Susceptibility of Tetranychus urticae to the Alkaloidal Extract of Zanthoxylum schreberi Bark: Phenotypic and Biochemical Insights for Biotechnological Exploitation.

Tetranychus urticae Koch, a phytophagous mite, is one of the most significant crop pests globally. The primary method employed for controlling T. urticae involves chemical means, utilizing synthesized products, posing the risk of developing resistance. The urgency for novel strategies integrated into pest management programs to combat this mite is becoming increasingly imperative. Botanical pesticides emerge as a promising tool to forestall arthropod resistance. Among these, extracts from Rutaceae plants, abundant in bioactive specialized metabolites, have demonstrated potential as insecticides and miticides. In this study, various concentrations of alkaloidal extracts sourced from the bark of Zanthoxylum schreberi J.F.Gmel. (Rutaceae) were evaluated against T. urticae adult females. Furthermore, the extract's combination with three distinct commercial acaricides (i.e., chlorfenapyr, cyflumetofen, and abamectin) was also assessed for this mite. Chemical characterization of the extract via LC-MS allowed for the annotation of various compounds related to ten benzylisoquinoline-derived alkaloids. The extract, both alone and in combination with commercial insecticides, yielded varying responses, inducing over 40% mortality at 2% w/w, demonstrating a 90% repellency rate at the same concentration, and exerting a moderate impact on fecundity. These treatments extended beyond phenotypic responses, delving into the biochemical effects on treated T. urticae females through an exploration of the impact on four enzymes, i.e., acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione S-transferase (GST), esterases (GE), and P450-like monooxygenases (PMO). Employing consensus docking studies and in vitro enzymatic evaluations, it was discovered that the Z. schreberi-derived extract and its constituents significantly affected two key enzymes, AChE and GST (IC50 < 6 µM), which were associated with the phenotypic observations of T. urticae females. The evaluation of alkaloid-rich botanicals showcases promising potential as a relevant biotechnological strategy in addressing mite-related concerns, offering a pathway toward innovative and sustainable pest management solutions.

Evolutionary genomics and biosynthetic potential of novel environmental Actinobacteria.

Actinobacteria embroil Gram-positive microbes with high guanine and cytosine contents in their DNA. They are the source of most antimicrobials of bacterial origin utilized in medicine today. Their genomes are among the richest in novel secondary metabolites with high biotechnological potential. Actinobacteria reveal complex patterns of evolution, responses, and adaptations to their environment, which are not yet well understood. We analyzed three novel plant isolates and explored their habitat adaptation, evolutionary patterns, and potential secondary metabolite production. The phylogenomically characterized isolates belonged to Actinoplanes sp. TFC3, Streptomyces sp. L06, and Embleya sp. NF3. Positively selected genes, relevant in strain evolution, encoded enzymes for stress resistance in all strains, including porphyrin, chlorophyll, and ubiquinone biosynthesis in Embleya sp. NF3. Streptomyces sp. L06 encoded for pantothenate and proteins for CoA biosynthesis with evidence of positive selection; furthermore, Actinoplanes sp. TFC3 encoded for a c-di-GMP synthetase, with adaptive mutations. Notably, the genomes harbored many genes involved in the biosynthesis of at least ten novel secondary metabolites, with many avenues for future new bioactive compound characterization-specifically, Streptomyces sp. L06 could make new ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides, while Embleya sp. NF3 could produce new non-ribosomal peptide synthetases and ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides. At the same time, TFC3 has particularly enriched in terpene and polyketide synthases. All the strains harbored conserved genes in response to diverse environmental stresses, plant growth promotion factors, and degradation of various carbohydrates, which supported their endophytic lifestyle and showed their capacity to colonize other niches. This study aims to provide a comprehensive estimation of the genomic features of novel Actinobacteria. It sets the groundwork for future research into experimental tests with new bioactive metabolites with potential application in medicine, biofertilizers, and plant biomass residue utilization, with potential application in medicine, as biofertilizers and in plant biomass residues utilization. KEY POINTS: • Potential of novel environmental bacteria for secondary metabolites production • Exploring the genomes of three novel endophytes isolated from a medicinal tree • Pan-genome analysis of Actinobacteria genera.

Novel approaches to minimize intraoperative bleeding during endoscopic submucosal dissection of a large rectal lateral spreading tumor extended to the dentate line with internal hemorrhoids.

Video 1Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) of large rectal lateral spreading tumors (LSTs) that extend to the dentate line with internal hemorrhoids is a challenging procedure because of the increased risk of bleeding from penetrating and hemorrhoidal vessels and the reduced visual field caused by the dilated venous packages and the narrow anal lumen.This video describes novel technical approaches to minimize the risk of intraoperative bleeding.The described approaches are indicated in large rectal LSTs that extend to the dentate line with large internal hemorrhoids. The described selective-vessel approach is also indicated in any vascularized superficial lesion amenable to endoscopic treatment.ESD was performed in the retroflex view using an Evis Exera II video processor, an H180 gastroscope, an ERBE ICC 200, and CO2 insufflation. As tools, IT-nano, needle knife, hook knife, hemostatic forceps, and a distal cap were used. The lifting solution was a mixture of normal saline, hyaluronic acid, epinephrine, and indigo carmine.A hemicircumferential superficial granular lateral spreading tumor was observed in the lower rectum. Indigo carmine dye spray facilitated the identification of the lesion's margin and demonstrated no ulcer, converging folds, or large nodules. After the submucosal (SM) injection, a shallow mucosal incision was made in the retroflex view using a conventional needle knife, followed by the circumferential incision at the proximal side using an IT-nano. The SM layer was dissected at a superficial level to avoid large SM vessels, thus preventing intraoperative bleeding and maintaining a clean surgical field. Small vessels were selectively coagulated mainly by using the small disc located at the back of the insulated tip as the SM later was superficially dissected. To facilitate precise coagulation, a stepwise dissection technique was used for larger vessels. After identification, the vessel was first exposed by dissecting the surrounding SM layer at the left and right sides using the long blade of IT-nano, with blunt dissection of the surrounding tissue at the vessels' posterior aspect using a Hook knife. Double-vessel sealing using a hemostatic forceps was performed both at the rectal and tumor sides. Lastly, the vessel was transected between sealed segments using the IT-nano, without major bleeding. The circumferential incision was completed at the left side and distally extended to the anal canal where large hemorrhoidal bundles were seen. A needle knife was used to complete the SM dissection and, here, the final cut. En bloc resection was successfully achieved without intraoperative bleeding.The en bloc resected specimen was 85 mm in size, and squamous epithelium of the anal canal was observed at the distal margin. Colonoscopy 5 months post-ESD revealed adequate healing, no stenosis and no hemorrhoids.Coagulation and hemostasia should be promptly carried out whenever inadvertent injury to large vessels and subsequent bleeding occurs during lateral exposure, posterior blunt dissection, double coagulation, and transection of vessels.Curative ESD can be achieved in large rectal LSTs that extend to the dentate line with large internal hemorrhoids. Strategies to minimize intraoperative bleeding during ESD should be considered and include the following:•An SM dissection from the proximal tumor margin in the retroflex view to circumvent contact with hemorrhoids.•A differential level of dissection to prevent inadvertent vessel injury-shallow first to avoid large SM vessels and deeper above the muscular layer closer to the dentate line to shut off blood supply by penetrating hemorrhoidal vessels.•Last but not least, a selective approach to vessels to reduce the risk of bleeding, with direct coagulation for small vessels and with lateral exposure, posterior blunt dissection, double-vessel sealing, and transection between sealed segments for larger vessels.

Perforación iatrogénica faringoesofágica tratada con prótesis esofágica totalmente cubierta: reporte de caso / Iatrogenic pharyngoesophageal perforations treated with fully covered self-expandable metal stents: Case report

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Botanicals Against Tetranychus urticae Koch Under Laboratory Conditions: A Survey of Alternatives for Controlling Pest Mites.

Tetranychus urticae Koch is a phytophagous mite capable of altering the physiological processes of plants, causing damages estimated at USD$ 4500 per hectare, corresponding to approximately 30% of the total cost of pesticides used in some important crops. Several tools are used in the management of this pest, with chemical control being the most frequently exploited. Nevertheless, the use of chemically synthesized acaricides brings a number of disadvantages, such as the development of resistance by the pest, hormolygosis, incompatibility with natural predators, phytotoxicity, environmental pollution, and risks to human health. In that sense, the continuous search for botanical pesticides arises as a complementary alternative in the control of T. urticae Koch. Although a lot of information is unknown about its mechanisms of action and composition, there are multiple experiments in lab conditions that have been performed to determine the toxic effects of botanicals on this mite. Among the most studied botanical families for this purpose are plants from the Lamiaceae, the Asteraceae, the Myrtaceae, and the Apiaceae taxons. These are particularly abundant and exhibit several results at different levels; therefore, many of them can be considered as promising elements to be included into integrated pest management for controlling T. urticae.

Hemoperitoneo secundario a diverticulitis del sigmoides / Hemoperitoneum secondary to sigmoid diverticulitis

RESUMEN La enfermedad diverticular colónica es la presencia de un divertículo no inflamado en el colon. Se considera una enfermedad común, que se caracteriza por la formación de divertículos falsos en la pared colónica en los puntos de debilidad de esta. Su prevalencia aumenta con la edad y una minoría de los pacientes afectados por esta entidad desarrollará un cuadro de diverticulitis aguda. Sus complicaciones abarcan desde un absceso o flegmón, pasa por la formación de fístulas hasta la obstrucción intestinal y peritonitis. Sin embargo, el desarrollo de un hemoperitoneo espontáneo secundario a una enfermedad diverticular aguda es una forma de presentación inusual y, por tanto, poco reportado en la literatura. Se presenta el caso de un paciente con hemoperitoneo secundario a la perforación diverticular colónica.

SUMMARY Colonic diverticular disease is the term to describe the presence of an uninflamed diverticulum of the colon. It is considered a common disease, characterized by the formation of false diverticula in the colonic wall at points of weakness of that, its prevalence increases with age and a minority of patients affected by this disease develops acute diverticulitis. Its complications range from abscess or phlegmon, fistula formation, to intestinal obstruction and peritonitis. However, the development of spontaneous hemoperitoneum secondary to acute diverticular disease is an unusual form of presentation and therefore scarcely reported in the literature. Here is presented a case with a hemoperitoneum secondary to colonic diverticular perforation.

Endometriosis en el ciego de una mujer posmenopáusica. Reporte del caso / Endometriosis of the cecum in a postmenopausal women: Case report and literature review / Endometriose no ceco de uma mulher pósmenopáusica. Reporte do caso e revisão da literatura

RESUMEN La endometriosis es una enfermedad benigna definida como la implantación y proliferación extrauterinas de tejido similar al endometrio (glandular y estroma), lo que causa una respuesta inflamatoria crónica y adherencias que distorsionan la anatomía. El compromiso extragonadal es raro, pero los informes de endometriosis intestinal han aumentado de forma sustancial; los sitios afectados principalmente son el colon sigmoides y el recto; el compromiso aislado del ciego es raro y lo es aún más en una mujer posmenopáusica sin uso de terapia de reemplazo hormonal. Presentamos el caso de una mujer posmenopáusica con una obstrucción intestinal sugestiva quirúrgicamente de neoplasia del ciego, pero cuyo examen patológico reveló endometriosis.

SUMMARY Endometriosis is a benign disease defined as the extra-uterine implantation and proliferation of tissue similar to endometrium (glands and stroma), causing a chronic inflammatory response and adhesions that distort anatomy. The extra-gonadal involvement is rare, but reports of intestinal endometriosis have increased substantially, mainly affecting the sigmoid colon and rectum; isolated involvement of the cecum is rare, even more so in a postmenopausal woman without use of hormone replacement therapy. We report the case of a postmenopausal woman with intestinal obstruction surgically suggestive of malignancy; however, pathological examination revealed endometriosis.

RESUMO Endometriose no ceco de uma mulher pósmenopáusica. Reporte do caso e revisão da literatura A endometriose é uma doença benigna definida como a implantação e proliferação extrauterinas de tecido similar ao endométrio (glandular e estroma), o que causa uma resposta inflamatória crónica e aderências que distorciam a anatomia. O compromisso extragonadal es raro, mas os relatórios de endometriose intestinal há aumentado de forma substancial; os lugares afetados principalmente são o colón sigmoides e o ânus; o compromisso isolado do ceco é raro e ainda mais numa mulher pós-menopáusica sem uso de terapia de substituição hormonal. Apresentamos o caso de uma mulher pós-menopáusica com uma obstrução intestinal sugestiva cirurgicamente de neoplasia do ciego, mas cujo exame patológico revelou endometriose.

Pancreatectomía distal laparoscópica con preservación del bazo para el tratamiento del tumor pseudopapilar del páncreas: informe de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy with spleen preservation for management of a pseudopapillary pancreatic tumor: Case report and review of the literature / Pancreatectomia distal laparoscópica com preservação do baço para o tratamento do tumor pseudopapilar do pâncreas: informe de um caso e revisão da literatura

RESUMEN El tumor sólido pseudopapilar es una neoplasia pancreática infrecuente, pero los informes sobre ella han aumentado en las últimas dos décadas; es más frecuente en mujeres jóvenes en la segunda y tercera décadas de la vida y tiene riesgo de transformación maligna. Su tratamiento es la resección pancreática. En la actualidad, la pancreatectomía laparoscópica es el procedimiento asociado a menos morbilidad posoperatoria en comparación con la pancreatectomía abierta; usualmente este procedimiento se acompaña de esplenectomía debido a las dificultades anatómicas en la disección de los vasos esplénicos, pero la resección del bazo tiene implicaciones en la fisiología inmunológica por lo que su preservación conlleva una disminución de la morbilidad. Se presenta el caso de una paciente joven con un tumor sólido pseudopapilar a quien se le hizo pancreatectomía distal por laparoscopia con preservación del bazo; el resultado fue exitoso.

SUMMARY Solid pseudopapillary tumor is an infrequent pancreatic neoplasia, but reports about it have increased in the last two decades. It is more frequent in women in the second and third decades of life. It has the potential of malignant transformation. Treatment is surgical resection. Presently, laparoscopic pancreatectomy is the procedure associated with lesser post-operatory morbidity, as compared to open pancreatectomy. The procedure is usually accompanied by splenectomy due to anatomical difficulties in the dissection of the splenic vessels. However, splenectomy has immunological implications, and preservation of the spleen associates with lower morbidity. We report the case of a young woman with a solid pseudopapillary pancreatic tumor treated by distal laparoscopic pancreatectomy with preservation of the spleen. Outcome was successful.

RESUMO O tumor sólido pseudopapilar é uma neoplasia pancreática infrequente, mas os informes sobre ela há aumentado nas últimas duas décadas; é mais frequente nas mulheres jovens na segunda e terceira décadas da vida e tem risco de transformação maligna. Seu tratamento é a ressecção pancreática. Na atualidade, a pancreatectomia laparoscópica é o procedimento associado a pelo menos morbidez pós-operatória em comparação com a pancreatectomia aberta; usualmente este procedimento se acompanha de esplenectomia devido às dificuldades anatómicas na dissecção dos vasos esplénicos, mas a ressecção do baço tem implicações na fisiologia imunológica porque sua preservação implica uma diminuição da morbidez. Se apresenta o caso de uma paciente jovem com um tumor sólido pseudopapilar a quem se fez pancreatectomia distal por laparoscopia com preservação do baço; o resultado teve sucesso.

Antagonistic analogs of growth hormone-releasing hormone increase the efficacy of treatment of triple negative breast cancer in nude mice with doxorubicin; A preclinical study.

INTRODUCTION: This study evaluated the effects of an antagonistic analog of growth hormone-releasing hormone, MIA-602, on tumor growth, response to doxorubicin, expression of drug resistance genes, and efflux pump function in human triple negative breast cancers. METHODS: HCC1806 (doxorubicin-sensitive) and MX-1 (doxorubicin-resistant), cell lines were xenografted into nude mice and treated with MIA-602, doxorubicin, or their combination. Tumors were evaluated for changes in volume and the expression of the drug resistance genes MDR1 and NANOG. In-vitro cell culture assays were used to analyze the effect of MIA-602 on efflux pump function. RESULTS: Therapy with MIA-602 significantly reduced tumor growth and enhanced the efficacy of doxorubicin in both cell lines. Control HCC1806 tumors grew by 435%, while the volume of tumors treated with MIA-602 enlarged by 172.2% and with doxorubicin by 201.6%. Treatment with the combination of MIA-602 and doxorubicin resulted in an increase in volume of only 76.2%. Control MX-1 tumors grew by 907%, while tumors treated with MIA-602 enlarged by 434.8% and with doxorubicin by 815%. The combination of MIA-602 and doxorubicin reduced the increase in tumor volume to 256%. Treatment with MIA-602 lowered the level of growth hormone-releasing hormone and growth hormone-releasing hormone receptors and significantly reduced the expression of multidrug resistance (MDR1) gene and the drug resistance regulator NANOG. MIA-602 also suppressed efflux pump function in both cell lines. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that treatment of triple negative breast cancers with growth hormone-releasing hormone antagonists reduces tumor growth and potentiates the effects of cytotoxic therapy by nullifying drug resistance.

Antagonists of growth hormone-releasing hormone suppress in vivo tumor growth and gene expression in triple negative breast cancers.

This study evaluated the effects of a modern antagonistic analog of GHRH on tumor growth and on expression of inflammatory cytokine genes in two models of human triple negative breast cancers (TNBC). The TNBC subtype is refractory to the treatment options available for other hormone-independent breast cancers. Inflammatory cytokines play a major role in the cellular signaling associated with breast cancer pathogenesis and enhance epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMT), drug resistance, and metastatic potential. Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) is a hypothalamic neuropeptide which regulates the synthesis and release of growth hormone by the pituitary and is an autocrine/paracrine growth factor for multiple human cancers. The effects of analogs of GHRH on tumoral cytokine expression have not been previously investigated. Animals bearing xenografts of the human TNBC cell lines, HCC1806 and MX-1, were treated with MIA-602, an antagonistic analog of GHRH. Treatment with MIA-602 significantly reduced tumor growth. We quantified transcript levels of the genes for several inflammatory cytokines. Expression of INFγ, IL-1α, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNFα, was significantly reduced by treatment with MIA-602. We conclude that treatment of TNBC with GHRH antagonists reduces tumor growth through an action mediated by tumoral GHRH receptors and produces a suppression of inflammatory cytokine signaling. Silencing of GHRH receptors in vitro with siRNA inhibited the expression of GHRH-R genes and inflammatory cytokine genes in HCC1806 and MX-1 cells. Further studies on GHRH antagonists may facilitate the development of new strategies for the treatment of resistant cancers.

Implantes de lentes intraoculares en niños con cataratas bilaterales / Intraocular lens implants in bilateral cataracts in children

Determinar los resultados del uso de lentes intraoculares bilaterales en niños. Se incluyeron 20 niños entre 7 meses y 11 años con cataratas congénitas o del desarrollo. Los pacientes se dividieron según la edad. A los pacientes del grupo A y B se les practicó facoaspiración de catarata, más capsulorexis posterior, virectomía anterior y colocación de un LIO, en el grupo C no se practicó capsulorexis posterior ni vitrectomía. Sin complicaciones intraoperatorias. En el grupo A la incidencia de complicaciones postoperatorias fue mayor. Hubo una diferencia significativa entre la refracción esperada y la resultante al tercer mes en los grupos A y B. La mejoría de la AV fue significativa en todos los grupos, así como la mejoría del nistagmo. Aunque la AV visual y el nistagmo mejoraron, la mayor incidencia de complicaciones en el grupo A determina precaución en la indicación de LIO en menores de dos años

Efecto de la incisiones corneales laterales sobre los cambios astigmáticos inducidos por facoemulsificación / Effect of lateral corneal incisions on astigmatic changes induced by phacoemulsification

Evaluar estabilidad astigmática posterior a facoemulsificación con incisión pequeña, analizar las variaciones queratométricas, y los cambios en el tamaño de la incisión con implantes de lente intraocular. 30 ojos con diagnóstico de catarata se les realizó: examen oftalmológico, agudeza visual, queratometría y refracción; preoperatoria, 24 horas, 7 y 30 días posoperatorio. Tamaño final de incisión: 56,6 por ciento con 3,5 mm, 26,6 por ciento con 3,6 mm, 13,3 por ciento con 3,7 mm y 3,3 por ciento con 3,4 mm. Tamaño final de incisión y astigmatismo inducido a 30 días r= 0,73. Media preoperatoria del astigmatismo: 0,54 Dñ 0,63 (DS) a 30 días 0,23 ñ 0,34 (DS) P< 0,0001. Agudeza visual preoperatoria 0,2 ñ 0,07 (DS) (20/100 pies) al mes 1,00 ñ 0,94 (DS) (20/20 pies P<0,0001). La cirugía de catarata con incisión de 3,5 mm, con lente intraocular de 5 mm induce astigmatismo quirúrgico al mes de 0,23 D ñ 0,34 DS -(43,3 por ciento "CTRL" y 10 por ciento "CLR"). El tamaño final de la incisión es directamente proporcional al cambio astigmático y a la recuperación y estabilidad de la agudeza visual

Eficacia y seguridad del Latanoprost: en pacientes con glaucoma abierto e hipertensión ocular / Efficacy and security of the Latanoprost in patients with open glaucoma e ocular hypertension

Determinar el tiempo mínimo necesario del Latanoprost al 0.005 por ciento para controlar la presión intraocular, el porcentaje de reducción de la misma y los efectos colaterales a corto plazo. Un total de 35 pacientes con glaucoma de ángulo abierto e hipertensos oculares; participaron en un estudio prospectivo, longitudinal realizado en el Hospital Universitario de Maracaibo. Los pacientes recibieron Latanoprost al 0.005 por ciento (Xalatan R) una vez al día, a las 8:00 pm, siendo medida la presión intraocular al 1,3,30,60 y 90 días luego de su administración. En 65 ojos de 35 pacientes, la presión inicial promedio fue de 21.0ñ7.7 (11-52) para el ojo derecho y el izquierdo 21,8 ñ 7.2 (13-50). El Latanoprost reduce la presión intraocular a las primeras 24 horas 3.58 mmHg ñ6.81, al primer mes 4.70 mmHg ñ7.23; segundo mes 4.26 mmHg ñ7.06 y 7.76 mmHg + 7.36 al tercer mes. El porcentaje de reducción de la presión al primer mes fue de un 20 por ciento en un 57.2 por ciento de la población estudiada, mayor del 20 por ciento en un 39.6 por ciento de los pacientes, de este un 12.6 por ciento es mayor al 40 por ciento la reducción. Al tercer mes la reducción es mayor 20 por ciento en el 45.0 por ciento, correspondiendo el 19.6 por ciento a mayor del 40 por ciento y menor al 20 por ciento de reducción en un 54.9 por ciento. Siendo significativa la reducción de la presión intraocular (p<0.005, con efectos colaterales a corto plazo mínimo. El resultado del estudio demostró que el Latanoprost al 0.005 por ciento, utilizado una sóla vez al día produce una significativa reducción de la presión intraocular desde las primeras 24 horas de su administración, brindando seguridad y eficacia en el tratamiento de glaucoma de ángulo abierto e hipertensos oculares. Este es un estudio preliminar que se realizará durante un año para evaluar y comparar los resultados con otros ya publicados del control a largo plazo y evaluar efectividad y efectos colaterales