Effect of Blanching on Enzyme Activity and Bioactive Compounds of Blackberry

ABSTRACT The inactivation of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase and the degradation of phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, and antioxidant activity in blackberry were investigated during blanching in water at 80-90 °C, and in steam, from 0 to 10 minutes. The enzyme kinetics indicated the presence of two isoenzymes with different thermal stability, following two-phase model, in which the reaction rate constant increased with increasing temperature for both the heat labile and heat resistant component. The phenolic compounds also followed a biphasic pattern, indicating a more heat resistant fraction, and the rate constants increased with increasing temperature. For the antioxidant activity and anthocyanins, the first order kinetic model (R2>0.982) indicated an increase in degradation rate constants with temperature, from 0.050 to 0.137min-1 for DPPH, 0.085 to 0.285min-1 for ABTS, and 0.017 to 0.052 min-1 for anthocyanins.

Microencapsulation by spray-drying of bioactive compounds extracted from blackberry (rubus fruticosus).

Blackberry aqueous extract acidified with 2 % citric acid was spray-dried using gum Arabic (GA) and polydextrose (PD) as encapsulating agents at concentrations of 10 and 15 % and temperatures of 140 to 160 °C. All powders presented high solubility, ranging from 88.2 to 97.4 %, and the encapsulation conditions did not significantly affect the hygroscopicity. The powders produced with gum Arabic showed higher brightness than those with polydextrose. The anthocyanins retention in the microcapsules was 878.32 to 1300.83 mg/100 g, and the phenolics was 2106.56 to 2429.22 mg (GAE)/100 g. The antioxidant activity was quantified according to DDPH and ABTS methods, with values ​​ranging from 31.28 to 40.26 % and 27 to 45.15 %, respectively. The microscopy showed spherical particles for both encapsulating agents, and smooth surface with some concavities with the gum Arabic, and smooth or slightly rough surface when using polydextrose. The Pearson correlation coefficient showed a high correlation between the color parameters, L*, a*, b*, Hue, Chroma and browning index (BI), which were also strongly correlated with anthocyanins. Phenolic presented correlation with DPPH and ABTS values. The results showed that the best encapsulation condition was atomization at 140 °C and 15 % gum Arabic.

Síndrome coronariana aguda: risco em jovens / Acute coronary syndrome: risk in youth / Síndrome coronario agudo: riesgo en jóvenes

O objetivo do estudo foi verificar o risco para síndrome coronariana aguda, em pacientes adultos jovens internados em um hospital de cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul, entre setembro de 2010 e junho de 2012. Estudo transversal, com pacientes de 20 a 50 anos, ambos os sexos, com diagnóstico de síndrome coronariana aguda. Analisados fatores de risco cardiovasculares como: idade, história familiar positiva, tabagismo, índice de massa corpórea, atividade física, pressão arterial, glicemia, triglicerídeos, colesterol total e lipoproteína de alta densidade. Os resultados evidenciaram que dos 96 pacientes, 52(54,2%) eram do sexo masculino, idade média de 43±7,4 anos e 57(59,4%) com infarto agudo do miocárdio com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST. Os fatores de risco mais prevalentes foram: história familiar positiva 53(55,2%) e tabagismo 49(51%). A abordagem multidisciplinar deve ser instituída para modificação do estilo de vida, evitando ocorrência de novos eventos

This cross-sectional study to determine risk for acute coronary syndrome in young adults examined patients of both sexes aged 20-50 years admitted to a cardiology hospital in Rio Grande do Sul State between September 2010 and June 2012 with diagnoses of acute coronary syndrome. The cardiovascular risk factors analyzed were: age, family history, smoking, body mass index, physical activity, blood pressure, glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol and high density lipoproteins. The results comprised 96 patients, mean age 43±7.4 years, 52(54.2%) of them male, and 57(59.4%) with acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation. The most prevalent risk factors were positive family history 53(55.2%) and smoking 49(51%). A multidisciplinary approach should be introduced to modify lifestyle and prevent new events.

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el riesgo de síndrome coronario agudo, en pacientes adultos jóvenes internados en un hospital de cardiología de Rio Grande do Sul, entre septiembre de 2010 y junio de 2012. Estudio transversal realizado junto a pacientes de 20 a 50 años, de ambos sexos, con diagnóstico de síndrome coronario agudo. Se analizaron los factores de riesgo cardiovascular como: edad, historia familiar, tabaquismo, índice de masa corporal, actividad física, presión arterial, glucemia, triglicéridos, colesterol total y lipoproteína de alta densidad. Los resultados consistieron en 96 pacientes, 52(54,2%) hombres, promedio de edad 43±7,4 años y 57(59,4%) con infarto agudo de miocardio y supradesnivelación del segmento ST. Los factores de riesgo más frecuentes fueron: historia familiar 53(55,2%) y tabaquismo 49(51%). El enfoque multidisciplinario debe ser instituido para la modificación de estilo de vida evitando la aparición de nuevos eventos.

Qualidade de vida de idosos dos centros-dia do Regado e São Tomé – Portugal

Este estudo objetivou avaliar a qualidade de vida de idosos frequentadores dos centros-dia do Regado e São Tomé de Portugal, através da aplicação dos instrumentos Whoqol-Bref e Whoqol-Old numa abordagem quantitativa. A amostra foi constituída de 30 idosos. A média de idade foi de 78,23 anos. Os escores médios dos domínios Social, Funcionamento do Sensório e Autonomia foram os mais elevados. Estar na companhia de idosos em centros-dia parece ter influência positiva nas relações sociais. A perda sensorial não impacta negativamente, o que expressa avanços na inclusão e no acesso às tecnologias assistivas...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of life of elderly members from the Sao Tome and Regado Centers-Day from Portugal, by means of application of the Whoqol-Bref and Whoqol-Old in a quantitative approach. The average age was 78,23 years. The mean scores of Social Relationships domain, Sensory Abilities domain and Autonomy were the highest. The possibility of being in the company of elderly at the Centers-Day seems to have positive influence on social relations. The loss of sensory function does not impact negatively, which reflects advances in inclusion and access to assistive technologies...

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la calidad de vida de los ancianos de los Centros-Día de Regado y de Sán Tomé – Portugal, por la aplicación del Whoqol-Bref y Whoqol-Old con un enfoque cuantitativo. La muestra consistió de 30 ancianos. La edad promedia fue de 78,23 años. Las puntuaciones medias de los dominios Social, Funcionamiento del Sensorial y la Autonomía eran los más altos. Estar en la compañía de los ancianos en Centros-Día, parece tener influencia positiva sobre las relaciones sociales. La pérdida sensorial no afecta negativamente, lo que refleja los avances en la inclusión y el acceso a tecnologías de asistencia...