Ureterostomias cutânea e colônica em suínos: avaliação da exequibilidade das técnicas / Cutaneous ureterostomies in pigs: technical feasibility assessment

O aumento da expectativa de vida dos animais de companhia favorece a ocorrência de casos de câncer, como o de bexiga. O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi avaliar a exequibilidade da técnica de ureterostomia cutânea em suínos após a realização da cistectomia total, quando comparada à técnica de ureterostomia colônica, assim como detectar e caracterizar possíveis complicações transoperatórias. Foram utilizados 20 animais, distribuídos em dois grupos. Todos foram submetidos à cistectomia radical e, em seguida, à ureterostomia cutânea ou colônica. A exequibilidade das técnicas foi avaliada. Observou-se o tamanho da incisão, o tempo de diérese, de realização da derivação urinária e o tempo de síntese, estimou-se a perda sanguínea e o grau de dificuldade na realização dos procedimentos de preparo dos ureteres, o preparo do sítio de ureteroanastomose e a realização da ureteroanastomose em si. Os resultados indicam que a ureterostomia cutânea apresentou maior eficiência quando comparada à colônica nos quesitos perda de sangue, tamanho da incisão realizada e facilidade de realização da anastomose. Já a ureterocolostomia apresentou melhor resultado referente à execução do preparo ureteral. Assim, concluiu-se que ambas as técnicas podem ser indicadas como derivações urinárias viáveis e que a escolha dependerá de fatores intrínsecos ao cirurgião e ao paciente.(AU)

Increased life expectancy of pets favors the occurrence of cancer, such as the urinary bladder ones. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of cutaneous ureterostomy technique in pigs after the total cystectomy compared to the technique of colonic ureterostomy, as well as detect and characterize possible intraoperative complications. For that, 20 pigs were used, divided into two groups. All patients underwent radical cystectomy and then the cutaneous or colonic ureterostomies. The technical feasibility was assessed during the procedures. The procedures compared were: the incision size, dieresis time, realization of urinary diversion and the synthesis time. Also, the estimated blood loss and the degree of difficulty in performing the preparation procedures of the ureters, ureteroanastomose site preparation and ureteroanastomose itself were compared. The results indicate that performing cutaneous ureterostomy was better than the colonic ureterostomy in relation to blood loss, incision size, and anastomosis performance. In contrast, ureterocolonostomy showed better results on the implementation of ureteral preparation. Thus, it was concluded that both techniques can be indicated as viable urinary diversions and the choice will depend on factors intrinsic to the surgeon and the patient.(AU)

The scale epithelium as a novel, non-invasive tool for environmental assessment in fish: Testing exposure to linear alkylbenzene sulfonate.

Increasing pollution levels have turned our attention to assessing lethal and sublethal effects of toxic agents using the most informative techniques possible. We must seek non-invasive or non-lethal sampling methods that represent an attractive alternative to traditional techniques of environmental assessment in fish. Detergents are amongst the most common contaminants of water bodies, and LAS (Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate) is one of the most used anionic surfactant on the market. Our study analyzed morphological alterations (histological and histochemical) of the scale epithelium of Prochilodus lineatus under exposure to two concentrations of LAS, 3.6mg/L and 0.36mg/L, for a period of 30 days and evaluated at 14, 21 and 30 days. In order to establish morphological analysis of the scale epithelium as a new non-lethal environmental assessment tool that is reliable and comparable to classic methods, the relative sensibility of this technique was compared to a commonly used method of environmental assessment in fish, the estimation of the effects of pollutants upon branchial morphology. Two experiments were carried out, testing animals in tanks, and in individual aquariums. Results of analyses on gill tissue show that exposure to 3.6mg/L of surfactant caused severe damage, including hyperplasia, hypertrophy and fusion at 14 days, with aneurisms at 21 and 30 days; while exposure to 0.36mg/L had lighter effects on the organ, mainly lower incidence of fusion and hyperplasia. Aditionally, scale morphology was altered severely in response to 3.6mg/L of LAS, consistently showing increased mucous and club cell production. Epithelial thickness was the most variable parameter measured. Scale epithelium sensibility has the potential to be a reliable environmental marker for fish species since it has the advantage of being less invasive when compared to traditional methods. However, more studies are required to increase the robustness of the technique before it can be generally applied.