Effect of Diafenthiuron exposure under short and long term experimental conditions on hematology, serum biochemical profile and elemental composition of a non-target organism, Labeo rohita.

Diafenthiuron is a thiourea compound that has a novel mode of action as it inhibits mitochondrial functioning in insect pests. It has been reported in local newspapers that this pesticide is entering in our fresh water bodies on regular basis and it is a potential threat for aquatic life. The present study was designed to determine effect of Diafenthiuron, a commonly used pesticide in Pakistan, on the hematology, serum biochemical profile and elemental composition of a non-target organism, Labeo rohita (L. rohita). A sub-lethal dose (0.0075 mg L-1) of Diafenthiuron was applied under short (2, 4 and 8 days) and long term (16, 32 and 64 days) experimental conditions. Our results indicated that the pesticide exposed fish had significantly higher white blood count, lymphocyte, red blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, red cell distribution width than the control group. However, platelets count, plateletcrit and platelet distribution width were significantly reduced in Diafenthiuron treatments than their respective control groups. Concentration of total serum proteins, albumin, globulin, cholesterol, triglycerides and AST were disturbed in pesticide exposed treatments compared to control groups. Comparison of elemental concentrations revealed that calcium, potassium and cadmium concentration varied significantly when compared between Diafenthiuron treated and untreated L. rohita. In conclusion, we are reporting that Diafenthiuron can adversely affect the hematological, serum and elemental concentrations of a non-target organism like L. rohita and may therefore pose a threat to the food web.

Torsion of a wandering spleen: an unusual abdominal catastrophe.

Wandering spleen is a rare clinical entity characterised by splenic hypermobility resulting from laxity or maldevelopment of the suspensory gastrosplenic, splenorenal, and phrenicocolic ligaments. Diagnosis is quite difficult, especially in children because of the lack of symptoms and signs until splenic torsion have occurred. An array of investigations is possible but US with color Doppler, CT with intravenous contrast and MRI are frequently being used to diagnose wandering spleen with or without torsion. We present a case of 5 years old child with torsion of wandering spleen to highlight the importance of prompt diagnosis and management.

Neonatal testicular torsion; a review article.

Neonatal testicular torsion, also known as perinatal testicular torsion is a subject of debate among surgeons. Neonatal testicular torsion either intrauterine or postnatal results into extravaginal torsion which is a different entity than intravaginal type but has the same devastating consequences if not diagnosed and managed well in time. Testicular torsion results into acute ischemia with its resultant sequelae such as abnormality of testicular function and fertility. Urgent surgical exploration and fixation of the other testis are the key points in the management. General anesthesia is not a contraindication for exploration as thought before. Diagnosis and controversies on management of testicular torsion are discussed in this review.