The Institutionalisation of Brazilian Older Abused Adults: A Qualitative Study among Victims and Formal Carers.

Abuse against elders is acknowledged as a severe and pervasive problem in society. If support services are not tailored to the victims' knowledge or perceived needs, the intervention is likely to be unsuccessful. This study aimed to explore the experience of institutionalisation of abused older people from the perspective of the victims and their formal carers in a Brazilian social shelter. A qualitative descriptive study was performed with 18 participants, including formal carers and older abused persons admitted to a long-term care institution in the south of Brazil. Qualitative thematic analysis was used to analyse the transcripts of semi-structured qualitative interviews. Three themes were identified: (1) personal, relational, and social bonds: broken or weakened; (2) denial of the violence suffered; and (3) from imposed protection to compassionate care. Our findings provide insights for effective prevention and intervention measures in elder abuse. From a socio-ecological standpoint, vulnerability and abuse might be averted at the community and societal levels (e.g., education and awareness of elder abuse) by creating a minimum standard for the care of older individuals (e.g., law or economic incentives). Further study is needed to facilitate recognition and raise awareness among individuals in need and those offering assistance and support.

BURNOUT SYNDROME AMONG DENTISTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS.

OBJECTIVE: Burnout syndrome has negative consequences on the dentist's health and performance during work. This systematic review aimed to assess the prevalence of Burnout syndrome in dentists. METHODS: Searches were carried out in Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, EMBASE, LILACS databases, and searches in the gray literature on January 27, 2021. There were no restrictions on language and search period. For the diagnosis of Burnout, only studies that used the Maslach burnout inventory questionnaire and its subscales emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and reduced personal accomplishment (PA) were included. Proportion meta-analyses were performed using the Stata 13.0 software. RESULTS: A total of 37 articles were included in the narrative and 31 in quantitative syntheses. The overall prevalence of Burnout syndrome in dentists was 13% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.006-0.21; I²: 97.07%) and the total prevalence in the subscales EE, DP, and PA, were, respectively: 28% (95% CI: 0.24-0.32; I²: 20.70%), 18% (95% CI: 0.08-0.28; I²: 85.61%) and 10% (95% CI: 0.08-0.13; I²: 0%). About the levels of Burnout syndrome in the subscales, 25% (95% CI: 0.19-0.31; I² 92.58%) presented high EE, 18% (95% CI: 0.10-0.26; I² 96.62%) high DP and 32% (95% 0.20-0.45; I² 97.86%) low PA. About continuous data, the mean of EE, DP and PA was respectively 17.90 (95% CI: 9.36-26.43; I² 94.8), 6.93 (95% CI: 3.41-10.45; I² 80.2) and, 34.69 (95% CI: 23.82-45.55; I² 98.8). No study presented all the positive criteria of the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal checklist. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, there was a considerable prevalence of burnout syndrome in dentists, mainly in the subscale of emotional exhaustion.

Conhecimento, percepções e práticas de uma equipe de enfermagem sobre saúde bucal em ambiente hospitalar: uma abordagem qualitativa / Knowledge, perceptions and practices of a nursing team on oral health in a hospital: a qualitative research

A odontologia hospitalar tem demonstrado maior preocupação com a abordagem integral do paciente, visto que o não tratamento ou agravamento de patologias da cavidade bucal podem impactar a saúde geral. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar, em caráter exploratório e com uma abordagem qualitativa, o conhecimento, as percepções e práticas da equipe de enfermagem sobre a saúde bucal em ambiente hospitalar. A amostra foi composta por 2 enfermeiras e 6 técnicas em enfermagem. A coleta de dados foi feita através de entrevista semi-estruturada e a análise do conteúdo foi realizada em 3 núcleos temáticos: práticas de higiene, conhecimentos sobre saúde bucal e significados dos cuidados em saúde. Diante dos dados obtidos, foi possível observar deficiência com relação ao conhecimento, percepção e prática quanto aos cuidados com a saúde bucal em ambiente hospitalar, bem como a necessidade de orientação e capacitação da equipe de enfermagem para executar tais cuidados. Concluiu-se que necessária a adoção de medidas voltadas a atenção a saúde bucal, com vista à promoção da saúde, reforçando a importância do cuidado com a saúde bucal como parte integrante do restabelecimento da saúde geral, de forma integral ao paciente hospitalizado.

The hospitalar dentistry has shown greater concern with the the integral approach of patients, since the non-treatment or deterioration of pathologies of the oral cavity can impact their general health. The aim of this study was to analyze, using a qualitative approach of an exploratory nature, the knowledge and practices of the nursing staff on oral health in a hospital. The sample consisted of 2 nurses and 6 nursing techniques. Data collection was done through semi-structured interviews and the content analysis was performed on 3 thematic groups: practice and hygiene, oral health knowledge, meanings of health care. According to the obtained data, it was possible to observed the lack of attention regarding the oral health care in hospitals, as well as the need for guidance and training of nursing staff to perform such care. It could be concluded that it is necessary to adopt measures focused on oral health care, to promote health, reforcing the importance of oral health, in an integral part of reestablishment of general health, in full attention to hospitalized patient.

Violência contra a pessoa idosa no contexto rural em tempos de COVID-19: velhas e novas emergências / Violencia contra los adultos mayores en el contexto rural en tiempos de COVID-19: viejas y nuevas emergencias / Elder abuse in the rural context in times of COVID-19: old and new emergencies

RESUMO Objetivo ampliar o debate sobre os fatores presentes no cotidiano da população idosa rural do Brasil, que contribuem para o aumento da violência contra a pessoa idosa (VCPI) na pandemia. Método estudo teórico-reflexivo, que apresenta como referenciais a Política Nacional de Saúde Integral das Populações do Campo e da Floresta e a Teoria da Vulnerabilidade, proposta por Ayres, que buscam compreender a exposição dos indivíduos a desfechos agravantes à saúde. O desenvolvimento se pautou na literatura nacional e internacional, e foi organizado pelo eixo condutor "as vulnerabilidades, redes formais e informais de proteção contra VCPI: reflexões em tempos de pandemia de COVID-19 em contexto de ruralidades". Resultados o distanciamento social necessário para a mitigação da pandemia de COVID-19 pode estar impactando negativamente os idosos da zona rural a enfrentarem a VCPI. Acredita-se que o conjunto de estratégias das redes formais e informais não tem atingido adequadamente as necessidades dos idosos da área rural. Considerações finais e implicações para a prática é de fundamental importância que, em meio à pandemia do coronavírus, haja implantação de estratégias para a manutenção e ampliação dos equipamentos sociais da rede formal e informal de proteção contra VCPI, levando em consideração as necessidades da área rural.

RESUMEN Objetivo ampliar el debate sobre los factores presentes en el cotidiano de la población anciana rural en Brasil, que contribuyen al aumento de la violencia contra los ancianos (VCA) en la pandemia. Método estudio teórico-reflexivo que presenta como referencias la Política Nacional de Salud Integral de las Poblaciones Rurales y Forestales y la Teoría de la Vulnerabilidad, propuesta por Ayres, que buscan comprender la exposición de los individuos a resultados agravantes de salud. El desarrollo se basó en la literatura nacional e internacional, y fue organizado por el eje rector "las vulnerabilidades, redes formales e informales de protección a las VCA: reflexiones en tiempos de la pandemia del COVID-19 en el contexto de las ruralidades". Resultados el distanciamiento social necesario para mitigar la pandemia de COVID-19 puede estar impactando negativamente a las personas mayores rurales que enfrentan la VCA. Se cree que el conjunto de estrategias de las redes formales e informales no han atendido adecuadamente las necesidades de los adultos mayores en las zonas rurales. Consideraciones finales e implicaciones para la práctica es de fundamental importancia que, en medio de la pandemia del coronavirus, se implementen estrategias para el mantenimiento y ampliación de los equipamientos sociales en la red formal e informal de protección contra la VCA, teniendo en cuenta las necesidades de la zona rural.

ABSTRACT Objective to expand the debate on factors present in the daily life of rural older adults in Brazil, which contribute to the increase in elder abuse (EA) in the pandemic. Method a theoretical-reflective study, which presents the Brazilian National Comprehensive Health Policy for Rural and Forest Populations and the Vulnerability Theory as frameworks, proposed by Ayres, that seek to understand the exposure of individuals to aggravating health outcomes. The development was based on national and international literature, and was organized by the guiding axis "vulnerabilities, formal and informal networks of protection against EA: reflections in times of the COVID-19 pandemic in a context of rurality". Results the social distancing necessary for mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic may be negatively impacting rural older adults facing EA. It is believed that the set of strategies of formal and informal networks has not adequately met older adults' needs in rural areas. Final considerations and implications for practice it is of fundamental importance that, amidst the coronavirus pandemic, strategies are implemented for maintenance and expansion of the formal and informal network social equipment of protection against EA, taking into account rural people's needs.

Diagnósticos de enfermagem em idosos institucionalizados vítimas de violência / Diagnósticos de enfermería en ancianos institucionalizados víctimas de violencia / Nursing diagnoses in institutionalized elderly victims of violence

Resumo Objetivo identificar os diagnósticos de enfermagem em idosos institucionalizados vítimas de violência. Método estudo exploratório descritivo qualitativo, conduzido pelo referencial das Necessidades Humanas Básicas, desenvolvido em instituição de longa permanência. A coleta de dados ocorreu de maio a junho de 2020, com informações obtidas em prontuários clínicos. Os dados foram submetidos à análise temática e de conteúdo dirigida à taxonomia II da NANDA Internacional. Todos os aspectos éticos foram respeitados. Resultados foram analisados 14 prontuários e identificados 25 diagnósticos de enfermagem, dos quais 12 se relacionaram às necessidades psicobiológicas, 13 às psicossociais e 1 às psicoespirituais. Quanto à categoria diagnóstica, 20 se relacionaram aos problemas de saúde, 4 aos riscos potenciais e 1 à promoção da saúde. Conclusão e implicações para a prática a exposição à violência intrafamiliar, a presença de condições crônicas e a institucionalização revelaram diagnósticos que demonstraram fragilidades. Destaca-se a demanda de intervenções relacionadas à motivação dos idosos em alcançar seu bem-estar, direcionando a assistência de acordo com necessidades psicobiológicas, psicossociais e psicoespirituais, com foco na recuperação da saúde do idoso e de sua dignidade. Utilizar os diagnósticos de enfermagem para construir o processo de cuidado em idosos institucionalizados amplia a assistência e possibilita um olhar diferenciado às vítimas de violência.

Resumen Objetivo identificar diagnósticos de enfermería en ancianos institucionalizados, víctimas de violencia. Método estudio exploratorio descriptivo cualitativo, realizado por el marco de Necesidades Humanas Básicas, desarrollado en una institución de larga estancia. La recolección de datos se realizó desde mayo hasta junio de 2020, con informaciones obtenidas de las historias clínicas. Los datos se sometieron a un Análisis Temático y de contenido dirigido a la taxonomía II de la NANDA Internacional. Se respetaron todos los aspectos éticos. Resultados se analizaron 14 historias clínicas y se identificaron 25 diagnósticos de enfermería; de estos, 12 estaban relacionados con necesidades psicobiológicas; 13, con psicosociales y uno con psicoespirituales. En cuanto a la categoría de diagnóstico, 20 se relacionaron con problemas de salud, cuatro con riesgos potenciales y uno con promoción de la salud. Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica la exposición a la violencia doméstica, la presencia de afecciones crónicas y la institucionalización revelaron diagnósticos que demostraban debilidades. Es necesario hacer un mayor énfasis en las intervenciones relacionadas con la motivación de los ancianos para lograr su bienestar, dirigiendo la asistencia a las necesidades psicobiológicas, psicosociales y psicoespirituales, con un enfoque en la recuperación de la salud y la dignidad del anciano. La utilización de los diagnósticos de enfermería para construir el proceso de atención al anciano institucionalizado, amplía la asistencia y posibilita una atención diferenciada a las víctimas de violencia.

Abstract Objective to identify nursing diagnoses in institutionalized elderly victims of violence. Method this was a qualitative descriptive exploratory study conducted by the basic human needs framework and developed in a long-term institution. Data collection took place from May to June 2020, and information was obtained from clinical records. Data were submitted to thematic and content analysis and directed to NANDA International Taxonomy II. All ethical aspects were respected. Results 14 medical records were analyzed, and 25 nursing diagnoses were identified; of these, 12 were related to psychobiological needs, 13 were related to psychosocial needs, and one was related to a psychospiritual need. As for the diagnostic category, 20 were related to health issues, four to potential risks, and one to health promotion. Conclusion and implications for practice exposure to domestic violence, the presence of chronic conditions, and institutionalization revealed diagnoses that showed weaknesses. Greater emphasis is required in interventions related to motivating the elderly who wish to achieve their well-being, directing assistance to psychobiological, psychosocial, and psychospiritual needs, with a focus on recovering the health of the elderly and their dignity. By using nursing diagnoses to construct the care process in long-stay institutions, care is expanded, enabling a differentiated look at victims of violence.

Vulnerability, family violence and institutionalization: narratives for elderly and professionals in social welcome center.

OBJECTIVE: To know the institutionalization process and the functional clinical condition of elderly people who suffered family violence, from the perspective of the elderly and professionals. METHODS: Qualitative, which used oral history as a data collection technique. Held in a long-term institution for the elderly, using a semi-structured interview script. The participants were three nursing technicians, two nursing assistants, five caregivers for the elderly and eight elderly. Thematic analysis was performed with the aid of the MAXQDA® software. RESULTS: Three categories were identified: The condition of vulnerability and the care needs of the elderly, indicating welcoming as an intervention; Suffering and denial of conditions of vulnerability; and Situations of family violence and the positive aspects of reception. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term institutions are considered important spaces for comprehensive and humanized care, as well as essential for the protection of elderly victims of family violence.

The influence of apical extent of root canal obturation on endodontic therapy outcome: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVES: This systematic review (SR) aimed to investigate the influence of obturation extent on the final outcome of root canal treatment (RCT), by answering the question "among patients requiring RCT on fully formed permanent teeth, is there an association between obturation extent and the final treatment outcome?" MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five electronic databases and three gray literature searches were performed. Observational studies investigating the association between obturation extent and RCT outcome in fully formed permanent teeth with a minimum follow-up of 12 months were included. We evaluated the risk of bias (RoB) in with MAStARI for cohort studies. The overall quality of the evidence was assessed with the GRADE-tool. RESULTS: Twenty-two studies were included, 2 had high RoB, 7 moderate RoB, and 13 low RoB. Underextended obturation demonstrated increased odds of an unfavorable outcome in seven studies, in which the odds varied between 6.94 (95%CI 2.20-21.87) and 1.73 (95%CI 1.02-2.95). Overextended obturation also demonstrated this association in four studies, with odds varying from 1.90 (95%CI 1.23-2.94) to 23.00 (95%CI 5.58-94.75). Due to heterogeneity and the very low level of evidence found in the GRADE analysis, the results from this SR should be interpreted with caution. CONCLUSIONS: Obturation extent seems to influence RCT outcome; overextended and underextended obturations showed higher chance of association with less favorable outcomes than adequate obturation; however, this association was not categorically supported. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This SR provides information about obturation extent influence on RCT outcome and guides clinicians to make evidence-based decisions during endodontic practice.

Radiographic analysis the obturation's quality in root canal treatment performed by a South Brazilian sample of undergraduate students / Análise radiográfica da obturação em tratamentos endodônticos realizados por alunos de Odontologia de uma amostra do sul do Brasil

ABSTRACT Objective to investigate the quality of root canal treatments performed by undergraduate students. Methods 274 root-filled teeth (excluding molars) from the Department of Endodontology of the Federal University of Santa Catarina in a nine-year period were selected and evaluated by two calibrated examiners. The evaluation was based on tooth type, number of root canals, presence or absence curvature, length of filling material considered the radiographic apex as reference (considered adequate shorter than 2mm from radiographic apex), filling material density, filling taper, and overall quality of RCT. Chi-square and Fisher exact tests were performed to analyze associations between variables of interest (p<0.05). Results 197 RCT were classified as acceptable (71.9%). The frequency of adequate RCT was significantly higher in incisor (79.4%) than in premolars (66.4%) or canines (58.1%) (p=0.015). The number of canals did not influence root canal quality in this sample (p>0.05). The factor more frequently identified as unacceptable was filling length (26.6%). All RCT performed in curved teeth and classified as unacceptable were underfilled. Procedural errors, such as perforations or instrumental separation, were not found in this sample. Conclusion The most common criteria identified as unacceptable was the length of the filling material. Incisors had better quality assessment rates than canines and premolars. The high-quality rates found in this sample may be linked to the professor/student rates.

RESUMO Objetivo Investigar a qualidade dos tratamentos endodônticos realizados por alunos de graduação em odontologia. Métodos 274 dentes (excluindo molares) com endodontia realizada no Departamento de Endodontia da Universidade Federal de Santa Cataria durante 9 anos foram avaliados por dois examinadores calibrados. A avaliação foi baseada no tipo de dente, número de condutos radiculares, presença ou ausência de curvatura, nível da obturação em relação ao ápice radiográfico (considerado adequado quando a menos de 2mm do ápice radiográfico), densidade do material obturador, espessura da obturação e qualidade geral do tratamento. Teste qui quadrado e exato de Fisher foram usados para avaliar a associação entre as variáveis de interesse (p<0.05). Resultados 197 tratamentos foram considerados adequados (71.9%). A frequência de tratamentos adequado foi maior em incisivos (79.4%), do que em pré-molares (66.4%) e caninos (58.1%) (p=0.015). O número de canais não influenciou a qualidade do tratamento nessa amostra (p>0.05). O fator mais associado a tratamentos com qualidade inadequada foi o nível da obturação (26.6%). Todos os tratamentos inadequados, em dentes com curvatura, estavam com obturação mais do que 2mm aquém do ápice. Não houveram erros, como perfuração ou separação de instrumentais. Conclusão O critério mais frequentemente identificado como inadequado foi o nível apical da obturação. Tratamentos realizados em incisivos resultaram em qualidade superior aos em caninos e pré-molares. A alta qualidade dos tratamentos dessa amostra pode estar relacionada com a razão estudante/professor.

Impact of an inpatient multidisciplinary glucose control management program.

OBJECTIVE: Glycemic control has been increasingly recognized as a critical element in inpatient care, but optimal management of blood glucose in the hospital setting remains challenging. The aims of this study were to describe and evaluate the impact of the implementation of an inpatient multidisciplinary glucose control management program on glucose control in hospitalized patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of medical records and glucose monitoring data obtained by point- of-care testing (POCT) in hospitalized patients before (May 2014) and after (June 2015 and May 2017) the implementation of the program. RESULTS: We analyzed 6888, 7290, and 7669 POCTs from 389, 545, and 475 patients in May 2014, June 2015, and May 2017, respectively. Hyperglycemia (≥ 180 mg/ dL) occurred in 23.5%, 19.6%, and 19.3% POCTs in May 2014, June 2015, and May/2017, respectively (p < 0.001), while severe hyperglycemia (≥ 300 mg/dL) was observed in 2.5%, 2.2%, and 1.8% of them, respectively (p = 0.003). Hyperglycemia (≥ 180 mg/dL) reduced significantly from May 2014 to June 2015 (16.3%, p < 0.001) and from May 2014 to May 2017 (178%, p < 0.001). No significant changes occurred in hypoglycemic parameters. CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of an inpatient multidisciplinary glucose control management program led to significant reductions in hyperglycemic events. The key elements for this achievement were the development of institutional inpatient glycemic control protocols, establishment of a multidisciplinary team, and continuing educational programs for hospital personnel. Altogether, these actions resulted in improvements in care processes, patient safety, and clinical outcomes of hospitalized patients.

Impact of an inpatient multidisciplinary glucose control management program

ABSTRACT Objective: Glycemic control has been increasingly recognized as a critical element in inpatient care, but optimal management of blood glucose in the hospital setting remains challenging. The aims of this study were to describe and evaluate the impact of the implementation of an inpatient multidisciplinary glucose control management program on glucose control in hospitalized patients. Materials and methods: Retrospective analysis of medical records and glucose monitoring data obtained by point- of-care testing (POCT) in hospitalized patients before (May 2014) and after (June 2015 and May 2017) the implementation of the program. Results: We analyzed 6888, 7290, and 7669 POCTs from 389, 545, and 475 patients in May 2014, June 2015, and May 2017, respectively. Hyperglycemia (≥ 180 mg/ dL) occurred in 23.5%, 19.6%, and 19.3% POCTs in May 2014, June 2015, and May/2017, respectively (p < 0.001), while severe hyperglycemia (≥ 300 mg/dL) was observed in 2.5%, 2.2%, and 1.8% of them, respectively (p = 0.003). Hyperglycemia (≥ 180 mg/dL) reduced significantly from May 2014 to June 2015 (16.3%, p < 0.001) and from May 2014 to May 2017 (178%, p < 0.001). No significant changes occurred in hypoglycemic parameters. Conclusions: The implementation of an inpatient multidisciplinary glucose control management program led to significant reductions in hyperglycemic events. The key elements for this achievement were the development of institutional inpatient glycemic control protocols, establishment of a multidisciplinary team, and continuing educational programs for hospital personnel. Altogether, these actions resulted in improvements in care processes, patient safety, and clinical outcomes of hospitalized patients.

Prevalence of reported percutaneous injuries on dentists: A meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: To answer the focused question, "What are the prevalence of percutaneous injuries (PIs) on dentists, the location with the highest prevalence, and the dental instrument most responsible for these injuries?" As secondary outcomes, the prevalence by geographic location, type of PI, sex distribution, and dentist's specialty were also considered. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Observational descriptive studies investigating the prevalence of percutaneous injuries on dentists were included. SOURCES: Five electronic databases and three partial grey literature searches were performed. RISK OF BIAS: The MAStARI tool assessed the potential risk of bias (RoB) among the studies, while the GRADE approach determined the level of evidence. INCLUDED STUDIES: Among 2284 identified studies, 55 were included. Three studies were classified as low RoB, 17 as moderate RoB, and 35 as high RoB. The sample size ranged from 9 to 4107 dentists. SYNTHESIS OF RESULTS: The PI prevalence in dentists ranged from 7.72% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.93-37.59) to 66.74% (95%CI: 29.83-94.51). North America was the most affected region, while South America was the least affected. Differences between sexes were not significant. The dental bur was the most commonly reported dental instrument causing PIs. LIMITATIONS: Owing to the very low GRADE level of evidence, caution should be applied when considering these findings and further research is required. CONCLUSIONS: A high PI prevalence among dentists was noticed, and most were caused by dental burs. These findings imply that PIs should be considered by every dentist and proper measures instituted to reduce their prevalence.

Effect of Milk Renewal on Cell Viability In Vitro at Different Time Frames.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate if the renewal of milk as a storage medium, every 12, 24 and 48 h, is able to increase its ability to maintain human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLF) viability over time. PDLF were soaked in Minimum Essential Medium at 37 °C (MEM-37) (positive control), tap water (Water) (negative control) and in skimmed milk (44 wells) at 5 °C and 20 °C. The skimmed milk was renewed every 12 h (Milk-12), 24 h (Milk-24) and 48 h (Milk-48) in 11 wells of each plate, and the milk in the remaining 11 wells of each plate was maintained in situ (not renewed milk) (NRM). After 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h, cell viability was determined by the tetrazolium salt-based colorimetric (MTT) assay. Data were statistically analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis, Scheffé and Mann-Whitney tests (a=5%). At 5 °C, only Milk-48 was significantly better than NRM. At 20 °C, NRM was more effective than Milk-12 and Milk-24 in all time periods. In relation to the temperature (5 °C or 20 °C), renewal of milk at 5 °C was better in maintaining cell viability than the renewal at 20 °C. In conclusion, the renewal of milk was able to increase its ability to maintain cell viability only when performed every 48 h in milk maintained at 5 °C.

Effect of Milk Renewal on Cell Viability In Vitro at Different Time Frames

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate if the renewal of milk as a storage medium, every 12, 24 and 48 h, is able to increase its ability to maintain human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLF) viability over time. PDLF were soaked in Minimum Essential Medium at 37 °C (MEM-37) (positive control), tap water (Water) (negative control) and in skimmed milk (44 wells) at 5 °C and 20 °C. The skimmed milk was renewed every 12 h (Milk-12), 24 h (Milk-24) and 48 h (Milk-48) in 11 wells of each plate, and the milk in the remaining 11 wells of each plate was maintained in situ (not renewed milk) (NRM). After 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h, cell viability was determined by the tetrazolium salt-based colorimetric (MTT) assay. Data were statistically analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis, Scheffé and Mann-Whitney tests (a=5%). At 5 °C, only Milk-48 was significantly better than NRM. At 20 °C, NRM was more effective than Milk-12 and Milk-24 in all time periods. In relation to the temperature (5 °C or 20 °C), renewal of milk at 5 °C was better in maintaining cell viability than the renewal at 20 °C. In conclusion, the renewal of milk was able to increase its ability to maintain cell viability only when performed every 48 h in milk maintained at 5 °C.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se a renovação do leite, a cada 12, 24 e 48 h, é capaz de aumentar sua capacidade de manter a viabilidade de fibroblastos do ligamento periodontal humano (FLPH) ao longo do tempo. FLPH foram conservados em Meio Essencial Mínimo a 37 °C (MEM-37) (controle positivo), água da torneira (água) (controle negativo) e em leite desnatado (44 poços) a 5 °C e 20 °C. O leite desnatado foi renovado a cada 12 h (leite-12), 24 h (leite-24) e 48 h (leite-48) em 11 poços de cada placa, e em outros 11 poços de cada placa o leite foi deixado in situ (leite não renovado) (LNR). Depois de 24, 48, 72, 96 e 120 h, a viabilidade celular foi determinada pelo ensaio colorimétrico à base de sal tetrazólio (MTT). Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente pelos testes de Kruskal-Wallis, Scheffé e Mann-Whitney (α=5%). A 5 °C, somente o leite-48 foi significantemente melhor do que o LNR. A 20 °C, LNR foi mais efetivo do que o leite-12 e leite-24 em todos os períodos de tempo. Em relação à temperatura (5 °C ou 20 °C), a renovação do leite a 5 °C foi melhor na manutenção da viabilidade celular do que a renovação a 20 °C. Concluindo, a renovação do leite foi capaz de aumentar sua habilidade em manter a viabilidade celular apenas quando realizada a cada 48 h no leite mantido a 5 °C.

Burnout em estudantes de graduação em Odontologia / Burnout in undergraduate dental students

A síndrome de Burnout (SB) é uma condição crônica multidimensional. Observa-se que um número significativo de estudantes e profissionais da área da saúde, especialmente da Odontologia, tem sido acometido por este agravo. O presente estudo objetivou verificar a prevalência da SB entre os estudantes de graduação em Odontologia de 1ª, 5ª e 10ª fases da UFSC. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi um questionário sobre dados demográficos e econômicos, perfil do estudante e o Inventário de Burnout Maslach - Student Survey (MBI-SS). A prevalência da SB foi de 10,89%. Houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre as fases do curso e níveis percepção da estrutura física da instituição de ensino e pensamento de desistir do curso. Também entre a ocorrência da SB e fase do curso, horas semanais de lazer, horas diárias de sono, necessidade de professor particular, percepção do próprio desempenho acadêmico, do desempenho dos professores e da estrutura física da instituição de ensino, consumo de medicamentos e pensamento de desistir do curso. Conclui-se que a SB foi prevalente em 10,89% dos estudantes pesquisados (AU).

The Burnout syndrome (BS) is a multidimensional chronic condition. It is observed that a significant number of health professionals and students, especially on Dentistry, has been affected by this injury. This study aimed to check the prevalence of SB among undergraduate dental students of 1st, 5th and 10th stages of the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC). The instrument for data collection was a questionnaire on demographic and economic data, student profile and the Maslach Burnout Inventory - Student Survey (MBI-SS) in the Brazilian version. The prevalence of SB was 10.89%. There was a statistically significant association between the stages of the course and the variables perception of the conditions of the physical structure of the educational institution and thought of quitting the course. Also between the occurrence of the SB and the variables: stage of the course, weekly hours of leisure, time spent sleeping, need a tutor, selfperception of the academic performance and of the teacher's one, perception of the conditions of the physical structure of the educational institution, consumption medicines because studies and thought of quitting the course. In conclusion, the SB was prevalent in 10.89% of the students surveyed (AU).

Perfil socioeconômico dos graduandos em Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina / Socioeconomic profile of graduates in Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina

O objetivo deste estudo é estabelecer o perfil socioeconômico dos estudantes regularmente matriculados no Curso de Graduação em Odontologia da UFSC. Um questionário foi formulado e aplicado a 327 alunos, voluntários, regularmente matriculados no curso de graduação em Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. O perfil socioeconômico do acadêmico da UFSC foi semelhante ao visto em outras universidades. Há predominância de alunos do sexo feminino, solteiros, sem filhos, da cor branca e com idade entre 21 e 25 anos. A grande maioria não participa de nenhum programa de assistência estudantil, é mantida pelos pais e acha o alto custo dos materiais um impedimento para a conclusão do curso. Recomenda-se que pesquisas sejam feitas para que o custo real dos materiais seja definido e, assim as políticas de assistência estudantil tenham um norte em que se basear para que possam ser eficientes (AU).

The aim of this study was to establish the socioeconomic profile of students enrolled in the Graduate Course in Dentistry, UFSC. A questionnaire was formulated and applied to 327 students, volunteers, enrolled in undergraduate degree in Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina. The socioeconomic profile of the academic UFSC was similar to that seen in other universities. There is a predominance of female students, unmarried, childless, of white and aged between 21 and 25 years. The vast majority does not participate in any assistance program student, is maintained by parents and think the high cost of materials an impediment to the completion of the course. It is recommended that research be done to the actual cost of materials is defined and thus policies have a North student assistance to be based in order to be efficient (AU).

Determinant factors of the anxiety and mechanisms of coping on general surgical procedures / Fatores determinantes da ansiedade e mecanismos de coping em procedimentos cirúrgicos gerais / Factores determinantes de la ansiedad y mecanismos de coping en los procedimientos quirúrgicos generales

Objetivos: identificar os fatores determinantes do aumento da ansiedade dos pacientes no período pré-operatório; determinar os mecanismos de coping mais utilizados pelos pacientes cirúrgicos. Método: estudo exploratório, descritivo, qualitativa que abrangeu 19 pacientes internados nas enfermarias de Clínica Cirúrgica de um Hospital Universitário do Município do Rio de Janeiro no período de novembro a dezembro de 2011. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevistas semiestruturadas e examinados através da análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Resultados: Percebeu-se que os fatores que aumentam a ansiedade dos pacientes cirúrgicos foram à ansiedade dos procedimentos cirúrgicos e preocupações com os familiares. As principais estratégias utilizadas pelos pacientes no pré-operatório para reduzir a ansiedade foram à fé e a esperança. Conclusão: Desta forma, foram identificados os principais sentimentos envolvidos sobre o procedimento cirúrgico, cabendo os profissionais de saúde intervir, promovendo uma melhora da assistência acerca do ambiente estressor vivenciado pelo paciente.

Objectives: identify the determinant factors of the increase of anxiety in patients in the preoperatory period; determine the mechanisms of coping most used by the surgical patients. Method: exploratory study, descriptive, qualitative involving 19 patients hospitalized in the Surgical Clinic of a University Hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro during the period of November-December 2011. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and were analyzed through Bardin’s content analysis. Results: The study demonstrates that the factors that increase the anxiety in surgical patients were the surgical procedures and the worry for their families. For the main strategies used by the patients during the preoperatory were faith and hope. Conclusion: Thus, we identified the main feelings about the surgical procedure involved, leaving health professionals intervene, and promoting improved care about the stressing environment experienced by the patient.

Objetivos: identificar los factores determinantes del aumento de la ansiedad en los pacientes en el período preoperatorio; determinar los mecanismos de coping más utilizados por estos pacientes. Método: Estudio exploratorio, descriptivo, cualitativo con 19 pacientes hospitalizados en la Clínica Quirúrgica de un hospital universitario en Río de Janeiro, en noviembre a diciembre de 2011. Los datos fueron recogidos de entrevistas semiestructuradas y tratados por el análisis de contenido de Bardin. Resultados: Comprendió que los factores que aumentan la ansiedad de pacientes quirúrgicos fueran la ansiedad de los procedimientos quirúrgicos y las preocupaciones con los familiares. Las principales estrategias utilizadas por los pacientes durante el preoperatorio para reducir la ansiedad fueron la fe y la esperanza. Conclusión: Hemos identificado los principales sentimientos envueltos sobre el procedimiento quirúrgico implicado, dejando intervenir los profesionales de la salud, la promoción de mejora de la atención sobre el factor estresante vivido por el paciente.

A utilização das ferramentas de marketing pelos cirurgiões-dentistas / The use of marketing tools by dentists

Introdução - O mercado de trabalho em Odontologia no Brasil está cada vez mais difícil. Para que os profissionais consigam aumentar sua atuação nesse mercado altamente competitivo torna-se necessário conhecimentos de administração, gerenciamento emarketing. Sendo assim, o estudo objetivou avaliar a utilização das ferramentas de marketing pelos cirurgiões-dentistas. Materiais e Métodos - A população de estudo foi composta por 138 cirurgiões-dentistas responsáveis-técnicos pelas clínicas odontológicascadastradas no CRO em Florianópolis – SC. Através do Cálculo de Amostra para Universos Finitos (para amostragem aleatória simples) e subtraindo-se as desistências foi definido o tamanho da amostra (n = 90).O método de aplicação dos questionários foi realizado através de entrevista pessoal/ contato direto, no qual o pesquisador aplicou o questionárioaos entrevistados-alvo. Os dados quantitativos foram tabulados e processados no software de pesquisa Sphinx – versão 5.0, e analisados no programa Excel. Resultados - Avaliou-secaracterísticas de localização para análise da ferramenta de marketing Praça: apenas 12,2% realizaram Pesquisa de Mercado previamente à escolha do local. Quanto à ferramentaPreço: somente 35,6% trabalham com cartão de crédito/débito. A ferramenta Promoção foi avaliada através da utilização de materiais de divulgação e 23,3% não utilizam. Com relação à opinião dos cirurgiões-dentistas sobre o que prevê o Código de Ética Odontológica para comunicação visual das clínicas, a maioria (42,2%) desconhece o próprio Código. Amaioria dos entrevistados associou marketing à divulgação e propaganda. Conclusões - Concluiu-se, portanto, que os cirurgiões-dentistas não estão utilizando as ferramentas de marketing de forma adequada e não possuem conhecimento sobre o assunto.

Introduction - The labor market in dentistry in Brazil is increasingly difficult. For professionals become able to increase its activities in this highly competitive market it is necessary knowledge about administration, management and marketing. Thus, the study aimed to evaluate the use of marketing tools by dentists. Material and Methods - The study population consisted of 138 dentists, technicians responsible for dental clinics registered with the CRO in Florianópolis - SC. Through the Sample Calculation for Finite Universes (for simple random sampling) and subtracting the dropouts was set the sample size (n = 90). The method of application of the questionnaires was conducted through personal interviews / direct contact, in which the researcher applied the questionnaire to the target respondents.Quantitative data were tabulated and processed in the Sphinx search software - version 5.0, and analyzed in Excel. Results - Characteristics of location were used for analyze the Place marketing tool: only 12.2% conducted Market Research prior to site selection. Price tool: only 35.6% work with credit / debit cards. Promotion tool was evaluated through the use ofpromotional materials and 23.3% do not use. With respect to the opinions of dentists on what the Code of Ethics provides for visual communication of dental clinics, the majority (42.2%)are unaware of the Code itself. Most respondents associated marketing with disclosure and advertising. Conclusions - We conclude, therefore, that the dentists are not using marketing tools properly and have no knowledge on the subject.

Perfil cirúrgico e fatores determinantes das suspensões de cirurgias gerais ambulatoriais: contribuições para assistência de enfermagem / Perfil quirúgico y factores determinantes de las suspensiónes de las cirugías generales ambulatoriales general: contribuciones a la asistencia de enfermería / Surgical profile and determining factors of the suspensions of the ambulatory general surgeries: contributions to the nursing assistance

Identificar o perfil dos usuários do ambulatório de cirurgia geral; determinar os procedimentos cirúrgicos gerais realizados; analisar os fatores determinantes de suspensão de cirurgias gerais. Método: abordagem quantitativa do tipo exploratório-descritivo retrospectivo. A pesquisa foi realizada na Unidade Cirurgia Ambulatorial de uma Policlínica situada no Município do Rio de Janeiro. Coleta de dados utilizou-se os registros dos atendimentos cirúrgicos a pacientes submetidos à cirurgia geral. Resultados: O número de pacientes adultos do sexo feminino foi de 136 (39,4%), enquanto os pacientes do sexo masculino foram de 209 (60,6%). Dentre os variados procedimentos cirúrgicos, os mais realizados foram: as herniorrafias, cistos sebáceos, tumorações e lipomas. Foram propostas 427 cirurgias, 345(81%) foram realizadas, enquanto 82(19%) foram suspensas. Conclusão: os motivos da suspensão com maior frequência foram: a falta do paciente e crise hipertensiva, visto que devem ser evitadas as suspensões cirúrgicas, por acarretar prejuízo para o paciente, profissionais de saúde e instituição hospitalar.

Identify the ambulatory user’s profile from the general surgery; to determine the the general surgical procedures realized; analyse the determinant factors to the surgery suspensions. Method: The research was held on the Ambulatory Surgery Unit from a Policlinic located on the county of Rio de Janeiro. The data collection came from the surgical records from the pacients undergone to general surgeries. Results: The number of female adult patients were of 136 (39,4%) meanwhile the male adult patients were of 209 (60,6%), identifying the prevale of the male gender. Among the various surgical procedures, the most common were the herniorrhaphy, sebaceous cysts, tumors and lipomas. 427 surgeries were proposed, 345 (81%) were realized, meanwhile 82 (19%) were suspended. Conclusion: The reason of the suspencions with the highest frequency were the absence of the patient and hypertensive crisis, since the suspensions must be avoided for causing injury to the patient, health professionals and the hospital institution.

Identificar el perfil de los usuarios del ambulatorio de cirugía general; determinar los procedimientos quirúrgicos generales realizados; analisar los factores determinantes de La suspensión de lãs cirugías generales. Método: Abordaje cuantitativa del tipo exploratorio – descriptivo y retrospectivo. La pesquisa ocurrió em la Unidade de Cirugía Ambulatorial de una Policlinica localizada en el Municipio del Río de Janeiro. La colecta de los dados fueron utilizados los registros de los atendimientos quirúrgicos de los pacientes sometidos à cirugía general. Resultados: El número de pacientes adultos del sexo masculino fueron de 209 (60,6%), identificando la prevalencia de personas del sexo masculino. Dentre los variados procedimientos quirúrgicos, los más realizados fueron las herniorrafías, quistes sebáceos, tumoraciones y lipomas. Fueron propuestas 427 cirugías, 345 (81%) fueron realizadas, mientras 82 (19%) fueron suspendidas. Conclusión: Los motivos de la suspensión con mayot frecuencia fueron la ausencia del paciente y crisis hipertensiva, ya que deben ser evitadas las suspensiones quirúrgicas por dar lugar a perjuicio para el paciente, los profesionales de la salud y la instituición hospitalar.

O cuidado de enfermagem associado à prescrição de enfermagem numa unidade de cirurgia cardíaca / El cuidado de enfermería asociado a la prescripción d de enfermería en una unidad de cirugía cardíaca / The nurse’s assistance associated to their prescription on a heart surgery unit

Identificar o cuidado de enfermagem associado à prescrição de enfermagem na unidade pós-operatória de cirurgia cardíaca. Métodos: O objeto de estudo foi abordado através do método qualitativo, a partir de uma pesquisa descritiva, tipo estudo de caso. Os dados foram coletados através da observação não participante. Na análise de dados aplicou-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo, que propiciou a criação da categoria assim denominada: O cuidado de enfermagem associado à prescrição de enfermagem numa unidade de cirurgia cardíaca. Resultados: Os resultados apontaram 76,9% dos enfermeiros não avalia a condição clínica das últimas horas do cliente, a assistência de enfermagem fica comprometida, além disso, 61,54% dos enfermeiros utilizando a evolução de enfermagem como parâmetro para prescrever, ainda temos 38,46% dos enfermeiros que não se utiliza desse instrumento. Conclusão: Espera-se que este estudo proporcione subsídios para o processo de açãoreflexão do cotidiano vivenciado pelos enfermeiros da cirurgia cardíaca.

Identificar el cuidado de enfermería asociado a su prescrición en la unidad pos operatoria de la cirugía cardíaca. Métodos: El objeto del estúdio tuvo una abordaje cualitativa, a partir de una pesquisa descriptiva, tipo estúdio de caso. Los dados fueron recogidos a través de la observación no participante. En la análise de los dados fue aplicado una técnica de análise del contenido, que propició la criación de la categoria: El cuidado en una unidad de cirugía cardíaca. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que el 76,9% de las enfermeras noevaluar el estado clínico de las últimas horas del cliente, atención de enfermería se compromete aún más 61,54% de las enfermeras con la evolución de la enfermería como un parámetropara prescribir, todavía tenemos 38,46 % de las enfermeras que no use este instrumento. Conclusão: Esperase que esto estúdio proporcione subsídios para el proceso de acción – reflexión del cotidiano vivenciado por los enfermeros de la cirugía cardíaca.

Objective: To identify the nurses’ assistance associated with the nurses prescription of the heart surgery pos operatory unit. Methods: The object of the study had a qualitative approach, from a descriptive research like case study. The data collection was made by non participant observation. The data analysis used the technique of content analysis, allowing the creation of the category: The nurse assistance associated to the prescription on the heart surgery unit. Results: The results showed 76.9% of nurses do not evaluate the clinical condition of the last hours of the client, nursing care is compromised further 61.54% of nurses using the evolution of nursing as a parameter toprescribe, we still have 38.46% of nurses that does not use this instrument. Conclusion: It is hoped that this study gives subsidys to the action-reflexion processo of the daily routine of the heart surgery nurses.

Percepção dos formandos do Centro de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina sobre o que é promoção da saúde / The perception of senior students from the Health Science Center at the Federal University of Santa Catarina regarding health promotion

Como resposta aos desafios sanitários contemporâneos, a Promoção da Saúde delineia-se num campo teórico-prático-político envolvendo ações e projetos em saúde, apresentando-se em todos os níveis de complexidade da gestão e atenção do sistema de saúde. Para tanto, deve incluir capacitação da comunidade para que a mesma, visando melhoria de qualidade de vida e saúde, possa atuar juntamente no controle desse processo. Dada a importância desse conhecimento, o presente trabalho propô-se identificar a percepção dos formandos do Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS) da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC) sobre o que é Promoção da Saúde. Metodologia: uma pesquisa de campo com caráter descritivo e qualitativo visando analisar a realidade a partir da observação de fenômenos e causas. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram compostos por formandos dos cursos do CCS da UFSC, sendo 3 representantes de cada curso, em função da saturação de respostas, totalizando 15. As informações pessoais foram submetidas a uma análise descritiva, bem como qualitativa através do processo de Análise-Reflexão-Síntese. Resultados: O perfil da amostra foi predominantemente feminino (60%), com aproximadamente 21 anos de idade. Quanto ao conhecimento sobre a Promoção da Saúde, observou-se dificuldade em conceituar seu significado, sendo que para a maioria da amostra não foi possível diferenciar prevenção de promoção da saúde, além da incapacidade de exemplificar como aplicar em sua prática profissional. Apesar da importância da Promoção da Saúde ter sido reconhecida e exaltada, pôde-se observar falta de conhecimento e entendimento sobre o tema (AU).

In response to the current health challenges, Health Promotion deals with a theoretical-practicalpolitical approach, involves actions and health projects, and underlies all levels of complexity of health system management and of healthcare service provision. It must prepare the community to be able to help in supervising the whole process to improve the quality of life and health. Given the importance of this knowledge, this paper intends to show how senior students from the Health Science Center at the Federal University of Santa Catarina (HSC-FUSC) perceive Health Promotion. Methodology: Field research in the form of a descriptive and qualitative survey, aiming at analyzing the real situation by observing different phenomena and their causes. The survey respondents consisted of senior undergraduate students from HSC-FUSC, specifically, 3 students from each course, resulting in 15 students. The personal information was submitted to a descriptive analysis, as well as to qualitative analysis using the process of Analysis-Reflection-Synthesis. Results: The profile of the surveyed respondents was predominantly female (60%), and the average age was 21 years old. In respect to the students' knowledge of Health Promotion, they demonstrated difficulty in grasping its meaning; most of the respondents could not distinguish health prevention from health promotion, and were also unable to exemplify how they would apply it in their professional practice. Although the importance of Health Promotion is indeed recognized and valued, a lack of understanding and knowledge of this subject prevailed (AU).