The development of Angiostrongylus vasorum (Baillet, 1866) in the freshwater snail Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck, 1822).

Angiostrongylus vasorum is a parasitic nematode that infects the heart and pulmonary artery and its branches of domestic and wild canids. The parasite can use several species of terrestrial and aquatic molluscs as intermediate hosts, although susceptibility varies. Pomacea canaliculata is a mollusc found in lakes, swamps and rivers in South America. In this study, we evaluated the susceptibility, parasite growth, oviposition and larval development of 282 P. canaliculata infected with 500 A. vasorum first-instar larvae (L1). From day 5 post-infection (pi) to day 30 pi, seven specimens per day were sacrificed to recover the larval instars. We compared 50 egg masses from infected and uninfected molluscs to determine the number of eggs per clutch, the hatching rate and the growth of the molluscs. The percentage of recovered larvae ranged from 39.17% to 67.5%. First-stage larvae (L1) were found until day 19 pi, second-stage larvae (L2) were found from days 11 to 25 pi, and third-stage larvae (L3) were recovered only after day 19 pi. Infected snails exhibited the most eggs during spawning, although the rate of hatching and shell size were lower in the infected snails compared with controls. This is the first report of an experimental infection of P. canaliculata with A. vasorum, and the results confirm the non-specificity of the nematode in relation to the intermediate host and indicate the importance of epidemiological surveys of this parasite and mollusc.

Ultrastructural changes in female hepatocytes during ovarian maturation of Steindachnerina insculpta (Pisces: Curimatidae)

During gonadal maturation the females of Steindachnerina insculpta, a teleost of the Furnas reservoir, Minas Gerais, Brazil, show low hepatosomatic and high gonadossomatic indexes, suggesting possible transference of hepatic substances to the ovaries. In comparison to the resting phase, in the maturation/mature one the hepatocytes show greater development of both smooth and rough endoplasmic reticula, increased electron density in the mitochondria, and glycogen scattered throughout the cytoplasm. In both resting and maturation/mature phases, the hepatic parenchyma contains melanomacrophagic centers that consist of degenerating cellular debris and are surrounded by capsules formed by cells, resembling fibroblasts, joined by desmosomes. No physiological relation of these centers with ovarian maturation was found.

Fêmeas de Steindachnerina insculpta, um teleósteo do reservatório de Furnas, Minas Gerais, Brasil, apresentaram, durante a maturação gonadal, um baixo índice hepatossomático e um alto índice gonadossomático, sugerindo que substâncias hepáticas são provavelmente transferidas para os ovários. Comparando-se fêmeas no estádio de repouso com aquelas no estádio maturação/maduro, observaram-se nos hepatócitos de fêmeas no estádio maturação/maduro maior desenvolvimento do retículo endoplasmático rugoso e liso, mitocôndrias com densidade eletrônica aumentada e glicogênio espalhado por todo citoplasma. No estádio de repouso, assim como no estádio de maturação/maduro, observaram-se, no parênquima hepático, centros melanomacrofágicos constituídos de restos celulares em degeneração delimitados por cápsula contendo células semelhantes a fibroblastos unidas por desmosomas. Não foram observadas relações fisiológicas entre os centros melanomacrofágicos e a maturação dos ovários.

Ultrastructural changes in female hepatocytes during ovarian maturation of Steindachnerina insculpta (Pisces: Curimatidae).

During gonadal maturation the females of Steindachnerina insculpta, a teleost of the Furnas reservoir, Minas Gerais, Brazil, show low hepatosomatic and high gonadossomatic indexes, suggesting possible transference of hepatic substances to the ovaries. In comparison to the resting phase, in the maturation/ mature one the hepatocytes show greater development of both smooth and rough endoplasmic reticula, increased electron density in the mitochondria, and glycogen scattered throughout the cytoplasm. In both resting and maturation/mature phases, the hepatic parenchyma contains melanomacrophagic centers that consist of degenerating cellular debris and are surrounded by capsules formed by cells, resembling fibroblasts, joined by desmosomes. No physiological relation of these centers with ovarian maturation was found.