Fate of non O157 Shigatoxigenic Escherichia coli in ovine manure composting / Eliminação de Escherichia coli Shigatoxigênica não O157 em compostagem de esterco ovino

Livestock manure may contain pathogenic microorganisms which pose a risk to the health of animal or humans if the manure is not adequately treated or disposed of. To determine the fate of Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) non O157 in composted manure from naturally colonized sheep, fresh manure was obtained from animals carrying bacterial cells with stx1/ stx2 genes. Two composting systems were used, aerated and non-aerated, and the experiments were done in Dracena city, São Paulo State. Every week, for seven weeks, one manure sample from six different points in both systems was collected and cultured to determine the presence of E. coli, the presence of the virulence genes in the cells, and also the susceptibility to 10 antimicrobial drugs. The temperature was verified at each sampling. STEC non-O157 survived for 49 days in both composting systems. E. coli non-STEC showing a high degree of antibiotic resistance was recovered all long the composting period. No relationship was established between the presence of virulence genes and antibiotic resistance. The presence of virulence genes and multiple antibiotic resistances in E. coli implicates a potential risk for these genes spread in the human food chain, which is a reason for concern...

Esterco de animais de criação pode conter microrganismos patogênicos, o que representa um risco para a saúde animal e a humana se o esterco não for adequadamente tratado ou descartado. Determinou-se o tempo necessário para a eliminação de Escherichia coli Shiga toxigenica (STEC) não O157 em esterco ovino composto, obtido de fezes frescas de ovelhas naturalmente colonizadas com cepas STEC não O157 que apresentavam os genes stx1/ stx2. Foram utilizados dois sistemas de compostagem, aerado e não aerado, em experimentos realizados na cidade de Dracena, estado de São Paulo. Todas as semanas, durante sete semanas, uma amostra de compostagem proveniente de seis pontos diferentes na leira, nos dois sistemas, foi coletada e semeada para a determinação da presença de E. coli, da presença de genes de virulência nas células, bem como da sensibilidade dessas células a 10 drogas antimicrobianas. Em cada amostragem, a temperatura da leira foi analisada. Células de STEC não O157 sobreviveram por 49 dias nos dois sistemas de compostagem. E. coli não STEC com um alto grau de resistência a antibióticos foi recuperada ao longo de todo o período de compostagem. Não foi possível estabelecer relação entre a presença de genes de virulência e a resistência a antibióticos. A presença de genes de virulência e a resistência a múltiplos antibióticos em E. coli representam um risco potencial para o espalhamento desses genes na cadeia alimentar humana, o que é motivo de grande preocupação...

Virulence genes in isolates of Escherichia coli from samples of milk and feces from dairy cattle.

The aim of this work was to determine if Escherichia coli isolates carrying the virulence genes eae and eltB and exhibiting the Ehly phenotype are present in feces and milk samples from healthy dairy cattle on farms. Isolates from calves showed a statistically higher prevalence of eae and eltB compared with isolates from older animals. The other factors tested (stx(1), stx(2), and Ehly) were not statistically different between the two groups. Two isolates originating from calf feces were identified as serotype O157:H7; one of these isolates carried stx(1) and eae, the other stx(2) and eae. E. coli isolated from milk contained stx(1), stx(2), and eltB. The results show that feces or milk from healthy dairy cattle may contain E. coli pathotypes that express virulence genes, indicating that these materials have zoonotic potential. The results also reinforce the idea that host age can influence the dynamics of virulence genes in E. coli from cattle.

Virulence factors of Escherichia coli isolated from diarrheic calves

One hundred seventy-three Escherichia coli strains isolated from calves from northwestern São Paulo State, having diarrhea were examined for the production of thermolabile (LT) and thermostable (ST) enterotoxins and for the presence of virulence factors associated with bovine colibacillosis. Eighty-five (49.1 percent) of the E.coli strains produced toxins; 53 isolates were detected as producing STa toxin, and 9 also produced LT toxin. By PCR, 23 isolates were shown to harbor only the LT-II gene. Nine (5.2 percent) isolates harbored Shiga toxin genes: four carried the stx2 gene, four the stx1 gene and one carried both. Three of the isolates showing stx1 also carried the eae gene. Among the E. coli isolates examined for susceptibility to 10 antimicrobial agents, resistance to cephalothin (46.1 percent), was most commonly observed, followed by resistances to tetracycline (45.7 percent), trimethoprim-sulfadiazine (43.3 percent) and ampicilin (41.0 percent). All isolates showed resistance to at least two antimicrobial agents; multidrug resistance was quite frequently encountered. Results showed that bovine E. coli produces some toxins and virulence factors, some of which may be involved in human disease. The isolates showed a high level of resistance to antimicrobial agents constituting a public health concern.

Cento e setenta e três cepas de Escherichia coli isoladas de bezerros com diarréia provenientes da região noroeste do estado de São Paulo foram examinadas para a produção de enterotoxinas termolábil (LT) e termoestável (ST), e examinadas quanto à presença de fatores de virulência associados a colibacilose bovina. Oitenta e cinco (49,1 por cento) das cepas de E. coli produziram toxinas, 53 cepas foram detectadas como produtoras de toxina STa, e nove dessas cepas também produziam toxina LT. Foram identificadas pela reação em cadeia de polimerase 23 cepas portadoras do gene LT-II. Nove (5,2 por cento) das cepas apresentavam os genes de toxina Shiga: quatro o gene stx 2, quatro o gene stx 1 e uma cepa apresentava os dois genes. Três das cepas que apresentavam o gene stx1 também possuiam o gene eae. Entre as cepas de E. coli examinadas quanto à susceptibilidade a 10 agentes antimicrobianos, a resistência à cefalotina (46,1 por cento) foi a mais comumente observada, seguida pelas resistências a tetraciclina (45,7 por cento), trimetropima-sulfadiazina (43,3 por cento) e ampicilina (41,0 por cento). Todas as cepas isoladas apresentaram resistência a pelo menos dois antimicrobianos, sendo a multirresistência detectada em elevada freqüência. Algumas toxinas e fatores de virulência, produzidos por essas cepas de E. coli podem estar envolvidos em doenças humanas. O alto nível de resistência a agentes antimicrobianos, apresentado pelas cepas isoladas, constitue motivo de preocupação em saúde pública.

Characterization of Escherichia coli isolated from carcasses of beef cattle during their processing at an abattoir in Brazil.

Beef carcass sponge samples collected between March 2003 and August 2005 at an abattoir in Brazil were surveyed for the presence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). Only one carcass among the 80 tested showed a STEC, stx2-encoding gene by PCR amplification. The frequency of carcass contamination by E. coli during processing was tested at three situations, respectively: preevisceration, postevisceration and postprocessing, during the rain and dry seasons. The prevalence of E. coli at the three points was of 30.0%, 70.0%, 27.5% in the rain season and of 22.5%, 55.0%, 17.5% during the dry season, respectively. The E. coli isolates exhibited a high level (45.0%) of multidrug resistance to two or more antimicrobial agents.