Effects of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for breast cancer in health care quality improvements. A second systematic review.

Background: Traditionally, EB-CPGs have been believed to mainly improve the quality and consistency of health care, but this claim must be conclusively proven. We used the Donabedian three-dimensional model (structure, process, and patient outcomes) to assess improvements in the quality of medical care derived from implementing EB-CPGs. This study corresponds to the second systematic review carried out as a series of studies on different clinical issues that aim to evaluate the effectiveness of the application of the EB-CPG for improving the quality of care. Methods: We followed the methods described by the Cochrane Handbook and presented a descriptive analysis because of the high heterogeneity found across the included studies. We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, and EBSCO Host databases, as well as the grey literature, between 1990 and April 2021. No language restrictions were applied. Only randomised clinical trials (RCTs) were selected. Results: Of the total of 364 interventions included in the eleven RCTs evaluated, 11 (3%) were related to healthcare structure, 51 (14%) to the healthcare delivery process and 302 (83%) to patient outcomes. Regarding the impact of using the EB-CPGs, in 303 interventions (83%), there were no significant differences between the control and experimental groups. In 4 interventions (1%), the result favoured the control and intervention groups in 57 of the interventions (16%). Conclusions: Our study showed that EB-CPGs slightly enhanced the quality of health care in the three dimensions described by Donabedian. Future RCTs should improve their design and methodological rigour by considering the certainty of the evidence supporting the EB-CPGs recommendations. In that context, broader analyses could be performed, having more concise hypotheses for further research. Registration: PROSPERO CRD42020205594.

Medición de la concordancia en la elección de antidepresivos entre psiquiatras costarricenses que no aplican y sí aplican el algoritmo de razonamiento psicofarmacológico / Measurement of the concordance in the selection of antidepressants between costarican psychiatrists that do not apply and apply the Psychopharmacological Reasoning Algorithm

Resumen Justificación: existe una alta comorbilidad entre las enfermedades médico-quirúrgicas y la depresión. No hay parámetros sistematizados que guíen la selección individualizada del tratamiento farmacológico en estas circunstancias. Objetivo: analizar la concordancia entre los psiquiatras costarricenses que no aplican y sí aplican el algoritmo de razonamiento psicofarmacológico para la elección de los antidepresivos, en 3 casos clínicos de pacientes deprimidos y con una enfermedad médico-quirúrgica. Metodología: se distribuyó de forma aleatoria en dos grupos a los participantes, y se les presentó tres casos clínicos reales y anónimos de personas deprimidas y con una enfermedad médico-quirúrgica. El grupo A eligió el antidepresivo según sus criterios personales, mientras que el grupo B realizó la elección del tratamiento basándose en la implementación del algoritmo de razonamiento psicofarmacológico. Resultados: no hubo concordancia respecto al fármaco entre los 22 psiquiatras del grupo que solo aplicó el criterio clínico (kappa= -0,0154, p= 0,3851), mientras que la concordancia sí fue estadísticamente significativa en el grupo de los 24 psiquiatras que aplicó el algoritmo de razonamiento psicofarmacológico (kappa=0,016, p<0,01). La concordancia entre ambos grupos fue del 25 % en el caso 1, el 16,67% en el caso 2 y el 20,83% en el caso 3. Los psiquiatras que emplearon el algoritmo de razonamiento psicofarmacológico lo consideran útil (87,50%), aplicable (83,33%) y con posible impacto clínico (91,67%). Conclusiones: el algoritmo de razonamiento psicofarmacológico aumentó la concordancia entre los psiquiatras para la selección de los antidepresivos en tres casos clínicos de pacientes deprimidos con enfermedades médico-quirúrgicas, en comparación con el criterio personal. La concordancia entre los grupos A y B fue muy baja. El algoritmo de razonamiento psicofarmacológico es una herramienta considerada útil, aplicable y de posible impacto en la práctica clínica.

Abstract There is a high comorbidity between medical surgical diseases and depression. There is no current systematic approach to guide how to select an individualized treatment under these circumstances. Objective: to analyze the concordance between psychiatrist that do not use and those who use the Psychopharmacological Reasoning Algorithm to choose the treatment for 3 clinical cases of depression and medical surgical diseases. Methodology: Three case vignettes of anonymous real depressed patients with medical surgical diseases were presents to both groups. Group A made the selection of the antidepressant using their personal criteria; group B made the selection applying the Psychopharmacological Reasoning Algorithm. Results: There was no concordance on the drug among the 22 psychiatrists in the group that only applied the clinical criterion (kappa = -0.0154, p = 0.3851), whereas concordance was statistically significant in the group of 24 psychiatrists who applied the Psychopharmacological Reasoning Algorithm (kappa = 0.016, p <0.01). The concordance between groups A and B was 25% in the case 1, 16.67% in the case 2 and 20.83% in the case 3. The biggest majority of the psychiatrist that used the PPRA considers it useful (87.50%), applicable (83.33%) and with the possibility of impact the clinical practice (91.67%). Conclusion: The Psychopharmacological Reasoning Algorithm increased the concordance in the selection of antidepressants made by Costa Rican psychiatrists in 3 clinical vignettes of depressed patients with a medical surgical disease, when compared to personal criteria. The concordance in the selection of the antidepressants in the 3 cases between both groups is low. The Psychopharmacological Reasoning Algorithm is a tool considered useful, applicable and with a possible impact in clinical practice.

Anemia hemolítica por déficit de piruvato-cinasa como manifestación inicial de Enfermedad de Wilson: caso clínico / Hemolytic anemia by to deficit pyruvate kinase as initial manifestation of Wilson`s disease: Clinical case

Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 16 años con anemia hemolítica por déficit de piruvato cinasa como manifestación inicial de Enfermedad de Wilson. El diagnóstico se estableció con la presencia de anillo de Kayser Fleisher, niveles bajos de ceruloplasmina sérica y niveles altos de cobre urinario.