with different intensities during incubation on pre- and post-hatch performance of Japanese quail. In completely randomized design, 600 quail hatching eggs were evenly divided into 4 treatments, 3 replicates, and 50 eggs in each. These eggs were provided with lighted incubation [dichromatic light; green-red (GR) with three different intensities 150, 250, and 350 lx] with lighting schedule (12L: 12D), and one treatment was the complete dark period during incubation and considered as control group. After hatch, 300 quail chicks were equally divided into four treatments (3 replicates and 25 chicks in each). Effects of GR light with different intensities during incubation were evaluated on hatching traits and post-hatch performance of Japanese quails. Regarding hatching traits, hatchability was better in all the treated groups (150, 250, and 350 lx of GR light during incubation) compared to complete dark. In terms of embryonic mortality, early embryonic mortality was lower in the 250 lx group, mid embryonic mortality in dark, and late embryonic mortality in the 150 lx group. Furthermore, an ideal chick spread and growth performance (weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and liveability) was reported in 250 lx group compared to other treated groups. Serum chemistry values were higher in dark group compared to 150, 250, and 350 lx groups. Pre-slaughter weight was higher in 250 and 350 lx group than 150 lx and dark group, whereas carcass weight was better in 350 lx group compared to dark. In conclusion, stimulation of dichromatic light (green + red) at 250 lx to Japanese quail eggs positively influenced hatching traits and post-hatch growth performance of Japanese quail.

Effects of prenatal dichromatic light exposure on hatching results and post-hatch performance of Japanese quail.

Present study evaluated the effect of lighted incubation on pre- and post-hatch performance of Japanese quail. In a completely randomized design, 1200 eggs were evenly divided into 4 treatments groups having six replicates (each tray was considered as replicate), 50 eggs each. Different dichromatic lights (Green + Red; GR, Green + Blue; GB, and Blue + Red; BR) of 250 lux were provided during incubation for 12 h daily and effects of these lights very evaluated on hatching results and post-hatch growth. After hatch, 600 quail chicks were divided into 4 treatments, 6 replicates, and 25 birds each. Regarding hatching traits, better hatchability was found in the GR group compared to GB, BR, and dark group; while early embryonic mortality was lower in BR, GB, and dark group than GR; mid embryonic mortality was lower in dark group and late embryonic mortality was noted in the GR group than those of other treatment groups. In addition, moisture loss during incubation was minimum in BR and dark groups; however, chick spread was better in the GR group. In terms of growth performance, weight gain was better in the GR group; feed intake in dark, feed conversion ratio in BR, and livability were better in BR and GR group. In morphometrics, keel and shank length were higher in all the colored groups (GB, BR, and GR) whereas body length, wing spread, shank circumference, drumstick length, and circumference were higher in the GR group. Regarding serum chemistry, glucose, albumin, and globulin levels were higher in the GR group. It was concluded that under the experimental conditions, GR light at the prenatal stage to Japanese quail eggs positively influenced hatching performance and post-hatch growth.

Impact of light stimulation during incubation on hatching traits and post-hatch performance of commercial broilers.

Light in terms of photo- and scoto-periods is the key ambient factor affecting the physiology of birds through establishing normal biological clock and circadian rhythms. In natural incubation light significantly influences embryonic development, however, at commercial setups eggs are incubated under a dark environment. Presently not a single commercial poultry hatchery is using light during incubation; hence, comprehensive studies are needed to address the industry for considering light as a potential embryonic growth stimulant. In the present study, white Light-emitting diodes (LEDs; 5000 K) were installed in the incubator and 250 lx light intensity was provided for 0, 12, and 24 h per day during the whole incubation period. A total of 900 broiler hatching eggs (Hubbard classic; from 58 weeks old parents) were randomly allocated to 3 treatment groups, having 5 replicates of 60 eggs each, a tray was considered as replicate during incubation and these eggs were incubated under standard incubation protocols. After hatching, a total of 300 chicks were picked and divided into 3 described treatments (0, 12, and 24 h of photo-stimulation to eggs during incubation) having 5 replicates of 20 birds each. The results indicated that incubation of eggs under 12 and 24 h of lighting significantly improved (P ≤ 0.05) hatch window, hatchability % (0.0002), a hatch of fertile % (0.001), and carcass yield % (0.0454). Embryonic mortality, dead germs, and dead in shell embryos were lower in eggs incubated under 12 h light. Significantly better FCR (0.0006), stress susceptibilities such as H/L ratio (0.0227), and physical asymmetry (0.0065) were observed among the birds incubated under 12 h light (P ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, an appropriate light stimuli (12 h) may help to improve hatching traits and post-hatch performance of commercial broiler.

Primary Hepatic Lymphoma Masquerading as Symptomatic Hypercalcemia.

Primary lymphoma of the liver is extremely rare, and is more common among immunocompromised patients. It typically occurs after the fifth decade of life and has a male predominance. It often presents with diagnostic difficulties to both clinicians and pathologists as most cases have a solitary or multiple mass lesions in the liver with normal alpha-fetoprotein levels. Chemotherapy is the standard of therapy. Here, we describe a unique case of primary hepatic lymphoma in an elderly immunocompetent female who presented with symptomatic hypercalcemia.

Short-Term Use of Baclofen Leading to Delirium in a Patient With End Stage Renal Disease Receiving Hemodialysis.

Baclofen, a muscle relaxant is primarily excreted by the kidneys. We present the case of a 60-year-old male who developed acute delirium, visual hallucinations, and behavioral changes after he took a friend's prescription of baclofen for pain relief. There was immediate improvement after dialysis, and multiple sessions of hemodialysis led to complete resolution of symptoms. A high suspicion for pharmacological causes of delirium is needed in the end stage renal disease (ESRD). Baclofen is known but under recognized cause of acute delirium in ESRD patients. We discuss the pharmacokinetics of baclofen. We suggest reducing dose or preferably avoiding use of baclofen in ESRD patients, especially the elderly.

Acute Presentation of Simultaneous Liver Abscesses Caused by Streptococcus constellatus.

Simultaneous liver abscesses are rarely seen and reported. We are reporting a case of two simultaneous, complex liver abscesses in a patient who had no evidence of liver abscess on cross-sectional imaging close to three months prior to this presentation. These abscesses were 7-8 cm in size, large, and septated. Microbiological studies were positive for Streptococcus constellatus, which is a known cause of pyogenic liver abscess. In our patient, pyogenic liver abscesses were associated with bacteremia and sepsis. This patient was managed with broad spectrum parenteral antibiotics and percutaneous drainage with improvement in clinical condition. This patient was discharged home with a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) line in place to complete a six-week course of parenteral antibiotics. A complete history and physical with pertinent examination findings are key to diagnosis of liver abscess. S. constellatus should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with liver abscess and sepsis.