Utilization of Sustainable Ingredients (Cañihua Flour, Whey, and Potato Starch) in Gluten-Free Cookie Development: Analysis of Technological and Sensorial Attributes.

In recent years, the consumption of gluten-free products has increased due to the increasing prevalence of celiac disease and the increased preference for gluten-free diets. This study aimed to make cookies using a mixture of cañihua flour, whey, and potato starch. The use of a Box-Behnken design allowed for flexible ingredient proportions and physicochemical properties, centesimal composition, color, texture, and sensory attributes to be evaluated through consumer tests (Sorting and acceptability). The results highlighted significant variations in physicochemical data, composition, color, and texture across formulations. The blend with 38.51% cañihua flour, 10.91% sweet whey, 25.69% potato starch, 8.34% margarine, 11.10% sugar, 0.19% sodium chloride, 0.51% baking powder, 0.51% vanilla essence, and 4.24% egg exhibited superior sensory appeal. This formulation boasted excellent texture, aroma, flavor, color, and appearance, indicating high sensory and physicochemical quality. The use of cañihua flour, sweet whey, and potato starch not only provides a gluten-free option but also delivers a nutritious and sensorily pleasing choice for those with dietary restrictions. Future research could explore the commercial viability of producing these cookies on a larger scale, as well as investigating the potential health benefits of these ingredients.

Structural, Thermal, Rheological, and Morphological Characterization of the Starches of Sweet and Bitter Native Potatoes Grown in the Andean Region.

This study aimed to extract and characterize the morphological, physicochemical, thermal, and rheological properties of the starches of native potatoes grown in the department of Puno. Among the varieties evaluated were sweet native potato varieties Imilla Negra (Solanum tuberosum spp. Andígena), Imilla Blanca (Solanum tuberosum spp. Andígena), Peruanita, Albina or Lomo (Solanum chaucha), and Sutamari, and the bitter potatoes Rucki or Luki (Solanum juzepczukii Buk), Locka (Solanum curtilobum), Piñaza (Solanum curtilobum), and Ocucuri (Sola-num curtilobum), acquired from the National Institute of Agrarian Innovation (INIA-Puno). The proximal composition, amylose content, and morphological, thermal, and rheological properties that SEM, DSC, and a rheometer determined, respectively, were evaluated, and the data obtained were statistically analyzed using a completely randomized design and then a comparison of means using Tukey's LSD test. The results show a significant difference in the proximal composition (p ≤ 0.05) concerning moisture content, proteins, fat, ash, and carbohydrates. Thus, the amylose content was also determined, ranging from 23.60 ± 0.10 to 30.33 ± 0.15%. The size morphology of the granules is 13.09-47.73 µm; for the thermal and rheological properties of the different varieties of potato starch, it is shown that the gelatinization temperature is in a range of 57 to 62 °C and, for enthalpy, between 3 and 5 J/g.

[Abdominal manipulation and other cultural risk factors associated with complication of acute appendicitis in pediatric patients]. / Manipulación abdominal y otros factores de riesgo culturales asociados a complicación de apendicitis aguda en pacientes pediátricos.

In children, acute appendicitis (AA) is usually mistaken for empacho, which, according to popular belief, is caused by the ingestion of undercooked or cold food causing gastrointestinal symptoms. The empirical treatment is abdominal manipulation, consisting of massages with different maneuvers on the abdominal wall, accompanied by home remedies. The effect of these therapies in the presence of AA is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between abdominal manipulation and complicated AA in pediatric patients. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Case-control study in a pediatric population under 18 years of age, with acute abdomen symptoms, who underwent surgery for AA, in a tertiary health institution in Honduras. Cases were defined as patients with complicated AA and controls as those with simple AA. A binary logistic regression model was used to determine the risk factors associated with complications of AA. RESULTS: Sixty-two pediatric patients were analyzed (31 cases and 31 controls) with a median age of 11 years. 58.1% were from an urban area. 77.4% of the cases and 9.7% of controls had a history of abdominal manipulation. The most frequent initial symptom was abdominal pain. In the univariate analysis, male sex, prolonged evolution time, use of home remedies, leukocytosis > 20,000/mm3, and abdominal manipulation were risk factors for complicated AA. In the multivariate model, abdominal manipulation was the main risk factor (OR 15.94 [3.4074.59]). CONCLUSION: Cultural beliefs such as empacho and its respective treatments such as abdominal manipulation and use of home remedies are risk factors for the complication of an established AA case, as well as contributing to the delay in diagnosis.

Contra a Arte Bruta: sofrimento mental, segregação e arte contemporânea / Against Raw Art: Mental suffering, segregation and contemporary art / Contre l'Art Brut: Soufrance mentale, ségrégation et art contemporain / Contra el Arte Bruto: sufrimiento mental, segregación y arte contemporáneo

O artigo apresenta o conceito "Arte bruta" e acompanha suas principais articulações nos campos da arte e saúde mental até a década de 1960. Em uma análise crítica, explicita-se como este, apesar de incitar à valorização do material artístico produzido por pacientes psiquiátricos e outros artistas fora do circuito erudito, contribui para uma categorização segregacionista dos artistas ditos "loucos", ao adotar uma compreensão reducionista e idealizada da criação como expressão espontânea, acessível a tais sujeitos justamente por estarem "apartados da cultura". Mostra-se ainda que tal noção, apesar de utilizada ainda hoje, foi objeto de remodelamento e renomeação - como "outsider art", especialmente - entre 1960/1970, com a desnaturalização do isolamento dos ditos "doentes" trazida pela Reforma Psiquiátrica e o advento de mudanças significativas na concepção de arte e produção artística.

This paper presents the concept of "Raw Art," following its main articulations in the field of art and mental health until the 1960s. Through a critical analysis, the text shows how this concept, despite encouraging the appreciation of artistic materials produced by psychiatric patients and other naïve artists, contributes to a segregationist categorization of the so-called "mad" artists, by adopting a reductionist and idealized understanding of creation as a spontaneous expression, accessible to these subjects precisely because they are "outsiders." Such notion, although still used today, underwent remodeling and renaming-as "outsider art"-between 1960/70, following the denaturalization of isolation for the so-called "insane" brought by the Psychiatric Reform and the advent of significant changes in the conception of art and artistic production.

Cet article présente le concept d'"art brut", en suivant ses principales articulations dans les domaines de l'art et de la santé mentale jusqu'aux années 1960. Dans un abordage critique, le texte montre comment ce concept, bien qu'il mène à une valorisation du matériel artistique produit par des patients psychiatriques et d'autres artistes dits naïf, contribue à une catégorisation ségrégationniste des artistes dits «"fous", en adoptant une compréhension réductionniste et idéalisée de la création en tant qu'expression spontanée, accessible à ces sujets précisément parce qu'ils sont "en dehors de la culture". Cette notion, bien qu'encore utilisée aujourd'hui, a subi un remodelage et un changement de nom - en tant qu'"outsider art" - entre 1960/1970, suite à la dénaturalisation de l'isolement des soi-disant "fous" apportée par la réforme psychiatrique et à l'avènement de changements significatifs dans la conception de l'art et de la production artistique.

Este trabajo presenta el concepto de "Arte Bruto" y sigue sus principales articulaciones en los ámbitos del arte y la salud mental hasta la década de 1960. A través de un análisis crítico se muestra cómo este concepto, a pesar de incentivar la apreciación del material artístico producido por pacientes psiquiátricos y otros artistas fuera del ámbito erudito, contribuye a una categorización segregacionista de los llamados artistas "locos" al adoptar una comprensión reduccionista e idealizada de la creación como expresión espontánea, accesible a dichos sujetos precisamente por estar "apartados de la cultura". También se muestra que tal noción, aunque todavía se utiliza hoy, fue objeto de remodelación y renombramiento - como "outsider arte" especialmente - entre 1960/1970, con la desnaturalización del aislamiento de los llamados "locos" que trajo la Reforma Psiquiátrica y el advenimiento de cambios significativos en la concepción del arte y la producción artística.

Phenolic compounds versus SARS-CoV-2: An update on the main findings against COVID-19.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 remains an international concern. Although there are drugs to fight it, new natural alternatives such as polyphenols are essential due to their antioxidant activity and high antiviral potential. In this context, this review reports the main findings on the effect of phenolic compounds (PCs) against SARS-CoV-2 virus. First, the proven activity of PCs against different human viruses is briefly detailed, which serves as a starting point to study their anti-COVID-19 potential. SARS-CoV-2 targets (its proteins) are defined. Findings from in silico, in vitro and in vivo studies of a wide variety of phenolic compounds are shown, emphasizing their mechanism of action, which is fundamental for drug design. Furthermore, clinical trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of PCs in the prevention and as a possible therapeutic management against COVID-19. The results were complemented with information on the influence of polyphenols in strengthening/modulating the immune system. It is recommended to investigate compounds such as vitamins, minerals, alkaloids, triterpenes and fatty acids, and their synergistic use with PCs, many of which have been successful against SARS-CoV-2. Based on findings on other viruses, synergistic evaluation of PCs with accepted drugs against COVID-19 is also suggested. Other recommendations and limitations are also shown, which is useful for professionals involved in the development of efficient, safe and low-cost therapeutic strategies based on plant matrices rich in PCs. To the authors' knowledge, this manuscript is the first to evaluate the relationship between the antiviral and immunomodulatory (including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects) activity of PCs and their underlying mechanisms in relation to the fight against COVID-19. It is also of interest for the general population to be informed about the importance of consuming foods rich in bioactive compounds for their health benefits.

Determinantes sociales de salud percibida y calidad de vida en mayores de dieciséis años de edad, Honduras / Social determinants of perceived health and quality of life in people over sixteen years old, in Honduras

Introducción: Los determinantes sociales son el reflejo de las políticas adoptadas por los gobiernos y la distribución de las riquezas en todo el mundo. Estos influyen en las inequidades sanitarias y calidad de vida de la población. Objetivo: Establecer la relación entre determinantes sociales de salud percibida y calidad de vida en tres cabeceras departamentales de Honduras. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo-correlacional en 2017. El universo lo constituyeron los habitantes de San Pedro Sula, Tegucigalpa y Santa Bárbara. Muestreo estratificado por lugar/género. Se incluyeron 824 participantes mayores de 16 años, voluntarios. Se aplicó un cuestionario sobre determinantes sociales de salud y el instrumento de calidad de vida WHOQOL-BREF. Los datos se procesaron en IBM SPSS versión 26. Se realizó análisis correlacional. Se calcularon las pruebas U de Mann Whitney y Kruskal Wallis. Resultados: El 53,3 por ciento (439) eran del género femenino, edades entre 16-80 años. El 29,5 por ciento (242) estaba desempleado, el 74 por ciento (610) tenían ingresos familiares mensuales menor que un salario mínimo mensual, el 85,2 por ciento (703) pertenecía a estrato social medio. El 26 por ciento (214) tenían acceso a la salud por medios privados. Se encontró relación estadísticamente significativa entre nivel educativo, ingresos mensuales, estrato social, acceso a la salud y estado de salud, con los cuatro dominios de calidad de vida. Conclusiones: Es importante mejorar la equidad social de los hondureños, para que la población en general tenga mejores oportunidades para suplir sus necesidades como lo es la vivienda, el acceso a la salud, educación y de esa manera podrán tener mejor calidad de vida(AU)

Introduction: Social determinants are the reflection of the policies adopted by governments and the distribution of wealth around the world. These influence the health inequities and quality of life of the population. Objective: To establish the relationship between social determinants of perceived health and quality of life in three departmental capitals of Honduras. Methods: Descriptive-correlational study in 2017. The universe was constituted by the inhabitants of San Pedro Sula, Tegucigalpa and Santa Barbara. Stratified sampling by place/gender. 824 participants over 16 years old, volunteers were included. A questionnaire on social determinants of health and the WHOQOL-BREF quality of life tool were applied. The data was processed in IBM SPSS version 26. Correlational analysis was performed. Mann Whitney and Kruskal Wallis U-tests were calculated. Results: 53.3 percent (439) were female, aged between 16-80 years. 29.5percent (242) were unemployed, 74percent (610) had a monthly family income lower than a minimum monthly wage, 85.2percent (703) belonged to the middle social stratum. 26percent (214) had access to health by private means. A statistically significant relationship was found between educational level, monthly income, social stratum, access to health and health status, with the four domains of quality of life. Conclusions: It is important to improve the social equity of Hondurans, so that the general population has better opportunities to meet their needs such as housing, access to health, education and thus be able to have a better quality of life(AU)

Impact of Belimumab on Organ Damage in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Organ damage is a key determinant of poor long-term prognosis and early death in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Prevention of damage is a key treatment goal of the 2019 update of the European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR) recommendations for SLE management. Belimumab is a monoclonal antibody that inhibits B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) and is the only therapy approved for both SLE and lupus nephritis. Here, we review the clinical trial and real-world data on the effects of belimumab on organ damage in adult patients with SLE. Across 4 phase III studies, belimumab in combination with background SLE therapy demonstrated consistent reductions in key drivers of organ damage including disease activity, risk of new severe flares, and glucocorticoid exposure compared to background therapy alone. Long-term belimumab use in SLE also reduced organ damage progression measured by the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index, as reported in open-label extension studies, and propensity score-matched comparative analyses to background therapy alone. Results from a clinical trial showed that in patients with active lupus nephritis, belimumab treatment improved renal response, reduced the risk of renal-related events, and impacted features related to kidney damage progression compared to background therapy alone. The decrease of organ damage accumulation observed with belimumab treatment in SLE, including lupus nephritis, suggest a disease-modifying effect.

A secondary analysis of the Belimumab International Study in Lupus Nephritis trial examined effects of belimumab on kidney outcomes and preservation of kidney function in patients with lupus nephritis.

We performed a post hoc analysis of the Belimumab International Study in Lupus Nephritis (BLISS-LN), a Phase 3, multinational, double-blind, 104-week trial, in which 448 patients with lupus nephritis were randomized to receive intravenous belimumab 10 mg/kg or placebo with standard therapy (cyclophosphamide/azathioprine or mycophenolate mofetil). Add-on belimumab was found to be most effective in improving the primary efficacy kidney response and complete kidney response in patients with proliferative lupus nephritis and a baseline urine protein/creatinine ratio under 3 g/g. However, there was no observed improvement in the kidney response with belimumab treatment in patients with lupus nephritis and sub-epithelial deposits or with a baseline protein/creatinine ratio of 3 g/g or more. Belimumab significantly reduced the risk of kidney-related events or death and lupus nephritis flare in the overall population. Belimumab reduced the risk of a sustained 30% or 40% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) versus standard treatment alone and attenuated the annual rate of eGFR decline in patients who remained on-study. Thus, our data suggest that the addition of belimumab to standard therapy could attenuate the risk of lupus nephritis flare and eGFR decline in a broad spectrum of patients with lupus nephritis.

"Sentimento oceânico" e controle do fogo: ensaio sobre arte e política / "Oceanic feeling" and control over fire: an essay on art and politics

RESUMO: O presente artigo busca uma articulação entre a noção de "sentimento oceânico" e uma modalidade de laço social distinta da formação da massa e que se explicitaria privilegiadamente no campo da arte, na qual se desestabilizam as fronteiras entre indivíduos em prol de uma espécie de transmissão de desejo, sob o modo discursivo do conhecido sonho no qual o filho morto aparece ao pai e lhe pergunta "Pai, não vês que estou queimando?". O texto examina ainda, de modo inconclusivo, a possibilidade de tal estratégia discursiva caracterizada pela literalidade e indicialidade poder se constituir em uma força política contra o fascismo da massa.

ABSTRACT: This essay aims to investigate the relation between the notion of "oceanic feeling" and a type of social bond distinct from group formation and which would be made explicit singularly in the field of art, in which the boundaries between individuals are destabilized in favor of a kind of transmission of desire, under the discursive mode of the well-known dream in which the dead son appears to the father and asks him "Father, don't you see that I'm burning?". The paper also examines, inconclusively, the possibility that such a discursive strategy characterized by literality and indexicality could constitute a political force against group fascism.

Eficacia y seguridad de solución salina hipertónica nebulizada con o sin epinefrina en el manejo de bronquiolitis aguda / Efficacy and safety of nebulized hypertonic saline with or without epinephrine in management of acute bronchiolitis

Antecedentes: La bronquiolitis es una enfermedad viral aguda del tracto respiratorio inferior en niños menores de dos años, con una tasa máxima de aparición entre 2-10 meses de edad. Objetivo: Evaluar eficacia y seguridad de solución salina hipertónica nebulizada con o sin epinefrina en el manejo de la bronquiolitis aguda. Materiales y métodos:Estudio cuasi-experimental longitudinal, en lactantes ingresados en Hospital Nacional Mario Catarino Rivas (HNMCR), con bronquiolitis aguda leve. Se analizaron 26 casos, asignados al azar, 12 recibieron nebulizaciones con solución salina hipertónica al 3% mas 1 ml de epinefrina (SSH+E) y 14 recibieron 3 ml de solución hipertónica al 3% (SSH), administrados cada 4 horas, y se realizaron análisis de la Escala de Wood Downes- Ferres, saturación de oxígeno y complicaciones posteriores a las nebulizaciones cada 6 horas, por un periodo de 24 horas. El estudio fue aprobado por un comité de ética. Resultados: La estancia hospitalaria se redujo significativamente en el grupo de SSH en comparación con el grupo SSH+E (1,79±0,80 días: 2,50±0,79 días, P = 0,032). El score clínico disminuyo en ambos grupos, pero no hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p=0,187 vs p=0,074, al llegar y luego de 24 horas) Las complicaciones encontradas fueron estadísticamente significativas para el grupo de SSH+E, posterior a las primeras 3 nebulizaciones P = 0,007 y a las 12 horas P = 0,019. Conclusión: Las nebulizaciones con SSH y con SSH+E son igualmente eficaces, sin embargo, la SSH demostró mayor seguridad y acortó significativamente la estancia hospitalaria de los lactantes hospitalizados con bronquiolitis aguda leve...(AU)

10 Years of belimumab experience: What have we learnt?

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease affecting both adults and children. Belimumab is the only biologic approved for SLE, and the first in a class of drugs known as B-lymphocyte stimulator-specific inhibitors. The introduction of intravenous belimumab in 2011 was a major advance, being the first new therapy approved for SLE in over 50 years. As of April 2021, more than 7200 people with SLE have received belimumab in clinical studies, and it is approved in over 75 countries for the treatment of adults with SLE. A subcutaneous, self-injectable belimumab formulation was licensed in 2017 by both the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA). Belimumab was then approved for use in children in Europe, the USA and Japan in 2019, and China and Brazil in 2020. Recently, belimumab became the first FDA-approved drug for the treatment of adults with active lupus nephritis (LN), the most-common severe manifestation of SLE.Over the past 10 years, belimumab has established its position as a disease modifier in the SLE treatment paradigms. Robust evidence from randomised clinical studies and observational, real-world studies has demonstrated the tolerability and efficacy of belimumab for reducing disease activity and the risk of new, severe SLE flares. This enables patients to taper their glucocorticoid use, which limits damage accumulation. Significantly more patients with active LN met the criteria for renal responses and were at less risk of a renal-related event or death after receiving belimumab plus standard therapy, compared with standard therapy on top of mandatory steroid reduction. Ongoing clinical studies are evaluating belimumab's effectiveness in various indications beyond SLE. Post-marketing and registry studies are gathering additional data on key areas such as pregnancy outcomes after belimumab exposure and belimumab co-administration with other biologics.

Complicated acute appendicitis in pediatric patients with "empacho" and abdominal manipulation history: Case series. / Apendicitis aguda complicada en pacientes pediátricos con antecedentes de "empacho" y manipulación abdominal: Serie de casos.

INTRODUCTION: According to Latin American popular culture, empacho is a gastrointestinal disease caused by ex cessive intake of cold or under-cooked food. Abdominal manipulation or sobada is one of the popular treatments used for empacho and consists of an abdominal massage, where the skin is rubbed and stretched, applying pressure on the abdomen. OBJECTIVES: To characterize clinical evolution and complications secondary to diagnostic delay in pediatric patients with acute appendicitis, with history of empacho and abdominal manipulation. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Descriptive, observational, How to cite this article: Andes pediatr. 2021;92(1):86-92. DOI: 10.32641/andespediatr.v92i1.3352 prospective study of pediatric patients with complicated acute appendicitis and history of abdominal manipulation, identified in the pediatric surgery room between November 2019 and June 2020 at the Mario Catarino Rivas Hospital. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis. RESULTS: 10 patients were studied, aged ranging from 6 to 16 years (median age 14 years). Half of them were from rural areas. The main symptoms that appeared before abdominal manipulation were vomiting, nausea, and loss of appetite, followed by sudden diarrhea or constipation, and increased pain intensity. Complications were gastrointestinal perforation (5/10), appendicular mass (3/10), intra-abdominal abscess (3/10), and gangrenous appendicitis (1/10). The median time between initial symptom and hospitalization was 60 hours [IQR, 33.0 - 72.0]. CONCLUSION: This study describes the influence of the empacho and its respective treatment on clinical deterioration due to the delay in diagnosis and treatment of acute appendicitis, resulting in different complications.

Estudio comparativo: cromatografía liquida de alta presión versus electroforesis de hemoglobina. Diagnóstico de anemia drepanocítica / Comparative study: high pressure liquid chromatography versus hemoglobin electrophoresis. Diagnosis of sickle cell anemia

La anemia de células falciformes (ACF) es la hemoglobinopatía hereditaria más común en el mundo. El diagnóstico definitivo se hace por electroforesis de hemoglobina (EFH), relativamente costosa. Por ello ante la sospecha diagnóstica se solicita Metabisulfito de sodio al 2% (MS2), que tiene un menor costo, aporta solo resultados cualitativos, y la confiabilidad depende de quien interprete. Se busca una alternativa económicamente accesible y con mayor certeza diagnóstica. Objetivo: describir y comparar los valores de Hemoglobina S (HbS) obte- nidos mediante cromatografía líquida de alta presión (CLAP) y electroforesis de hemoglobina. Pacientes y Métodos: investigación cuantitativa, descriptiva, no experimental, en las comuni- dades de Masca y Pueblo Nuevo, Omoa, Cortés, en el 2017. Las comunidades tienen 2545 habitantes, de quienes se tomó muestra probabilística de 369. Encontrando 20 personas con prueba de MS2 positiva. En estos 20 casos se solicitó también CLAP y EFH. Los datos fueron analizados con SPSS versión 23, calculando frecuencias, porcentajes y medidas de tendencia central. Resultados: El 50% de los casos eran fenotípicamente mestizos. Los valores de CLAP estuvieron comprendidos entre 26.1% y 68.3% y los de electroforesis de hemoglobina entre 27.3% y 100%. La media aritmética de CLAP fue de 35.53 vs 45.3 para EFH. Conclu- sión: El valor de Hb S medido por EFH es cercano al obtenido por CLAP, por lo que este método podría usarse para un diagnóstico más rápido y a menor costo...(AU)

Relación entre condición nutricional, deterioro neurocognitivo, dependencia funcional y depresión en adultos mayores, Ilama, Honduras / Relationship between nutritional condition, neurocognitive impairment, functional dependence, and depression in elderly people, Ilama, Honduras

l virus SARS-CoV-2, es responsable de la enfermedad COVID-19; para su detección indirecta se utilizan inmunoensayos que cuantifican anticuerpos séricos contra algunas de sus proteínas. Objetivo: documentar resultados de la técnica ELISA, para la identificación cualitativa de anticuerpos contra SARS-CoV-2 en sujetos de Tegucigalpa y Comayagüela y la determinación de relevancia epidemiológica y clínica que presenta esta prueba. Material y Métodos: estudio correlacional transversal de 596 sujetos, a quienes se les practicó ELISA para la determinación de anticuerpos contra el SARS-CoV-2. Se recolectó datos epidemiológicos y clínicos del 13 de mayo al 31 de agosto 2020. Resultados: se analizó datos de 492 sujetos, 271 mujeres y 221 hombres, 313 de Tegucigalpa y 179 de Comayagüela. La edad media fue de 42.1 años; 253 tuvieron nexo epidemiológico negativo y 239 fueron positivos, se identificaron 88 profesiones, con base en la clasificación del Departamento de Trabajo de Estados Unidos y se categorizaron en grupos de riesgo bajo, medio y alto. Se encontraron 12 síntomas clínicos y 2 enfermedades concomitantes. De acuerdo al resultado de la prueba ELISA, los resultados se estructuraron en cuatro grupos: IgM e IgG negativos, IgM positivos, IgM e IgG positivos e IgG positivos, los que se asociaron con las variables epidemiológicas y clínicas. Los habitantes de Comayagüela presentaron mayor número de casos de ELISA positiva en comparación con los de Tegucigalpa. 1Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, UNAH. 2 Laboratorios Molina, Tegucigalpa, Honduras. 3 Western International School, San Pedro Sula. 4 Grupo de Investigación Historia. 5 Dirección General de Documentos Normativos, SESAL. 6 Grupo de Investigación Historia. 7 Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, UNAH. Autor corresponsal: Mayra Gabriela Handal Lorenzana. mayr_gt@hotmail.com Recibido: 15/04/2021 Aceptado: 28/06/2021 Conclusiones: no hubo difer encia entr e edad (p=0.528) y sexo (p=0.245) en cuanto a los resultados del ELISA. Un tercio de los sujetos a los que se detectó algún anticuerpo no refirieron nexo epidemiológico. Las profesiones u ocupaciones más afectadas fueron las de riesgo medio y los síntomas identificados más frecuentes fueron fiebre, cefalea y odinofagia...(AU)

Actitud hacia la anemia drepanocítica en Masca y Pueblo Nuevo, Omoa Cortés, Honduras / Attitude towards sickle cell disease in Masca and Pueblo Nuevo, Omoa Cortés, Honduras

Las actitudes reflejan los antecedentes y las experiencias de una persona, se adoptan en razón de un conjunto de fuerzas como la personalidad, valores y creencias de cada uno. La enfermedad de células falciformes es una patología genética, crónica que constituye la forma más frecuente y mejor conocida de hemoglobinopatía estructural. El objetivo, fue determinar las actitudes (en sus componentes cognitivo y afectivo) que presentan los pobladores de Masca y Pueblo Nuevo, en Omoa, Cortés hacia la anemia drepanocítica. Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, no experimental, transeccional y alcance descriptivo. Población: 274 personas alfabetos, de 15 años o más, muestreo probabilístico: 148 personas, voluntarias anuentes a participar en la investigación. Se elaboró un instrumento tipo escala de Likert constituido por 20 ítems que midieron las actitudes hacia la anemia drepanocítica. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el programa Microsoft Excel. Los resultados ante el componente cognitivo indicaron que 65 personas, (44 %) consideraron tener conocimientos sobre la temática y reconocieron que es necesario se informe sobre la enfermedad. 19 personas (13 %) estaban inseguras de emitir una respuesta; 78 (53 %) manifestaron que, a pesar de tener algún tipo de conocimientos en torno a la enfermedad, requieren más información. En cuanto al componente afectivo, 58 (39 %) manifestaron experimentar temor ante la idea de enfrentarse a este tipo de enfermedad; 30 (20 %) se mostraron inseguras o indiferentes de emitir una respuesta y 61 (41 %) manifestaron que no sabrían que hacer o cómo actuar ante la idea de que ellos o alguien de su familia padezcan de la enfermedad. Se concluyó que existe la necesidad de informar a la población, sobre anemia drepanocítica para saber cómo enfrentarla, tanto a nivel individual como colectivamente.

Attitudes reflect the antecedents and experiences of a person, they are adopted due to a set of forces such as the personality, values and beliefs of each one. Sickle cell disease is a chronic, genetic pathology that is the most common and best known form of structural hemoglobinopathy. The objective was to determine the attitudes (in its cognitive and affective components) that the inhabitants of Masca and Pueblo Nuevo, in Omoa, Cortés have towards sickle cell anemia. A quantitative, non- experimental, transectional study with a descriptive scope was carried out. Population: 274 literate people, aged 15 or over, probability sampling: 148 people, volunteers willing to participate in the research. A Likert scale instrument was developed consisting of 20 items that measured attitudes towards sickle cell anemia. Statistical analysis was carried out with the Microsoft Excel program. The results regarding the cognitive component indicated that 65 people (44%) considered they had knowledge about the subject and recognized that it is necessary to inform themselves about the disease. 19 people (13%) were unsure about giving an answer; 78 (53%) stated that, despite having some kind of knowledge about the disease, they require more information. Regarding the affective component, 58 (39%) expressed fear at the idea of facing this type of illness; 30 (20%) were unsure or indifferent to issue a response and 61 (41%) stated that they would not know what to do or how to act when faced with the idea that they or someone in their family had the disease. It was concluded that there is a need to inform the population about sickle cell anemia in order to know how to deal with it, both individually and collectively.

Clinical response beyond the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Responder Index: post-hoc analysis of the BLISS-SC study.

OBJECTIVE: The Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Responder Index (SRI), developed as a primary outcome measure for use in clinical trials, captures improvement in SLE disease activity without concomitant worsening in disease manifestations. This study investigated the relationships between the SRI and clinical/laboratory correlates of SRI response in patients with SLE. METHODS: This was a post-hoc analysis of the phase III, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of subcutaneous BeLimumab in Subjects with Systemic lupus erythematosus - SubCutaneous (BLISS-SC). Patients were randomised to weekly belimumab 200 mg subcutaneously or placebo, plus standard SLE therapy. Changes from baseline to week 52 in clinical and laboratory parameters were compared among SRI responders and non-responders, irrespective of the treatment received. RESULTS: SRI responders (n=475) had significantly better (p<0.0001) outcomes compared with non-responders (n=358), including (by definition) higher proportions achieving ≥4-point improvement in Safety of Estrogens in Lupus Erythematosus National Assessment-SLE Disease Activity Index (100.0% vs 2.0%), no worsening in British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG; 0 new BILAG A or ≤1 new BILAG B score; 100.0 % vs 50.3%) and no worsening (<0.3-point increase) in Physician's Global Assessment score (100.0% vs 49.7%). Among patients receiving >7.5 mg/day corticosteroids at baseline, significantly more SRI responders had reductions in prednisone dose to ≤7.5 mg/day than non-responders. SRI responders reported lower flare rates and improvements in serological markers and Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue score than non-responders. CONCLUSION: SRI response is associated with improvements in clinical and laboratory measures, strengthening its value as a clinically meaningful primary endpoint in clinical trials.

Factores asociados a obesidad en pediatría, Hospital Mario Catarino Rivas, 2017-2018 / Factors associated with obesity in pediatric, Mario Catarino Rivas hospital, 2017-2018

Antecedentes: La obesidad infantil es una enfermedad crónica de origen multifactorial considerada uno de los problemas de salud pública más graves del siglo XXI. El problema es mundial que está afectando progresivamente a muchos países de bajos y medianos ingresos, sobre todo en el medio urbano. La prevalencia ha aumentado a un ritmo alarmante. Objetivo: Conocer los factores asociados con la Obesidad infantil en pacientes atendidos en Consulta externa de Endocrinología Pediátrica del Hospital Mario Catarino Rivas (HMCR) en el período de enero 2017-junio 2018. Pacientes y métodos: Diseño no experimental, estudio de casos y controles, edades comprendidas entre 2-17 años con 364 días de vida, los pacientescon obesidad fueron captados en ConsultaExterna de Endocrinología Pediátrica,eligiendo los controles en una relación 1:1 deConsulta Externa de Postgrado de Pediatría.Los datos se analizaron con SPSS versión23.Resultados:Los factores asociados aobesidad fueron: sexo femenino, tenerantecedentes familiares de obesidad, realizaractividad física diaria menor a 30 minutos,dedicar tiempo diario a los videojuegos.Conclusiones: Según el análisis de RegresiónLogística Binaria la probabilidad de desarrollarobesidad infantil se incrementa de formasignificativa si el individuo es del sexofemenino, tienen antecedentes de padres conobesidad, si no recibió Lactancia MaternaExclusiva (LME) en los primeros 6 meses, si realiza actividad física diaria menor de 30 minutos y si dedica tiempo diario a los videojuegos...(AU)

Factores cardiovasculares y renales asociados a hipertensión arterial en pediatría / Cardiovascular and kidney factors associated with arterial hypertension in pediatrics

Antecedentes: El aumento de la prevalencia de Hipertensión Arterial (HTA) en Pediatría se debe a factores de riesgo (FR) relacionados con el comportamiento.Objetivo:Determinar los FR Cardiovasculares y Renales asociados a HTA en Pediatría en el Instituto Hondureño de Seguridad Social- Hospital Regional del Norte (IHSS-HRN) y Diálisis de Honduras-San Pedro Sula (SPS) en el período de enero 2017 - junio 2018.Pacientes y Métodos:Estudio de Casos y Controles en pacientes de 29 días-17 años con 364 días de edad, nefropatas y/o cardiópatas y que no sean cardiópatas o nefropatas que tengan o no HTA que acudieron a la Consulta Externa de Cardiología Pediátrica y pacientes que estuvieron hospitalizados en la Emergencia de Pediatría, Sala de Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCIP), Sala de Pediatría A y B del IHSS-HRN y Diálisis de Honduras-SPS. El tamaño de la muestra fue de 148 pacientes. Se le realizó Regresión Logística Binaria (RLB) para determinar los FR.Resultados:La prevalencia de HTA en el IHSS-HRN fue de 0.24% y 2.7% en Diálisis de Honduras-SPS. Los FR identificados en el análisis de RLB fueron: mayor de 10 años, masculino, sedentarismo, consumo de alcohol y cigarrillos, antecedentes familiares de HTA y antecedentes personales de enfermedades renales. Según los resultados de Estadísticas de Wald con valor de P<0.05 indicaron que estos resultados se pueden generalizar a la población. Conclusiones: Los FR para HTA en pediatría están relacionados con el comportamiento y pueden ser prevenibles y modificables desde etapas tempranas de la infancia...(AU)