RESUMO
In this study, we assessed behavioral responses to social separation at 8 months of age and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of biogenic amines and metabolites at 8 and 18 months of age in 12 rhesus monkeys derived from either stressed or undisturbed pregnancies. Compared to controls from undisturbed pregnancies, prenatal stress-derived monkeys had higher concentrations of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid in CSF than controls. Norepinephrine and MHPG response to stress were both correlated between 8 and 18 months of age. There were few group differences in behavior during social separation; however, several behavioral differences between groups were found when monkeys were reunited with cage mates. Prenatally stressed monkeys spent more time clinging to their surrogates and exploring (including eating and drinking), while controls showed more locomotion and social play with their cage mates. Collectively, our findings suggest that chronic unpredictable psychological stress during pregnancy has long-lasting effects on noradrenergic and dopaminergic activity and behavior in the offspring of gestationally stressed primate mothers.
Assuntos
Aminas Biogênicas/metabolismo , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Complicações na Gravidez/psicologia , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal , Isolamento Social , Estresse Psicológico , Ácido 3,4-Di-Hidroxifenilacético/metabolismo , Envelhecimento/metabolismo , Animais , Comportamento Animal , Aminas Biogênicas/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Encéfalo/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Feminino , Ácido Homovanílico/metabolismo , Ácido Hidroxi-Indolacético/metabolismo , Macaca mulatta , Masculino , Metoxi-Hidroxifenilglicol/metabolismo , Ruído , Norepinefrina/metabolismo , GravidezRESUMO
Measures of the temperature of the fingertips of eighty-three 4-year-old children revealed an unexpected asymmetry in which the index finger of the left hand but the ring finger of the right hand were the coolest digits. In addition, a subset of 20 children who had the coolest right compared with the left ring finger were more fearful to unfamiliar events and also had a cooler right than left forehead at 21 months of age.
