Traumatic Brain Injury Cases' Mortality Predictors, Association, and Outcomes in the Emergency Department at a Tertiary Healthcare Center in Saudi Arabia.

Aim Incidence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in Saudi Arabia has been estimated to be 116 per 1,00,000 population as incidence of TBI continues to rise in our region. We aim to study the demographics, mortality predictors, and factors influencing the outcome of TBI cases in a tertiary care center in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods We retrospectively collected data from all consecutive patients treated at the Emergency Department of King Abdulaziz Medical City including all acute TBI adult cases (>18 years) from 2016 to 2019. Logistic regression models were used to identify significant predictors of mortality. A total of 423 individuals with TBI were enrolled in the study. Nearly, half of them were in age group of 18 to 29 (40.77). Most patients were males (76.83%). Results Injuries were most commonly mild-to-moderate TBI (73.83%). Road traffic accident was the most common mechanism of injury (49.7%) followed by fall (39.5%). Most common mode of transportation was private cars (47.57%). Most patient required less than or equal to24hours of admission (61.23%). A total of 30 (7%) died in the hospital all of which were male with no death cases reported among females. Conclusion In conclusion, this study reports a mortality rate related to TBI that is among the lowest in the region. Injuries were male predominant with more balanced male to female ratio. Patients who were delivered to the hospital via private cars had an improved survival. These finding should be interpreted in the context of retrospective noncontrolled study design, and further future studies are encouraged to consolidate these findings.

Physical activity level and its barriers among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending primary healthcare centers in Saudi Arabia.

INTRODUCTION: Physical activity (PA) plays an important role in diabetes management. This study aimed to evaluate the level of PA and the barriers toward practicing regular PA among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) attending primary healthcare centers (PHCs) in Jeddah during 2018. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 250 patients were interviewed face-to-face in three PHCs. Two questionnaires were used in this study. The first questionnaire measured the level of PA of the participants. The second questionnaire aimed to identify barriers to PA. For analysis, simple descriptive statistics, Chi-square, T-test, and analysis of variance were used. RESULTS: The prevalence of physical inactivity was found to be 38.4%. Males and females composed 40% and 37.4% of the participants, respectively. Lack of social support, lack of energy, fear of injury, and lack of skills were identified as significant barriers to PA according to the level of PA. CONCLUSION: Our findings may provide baseline data for future research on this topic and information for healthcare professionals to improve their efforts in promoting the overall health of patients with T2DM.