RESUMO
La pandemia generada por COVID-19 obligó a los gobiernos de todos los países entrar en cuarentena, modificando la convivencia diaria entre los miembros de la familia. Objetivo. Evaluar la Ansiedad manifiesta y la Calidad de vida en escolares con TDAH durante el confinamiento por la pandemia del COVID-19.Método. Estudio transversal comparativo, observacional, no experimental de 105 escolares con TDAH y 80 formado por el Grupo Control evaluados con la Escala de Ansiedad manifiesta en niños Revisada (CMAS-R). Y la calidad de vida con el cuestionario (AUQUEI).Los escolares fueron diagnosticados con TDAH en el Laboratorio de Neurociencias del Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, y tratados con terapia Cognitivo Conductual (TCC)para control de sus síntomas conductuales, antes de la Pandemia y fueron invitados a través del consentimiento informado de sus padres a participar en esta investigación. Resultados. El cuestionario CMAS-R mostró diferencias significativas en sus cinco dimensiones entre los grupos con diferente subtipo de TDAH y el grupo control. Y el cuestionario AUQUEI mostró diferencias en 4 de sus 5 dimensiones entre escolares con y grupo control 3 de 5 factores entre los subtipos combinado e hiperactivo impulsivo y grupo control y entre el subtipo combinado y el hiperactivo Impulsivo. Hubo correlaciones entre: Ocio, Ansiedad Fisiológica, Calidad de vida total e Inquietud/Hipersensibilidad; así como entre Separación, Rendimientos y Ansiedad total en el subtipo TDAH-Combinado y Grupo Control. Conclusiones. Se observó aumento en los indicadores de ansiedad y disminución en su calidad de vida, en los escolares con TDAH. (AU)
The pandemic generated by COVID-19 forced the governments of all countries to enter into quarantine,modifying the daily coexistence among family members. Objective: To evaluate manifest anxiety and quality oflife in school children with ADHD during confinement due tothe COVID-19 pandemic. Methods. Comparative, observational, non-experimental cross-sectional study of 105 schoolchildren with ADHD and80 in the Control Group evaluated with the Manifest Anxiety in Children Scale-Revised (CMAS-R). And the quality oflife with the questionnaire (AUQUEI).The school children were diagnosed with ADHD in the Neurosciences Laboratory of the National Rehabilitation Institute, and treated with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)to control their behavioral symptoms, before the Pandemicand were invited through the informed consent of their parents to participate in this research. Results. The CMAS-R questionnaire showed significant differences in its five dimensions between the groups withdifferent ADHD subtypes and the control group. And the AUQUEI questionnaire showed differences in 4 of its 5 dimensions between school children with and control group 3of 5 factors between the combined and hyperactive impulsive subtypes and control group and between the combined subtype and the hyperactive impulsive subtype. There were correlations between: Leisure, Physiological Anxiety, Total Quality of Life and Restlessness/Hypersensitivity; as well as between Separation, Achievement and TotalAnxiety in the ADHD-Combined subtype and Control Group. Conclusions. An increase in anxiety indicators and a decrease in their quality of life were observed in schoolchildren with ADHD. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/psicologia , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/terapia , Escala de Ansiedade Manifesta , Qualidade de Vida , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Pandemias , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Objective To compare frequency of sleep disorders (SD) and executive dysfunction (ED) in children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and a control group. Method We studied 156 children with ADHD with a mean age of 8.5 years, and a control group with 111 children with a mean age of 8.3 years. We utilized the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) to screen SD and the working memory measurement from the Wechsler intelligence scale for children (WISC-IV) to screen ED. Results We did not observe an increased frequency of SD in children with ADHD compared with the controls. However, we did identify ED in children with ADHD; additionally a significant correlation was observed between the type of ADHD and SD and among ED, WISC-IV measurements, and type of SD in children with ADHD. Conclusion An increase of SD frequency in children with ADHD was not observed, but we did identify ED in children with ADHD. Additionally, a correlation among ADHD types, SD, ED, and WISC-IV measurements was observed in children with ADHD. .
Objetivo Comparar la frecuencia de trastornos del sueño (TS) y disfunción ejecutiva (DE) en niños con trastorno por déficit de atención-hiperactividad (TDA-H) y un grupo control. Método Estudiamos 156 niños con TDA-H con una media de 8,5 años. El grupo control incluyó 111 niños con una media de 8,3 años. Utilizamos la versión traducida del Cuestionario pediátrico del sueño (CPS) para tamizar TS. Para estudiar la DE, usamos la medición de la memoria de trabajo de la escala de inteligencia de Wechsler para niños-IV (WISC-IV). Resultados No encontramos una mayor frecuencia de TS en niños con TDA-H. Sin embargo, encontramos DE y correlaciones entre los diferentes tipos de TDA-H, y entre los TS, DE y de mediciones del WISC-IV. Conclusión No hallamos un incremento en la frecuencia de TS en niños con TDA-H. Encontramos evidencia de DE y correlaciones entre el tipo de TDA-H, TS, DE y medidas del WISC-IV. .
Assuntos
Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/fisiopatologia , Função Executiva/fisiologia , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/fisiopatologia , Análise de Variância , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Memória de Curto Prazo , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Valores de Referência , Inquéritos e Questionários , Escalas de WechslerRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is an alteration that begins early in infancy and whose cardinal symptoms are inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. There are few studies for specific tests to measure Quality of Life (QoL) in children with ADHD. METHODS: We evaluated QoL of 120 children from 7-12 years of age with ADHD and of a group of 98 healthy control children. To measure QoL, we utilized the Questionnaire of Quality of Life for Children in Pictures (AutoQuestionnaire Qualité de Vie Enfant Imagé, AUQUEI). We evaluated anxiety in children by the Children´s Manifest Anxiety Scale-Revisited (CMAS-R). We compared results among groups and employed the calculation of correlation between the AUQUEI questionnaire and the CMAS-R scale. RESULTS: The total average of the AUQUEI questionnaire in children with ADHD was 45.2, while in the control group it was 54.3 (p<0.05). We also observed significant differences between the control group and groups of children with ADHD in the CMAS-R scale. We found significant correlations between AUQUEI questionnaire and CMAS-R scale. CONCLUSION: The main result was to the disclosure that low QoL scores in ADHD children was anxiety-related.
OBJETIVO: El trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH) es una alteración que comienza en la infancia y cuyos síntomas principales son la inatención, hiperactividad y la impulsividad. Hay pocos estudios que midan la Calidad de Vida (CV) en niños con TDAH. MÉTODOS: Evaluamos la CV de 120 niños de 7-12 años de edad con TDAH y la de un grupo control de 98 niños. Para medir la CV, utilizamos el Cuestionario en figuras de la CV de niños (AutoQuestionnaire Qualité de Vie-Enfant-Imagé, AUQUEI). Evaluamos la ansiedad por medio de la Escala de Ansiedad Manifiesta en Niños - Revisada (Children´s Manifest Anxiety Scale-Revisited, CMAS-R). Comparamos los resultados entre grupos y medimos la correlación entre AUQUEI y CMAS-R. El promedio total del AUQUEI en niños con TDAH fue 45,2, mientras que en el grupo control fue 54,3 (p<0.05). También observamos diferencias significativas entre el grupo control y los grupos de niños con TDAH en CMAS-R. Encontramos correlaciones significativas entre AUQUEI y CMAS-R. CONCLUSIONES: Las calificaciones bajas de CV en niños con TDAH se relacionan a mayores niveles de ansiedad.
Assuntos
Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Transtornos de Ansiedade/psicologia , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/psicologia , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To perform a complete Intelligence quotient (IQ) measurement (verbal, performance, and total) and subsequently, to compare executive function (EF) measurements in subgroups of children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with a control group. METHOD: We studied a group of children from 7-12 years of age from public elementary schools. Children were selected by means of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV-Revised (DSM-IV-R) parent and teacher questionnaires for ADHD. EFs were screened by Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R) performance intelligence quotient (IQ) determination of the following sub-tests: picture completion; block designs, and object assembly tests. Simultaneously, total (T-), performance (P-), and verbal (V-) IQs were measured for each patient. RESULTS: We studied 26 control subjects, and 35 children with ADHD. Numbers of children in each ADHD sub-type group were as follows: 15 in the combined group (-C), 13 in the inattentive group (-I), and 7 in hyperactivity group (-H). We found significant lower EF scores in picture arrangement (F=3.76, df 3,57, p=0.01), block design (F=4.55, df 3,57, p<0.01), and object assembly (F=4.52, df 3,57, p<0.01). Post-hoc analysis showed that differences were located among ADHD-C, ADHD-I, and ADHD-H groups when compared with controls. We found significantly lower cognitive scores in the ADHD-I group as follows: P-IQ (F=3.57, df 3,57, p=0.02), and T-IQ (F=2.90, df 3,57, p=0.04). CONCLUSION: Our results showed that screening of EF alteration in children with ADHD is easy and rapid by means of certain P-IQ determination sub-scales of the WISC test; moreover, complementary IQ determination can be measured simultaneously. Overall, children with ADHD exhibited an EF alteration. ADHD-I children demonstrated lower P-IQ, and T-IQ scores than control children.
Assuntos
Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/psicologia , Transtornos Cognitivos/diagnóstico , Função Executiva/fisiologia , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/diagnóstico , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Transtornos Cognitivos/etiologia , Transtornos Cognitivos/psicologia , Estudos Transversais , Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais , Feminino , Humanos , Testes de Inteligência , MasculinoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To perform a complete Intelligence quotient (IQ) measurement (verbal, performance, and total) and subsequently, to compare executive function (EF) measurements in subgroups of children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with a control group. METHOD: We studied a group of children from 7-12 years of age from public elementary schools. Children were selected by means of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV-Revised (DSM-IV-R) parent and teacher questionnaires for ADHD. EFs were screened by Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R) performance intelligence quotient (IQ) determination of the following sub-tests: picture completion; block designs, and object assembly tests. Simultaneously, total (T-), performance (P-), and verbal (V-) IQs were measured for each patient. RESULTS: We studied 26 control subjects, and 35 children with ADHD. Numbers of children in each ADHD sub-type group were as follows: 15 in the combined group (-C), 13 in the inattentive group (-I), and 7 in hyperactivity group (-H). We found significant lower EF scores in picture arrangement (F=3.76, df 3,57, p=0.01), block design (F=4.55, df 3,57, p<0.01), and object assembly (F=4.52, df 3,57, p<0.01). Post-hoc analysis showed that differences were located among ADHD-C, ADHD-I, and ADHD-H groups when compared with controls. We found significantly lower cognitive scores in the ADHD-I group as follows: P-IQ (F=3.57, df 3,57, p=0.02), and T-IQ (F=2.90, df 3,57, p=0.04). CONCLUSION: Our results showed that screening of EF alteration in children with ADHD is easy and rapid by means of certain P-IQ determination sub-scales of the WISC test; moreover, complementary IQ determination can be measured simultaneously. Overall, children with ADHD exhibited an EF alteration. ADHD-I children demonstrated lower P-IQ, and T-IQ scores than control children.
OBJETIVO: Realizar una medición global de cociente intelectual (CI) (verbal, ejecutivo y total) y comparar las funciones ejecutivas (FE) en los subgrupos de niños con trastorno por déficit de atención-hiperactividad (TDAH) con un grupo control. MÉTODO: Se estudiaron niños de 7-12 años, provenientes de escuelas oficiales primarias. Se les aplicó el cuestionario de criterios diagnósticos de TDAH del DSM-IV-R para padres y maestros. Las FE se tamizaron mediante las sub-escalas de: ordenación de dibujos, diseño con cubos y composición de objetos del WISC-R. En forma paralela se midieron los CI Verbal (-V), Ejecutivo (-E), Total (-T) de cada paciente. RESULTADOS: Se estudiaron 26 niños control y 35 con TDAH. La distribución de niños con TDAH en los diferentes subtipos clínicos fue la siguiente: 15 niños con TDAH combinado (-C), 13 con inatención (-I) y 7 con hiperactividad-impulsividad (-H). Se encontraron calificaciones menores en las sub-escalas de: ordenación de dibujos (F=3,76, gl 3,57, p=0,01), diseño con cubos (F=4,55, gl 3,57, p<0,01) y en la composición de objetos (F=4,52, gl 3,57, p<0,01). El análisis post-hoc mostró que las diferencias se produjeron entre los grupos de TDAH-I, TDAH-H y TDAH-C en relación al de control. Encontramos calificaciones menores en el CI del grupo de TDAH-I en la siguiente forma: CI-E (F=3,57, gl 3,57, p=0,02) y CI-T (F=2,90, gl 3,57 p=0,04). CONCLUSIÓN: Nuestros resultados muestran que las alteraciones de las FE pueden ser fácilmente tamizadas por WISC-R, además de medir simultáneamente el CI. Se encontró que los niños con TDAH de los 3 tipos muestran una disfunción de las FE. También se encontró que los niños con TDAH-I muestran menores puntajes del CI-E y CI-T que los controles.