Water as a Reactant: DABCO-Catalyzed Hydration of Activated Alkynes for the Synthesis of Divinyl Ethers.

A practical and efficient addition of water to readily available activated alkynes delivering divinyl ethers is reported. The reaction proceeds with full atom economy in a very straightforward experimental procedure. Additionally, of all the tertiary amines studied to catalyze the reaction, the best and most efficient is clearly DABCO (1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane). Finally, the solvent choice is crucial for the efficiency of this process and we have found that the reaction is best performed in wet dichloromethane for propiolic esters and alkynones, and in wet acetonitrile for propiolamides.

Tetrazine-based dynamic covalent polymers as degradable extraction materials in sample preparation.

BACKGROUND: Current trends in Analytical Chemistry are highly focused on the introduction of new extraction materials with a high selectivity towards the target analytes, high extraction capacity as well as sustainable characteristics. In this context, the introduction of smart materials able to respond to an external stimulus constitutes a promising approach in the field. However, investigations regarding the development of such stimuli-responsive polymers have been basically centered on their synthesis and the control of their properties, and hardly on exploiting such properties to generate polymers that, once their extraction function is fulfilled, they can be degraded into fragments with little or negligible toxicity, or even into their constituent monomers for an efficient recycling. RESULTS: The applicability of a degradable and recyclable dynamic covalent polymer based on the use of tetrazine as a linker was assessed as sorbent for the extraction of a group of 37 persistent organic pollutants, including 10 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, 11 organochlorine pesticides, 14 polychlorinated biphenyls, and 2 antibacterial agents, from water samples. A microdispersive solid-phase extraction procedure was developed for the selective extraction of the target analytes, while their separation, determination, and quantification were achieved by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The optimized procedure was validated for seawater and wastewater obtaining mean relative recovery values between 72 and 112 % for almost all the analytes, with satisfactory relative standard deviation values (<18 %). After extraction, the polymer could be degraded by adding the amino acid L-tyrosine, being possible a quantitative recovery of the initial functional monomer. SIGNIFICANCE: A responsive polymer based on the chemical versatility of the tetrazine ring was used as sorbent in sample preparation providing excellent results, showing good physicochemical properties and the ability to be degraded after use. This polymer constitutes an interesting alternative to reduce chemical waste through the recycling of monomers, contributing to the development of more sustainable analytical methodologies.

Partial sensory rhizotomy in recurrent trigeminal neuralgia. Our experience and literature review.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Trigeminal Neuralgia (NT) is a common pathology in Neurosurgery. It can be classified as idiopathic or secondary to other pathologies, such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Several surgical treatments have been described, some of them being replaced by more modern techniques. Partial sensory rhizotomy (PSR), described by Dandy is a technique replaced by other techniques due to its permanent side effects. We present our experience with this technique in patients with recurrent NT. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A retrospective review is carried out on five patients who underwent surgery at our center from 2018 to 2023 using the PSR technique. RESULTS: All the patients intervened showed significant clinical improvement, except one patient who required reintervention due to uncontrolled pain. According to the Barrow Neurological Institute (BNI) scale, 80% (4/5) of patients showed improvement from grade V to grades I/II except for one of them. This patient suffered from MS. Additionally, one patient presented a corneal ulcer after surgery due to impairment of the corneal reflex. CONCLUSION: In our experience, PSR is a valid treatment option in selected patients with recurrent TN. It has a low incidence of complications with an adequate surgical technique and anatomical knowledge of the region. To the best of our knowledge, we are one of the few centers in Spain to publish our results with PSR in the last ten years. We report good results in pain control withdrawing medication in 80% (4/5) of the operated patients.

Kinetic Control of Complexity in Multiple Dynamic Libraries.

Multiple dynamic libraries of compounds are generated when more than one reversible reaction comes into play. Commonly, two or more orthogonal reversible reactions are used, leading to non-communicating dynamic libraries which share no building blocks. Only a few examples of communicating libraries have been reported, and in all those cases, building blocks are reversibly exchanged from one library to the other, constituting an antiparallel dynamic covalent system. Herein we report that communication between two different dynamic libraries through an irreversible process is also possible. Indeed, alkyl amines cancel the dynamic regime on the nucleophilic substitution of tetrazines, generating kinetically inert compounds. Interestingly, such amine can be part of another dynamic library, an imine-amine exchange. Thus, both libraries are interconnected with each other by an irreversible process which leads to kinetically inert structures that contain parts from both libraries, causing a collapse of the complexity. Additionally, a latent irreversible intercommunication could be developed. In such a way, a stable molecular system with specific host-guest and fluorescence properties, could be irreversibly transformed when the right stimulus was applied, triggering the cancellation of the original supramolecular and luminescent properties and the emergence of new ones.

Oclusión intestinal por policitemia vera en una anciana / Intestinal occlusion due to polycythemia vera in an old woman

Se describe el caso clínico de una paciente de 67 años de edad con varias comorbilidades, entre ellas la policitemia vera, quien acudió al Cuerpo de Guardia del Hospital Clinicoquirúrgico Universitario Dr. Ambrosio Grillo Portuondo de Santiago de Cuba por presentar síntomas y signos de un síndrome de abdomen agudo oclusivo. Se indicó intervención quirúrgica de urgencia, que permitió confirmar el diagnóstico presuntivo de afección vascular mesentérica de tipo trombótica. La inmediatez del tratamiento quirúrgico, la reversibilidad del daño vascular sin necesidad de procedimiento de resección intestinal y la administración efectiva de anticoagulantes permitieron una evolución favorable y sin complicaciones.

The case report of a 67 years patient with several comorbidities is described, among them polycythemia vera, who went to the emergency room of Ambrosio Grillo Portuondo University Clinical Surgical Hospital in Santiago de Cuba due to symptoms and signs of a syndrome of occlusive acute abdomen. An emergency surgical intervention was indicated, that confirmed the presumptive diagnosis of mesenteric vascular thrombosis. The immediacy of the surgical treatment, the reversibility of the vascular damage without necessity of intestinal resection procedure and the effective use of anticoagulants allowed a favorable clinical course without complications.

Dynamic Hydroxyl-Yne Reaction with Phenols.

Dynamic Covalent Chemistry (DCvC) has gained increasing importance in supramolecular chemistry and materials science. Herein we prove the dynamic nature of the exchange between phenols and vinyl ethers. Exchange is fast at room temperature and under mild conditions. The equilibrium constants and the electronic effect of the phenol substituents were calculated. This novel incorporation to the DCvC toolbox could be quite useful, and as a proof it was used for the synthesis of a responsive molecular cage.

Dynamic Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Tetrazines.

A dynamic nucleophilic aromatic substitution of tetrazines (SN Tz) is presented herein. It combines all the advantages of dynamic covalent chemistry with the versatility of the tetrazine moiety. Indeed, libraries of compounds or sophisticated molecular structures can be easily obtained, which are susceptible to post-functionalization by inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reaction, which also locks the exchange. Additionally, the structures obtained can be disassembled upon the application of the right stimulus, either UV irradiation or a suitable chemical reagent. Moreover, SN Tz is compatible with the imine chemistry of anilines. The high potential of this methodology has been proved by building two responsive supramolecular systems: A macrocycle that displays a light-induced release of acetylcholine; and a truncated [4+6] tetrahedral shape-persistent fluorescent cage, which is disassembled by thiols unless it is post-stabilized by IEDDA.

Alma Ata: experiencias que validan sus propuestas 40 años después, para proyectarlas al futuro / Alma Ata: experiences that validate your proposals 40 years later, to project them into the future

Mucho se ha discutido sobre porqué después de la Conferencia Internacional de Salud de Alma Ata de 1978, no se siguió un impulso que hiciera posible su implementación y más bien la salud discurriera por corrientes no solo distintas sino opuestas en algunos casos. Si bien es cierto que esta discusión es importante para entender mejor las lecciones aprendidas en torno a la denominada atención primaria de salud (APS), evitar los errores y profundizar sus aciertos, es más importante operativizar, en el sentido que Alma Ata propuso, modelos de salud integrales e incluyentes que reflejen la justicia, la equidad, la innovación y la audacia necesarias para construir un mundo mejor, más justo, saludable, desarrollado y feliz. En las Américas hay experiencias relativamente recientes que abogan por ello, que es importante presentar inicialmente, ya que están aún en proceso de sistematización e investigación.

Alma Ata: experiencias que validan sus propuestas 40 años después, para proyectarlas al futuro / Alma Ata: experiences that validate its proposals 40 years later, to project them into future

Mucho se ha discutido sobre porqué después de la Conferencia Internacional de Salud de Alma Ata de 1978, no se siguió un impulso que hiciera posible su implementación y más bien la salud discurriera por corrientes no solo distintas sino opuestas en algunos casos. Si bien es cierto que esta discusión es importante para entender mejor las lecciones aprendidas en torno a la denominada atención primaria de salud (APS), evitar los errores y profundizar sus aciertos, es más importante operativizar, en el sentido que Alma Ata propuso, modelos de salud integrales e incluyentes que reflejen la justicia, la equidad, la innovación y la audacia necesarias para construir un mundo mejor, más justo, saludable, desarrollado y feliz. En las Américas hay experiencias relativamente recientes que abogan por ello, que es importante presentar inicialmente, ya que están aún en proceso de sistematización e investigación.

Much has been discussed about why after the International Conference of health of Alma Ata of 1978 has not followed a momentum that made possible its implementation and more health goes by not only different but opposite currents in some cases. While it is true that this discussion is important to better understand the lessons learned around the so-called primary health care, avoid errors and deepen its achievements, it is more important to operate, in the sense that Alma Ata proposed: comprehensive and inclusive health models that reflect justice, equity, innovation and boldness needed to build a better, more just, healthy, developed and happy world. In the Americas there are relatively recent experience advocating for it, that it is important to present initially, since they are still in the process of systematization and research.

Cuarenta años después de alma ata: la actualidad de sus conceptos fundamentales / Forty years after alma-ata: currency of its fundamental concepts

RESUMEN Al conmemorarse 40 años de la Conferencia Internacional de Atención Primaria de Salud de 1978 en Alma Ata (Kazajistán, ex URSS), la vigencia de sus principios fundamentales se mantiene, siendo importante recordarlos como un referente para el futuro mediato, y proyectarlos a la salud para todos, pendiente de construir con todos.

ABSTRACT As we commemorate 40 years of the International Conference of Primary Health Care celebrated in Alma-Ata (Kazakhstan, ex-USSR) in 1978, the currency of its fundamental principles holds strong, and it is important to remember them as a referent for the near future, and to project them to every individual's health, to be built by all.

La historia de la Conferencia de AlmaAta

The historical account of the International Conference on Primary Health Care of Alma-Ata (Soviet Union) WHO/UNICEF, the most important international health policy event in the early 70's that marked a milestone in public health in the world, is presented. It was attended by 134 countries, 67 international organizations and many non-governmental organizations. Unfortunately, China was the big absentee. At the end of the historical account, the Declaration of Alma-Ata 1978 is presented.

Se presenta el relato histórico de la Conferencia Internacional sobre Atención Primaria de la Salud de Alma-Ata (URSS) OMS/UNICEF, el evento de política de salud internacional más importante en la década de los 70 que marcó un hito en la salud pública del mundo. Contó con la presencia de 134 países, 67 organismos internacionales y muchas organizaciones no gubernamentales. Lamentablemente, China fue el gran ausente. Al final del relato histórico, se presenta la Declaración de Alma-Ata 1978.

[Forty years after alma-ata: currency of its fundamental concepts]. / Cuarenta años después de alma ata: la actualidad de sus conceptos fundamentales.

As we commemorate 40 years of the International Conference of Primary Health Care celebrated in Alma-Ata (Kazakhstan, ex-USSR) in 1978, the currency of its fundamental principles holds strong, and it is important to remember them as a referent for the near future, and to project them to every individual's health, to be built by all.

Al conmemorarse 40 años de la Conferencia Internacional de Atención Primaria de Salud de 1978 en Alma Ata (Kazajistán, ex URSS), la vigencia de sus principios fundamentales se mantiene, siendo importante recordarlos como un referente para el futuro mediato, y proyectarlos a la salud para todos, pendiente de construir con todos.

Mielolipoma en una paciente con hiperplasia suprarrenal congénita / Adrenal myelolipoma in a patient with congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Introducción: El mielolipoma es un tumor benigno caracterizado por la presencia de tejido adiposo y elementos de la médula ósea. Se ha visto que puede estar relacionado con niveles elevados de ACTH como en la Hiperplasia Suprarrenal Congénita (HSC). Objetivo: Presentación de un caso clínico. Reporte de caso: Mujer de 64 años de edad con antecedente de Hiperplasia Suprarrenal Congénita en la que se diagnostica de forma incidental un mielolipoma. Conclusiones: Ante lesiones mayores a 5 centímetros, sintomáticas o que sufren algún cambio (clínico o radiológico) durante el seguimiento, se debería considerar el tratamiento quirúrgico con abordaje laparoscópico, el cual sería la mejor opción.

Introduction: Myelolipoma is a benign tumor characterized by the presence of fat and bone marrow elements. We have seen that may be related to elevated levels of ACTH and Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH). Objective: Presentation of a case report. Case report: Female 64 years old with a history of congenital adrenal hyperplasia where incidentally diagnosed myelolipoma. Conclusions: In lesions larger than 5 inches, symptomatic or suffering any change (clinical or radiological) during follow-up, should consider surgical treatment with laparoscopic approach, which would be the best option

Recurrencia y progresión del carcinoma transicional de alto grado superficial de vejiga tratado con Bacilo de Calmette-Guerín (BCG) en lesiones únicas o múltiples / Recurrence and progression of transitional cell carcinoma of high - grade surface treated with bacillus Calmette - Guerin (BCG) in single or multiple lesions

Introducción: El carcinoma transicional de vejiga ocupa el segundo lugar en frecuencia, detrás del adenocarcinoma de la próstata, dentro de los tumores malignos del tracto genitourinario. Entre el 75-85% de los pacientes afectos de carcinoma vesical se presentan en formas confinadas a la mucosa o a la submucosa. Son los considerados carcinomas superficiales de vejiga y se estima que entre el 10-20% de ellos su evolución es hacia formas clínicas invasoras músculo-infiltrantes y un 50-70% evolucionaránhacia la recurrencia de la enfermedad. Objetivo: Evaluar la incidencia de la recurrencia y progresión en pacientes con Carcinoma en estadio T1 tratados con BCG, teniendo en cuenta la uni o multifocalidad de las lesiones vesicales al diagnóstico. Materiales y métodos: Criterios de inclusión: Paciente con diagnóstico de carcinoma transicional de vejiga de alto grado superficial de Febrero del 2010 a Agosto del 2014, con un seguimiento de al menos 12 meses. Tratados conBCG endocavitario. Los criterios de exclusión fueron; controles cistoscópicos irregulares, ciclos incompletos de BCG y seguimiento menor a 12 meses. Resultados: 81 HC; Grupo “A” con lesión única, 54 pacientes (66.7%) y Grupo “B” con dos o más lesiones, 27 pacientes (33.3%). Grupo “A” 50 % de recurrencia, 16,6 % de progresión y 33,4 % libres de enfermedad. Grupo “B” 66,6 % de recurrencia, 18,6 % de progresión y 14,8 % libres de enfermedad Conclusión: La inmunoterapia intravesical con BCG después de la resección transuretral completa de una lesión por un carcinoma transicional de vejiga de alto grado superficial, se considera un tratamiento con resultados aceptables.

Introduction: The transitional bladder cell carcinoma is the secondone in frequency after the adenocarcinoma of prostate, withinmalignant tumors of the genitourinary tract. Between 75-85% ofpatients with bladder carcinoma are presented in ways confined tothe mucous membrane or submucous. These are consideredsuperficial bladder carcinomas and it is estimated that between 10-20% of them evolution is toward muscle-invasive clinical forms andevolve towards 50-70% recurrence of the disease.Objectives: To evaluate the incidence of recurrence andprogression in patients with carcinoma stage T1 treated with(BCG), taking into account the uni or multifocal lesions of bladderdiagnosis.Material and methods: Inclusion criteria: Patient diagnosed withtransitional bladder cell carcinoma of high-grade surface fromFebruary 2010 to August 2014, with a follow up of at least 12months treated with endocavity BCG. Exclusion criteria were;irregular cystoscopic controls, incomplete cycles of BCG and lowertrack of 12 months.Results: HC 81 was obtained; Group "A" with single lesion, 54patients (66.7%) and Group "B" with two or more lesions, 27patients (33.3%). Group "A": 50% of recurrence, 16.6% of disease progression and 33.4% of free disease. Group "B": 66.6% of recurrence, 18.6% of disease progression and 14.8% of freedisease Conclusion: Intravesical immunotherapy with BCG after completetransurethral resection of a lesion, by a transitional bladdercarcinoma of grade high surface, is considered a treatment with acceptable results.

Fascitis necrotizante perineal: Gangrena de Fournier / Perineal necrotizing fasciitis: Fournier's gangrene

La gangrena de Fournier o fascitis necrotizante perineal es una entidad infecciosa que afecta las fascias perineales y/o sus dependencias. Es prevalente en hombres de la 5ta o 6tadécada de su vida, y es más común en diabéticos, obesos, enolistas o inmunodeprimidos. El sostén metabólico, la antibioticoterapia, eldebridamiento de tejidos necróticos y la reparación de tejidos son los pilares del tratamiento. Reporte de casos: En el presente artículo presentamos unarevisión bibliográfica de esta enfermedad, y presentamos 3 casos dediferente resolución en nuestro hospital, a modo de ejemplo, con susrespectivos registros fotográficos. Discusión: La fascitis necrotizante perineal es una grave entidad infecciosa que requiere diagnóstico temprano, tratamiento oportuno multidisciplinario y reconstrucción de tejidos según el caso, para lo cual existen varias opciones...

Fournier's gangrene or perineal necrotizing fasciitis is an infectious entity affecting perineal fascias and / or its dependencies. It is more prevalent in men in the 5th or 6thdecade of life and is more common in diabetics, obese, alcoholics or immunodeppressed. Metabolic support, antibiotic therapy, debridement of necrotic tissue and tissue repair arethekey of treatment. Cases Report: In this article we present a literature review of the disease and present 3 cases of different resolution in ourhospital, as examples, with their photographic records. Discussion: The perineal necrotizing fasciitis is aseriousinfectious entity that requires early diagnosis, early multidisciplinary treatment and tissue reconstruction according to case, for which there are several options...

[What a primary health care is: some considerations after almost thirty five years of Alma-Ata]. / Lo que es la atención primaria de la salud: algunas consideraciones a casi treinta y cinco años de Alma-Ata.

Primary health care was conceived in the 70s as a comprehensive, joint and inclusive strategy to achieve the goal of "Health for Everyone". It was the result of important social, political and economic changes which occurred at global level back in those years and which persist until now. Due to an unfortunate combination of words, Primary Healthcare has been mistakenly understood by many as "healthcare at the basic level" or the "provision of basic, and hence insufficient services to the poorest", wrong concepts that contribute to the current social and health inequalities. This article explains what primary healthcare is and what it is not in order to address the subject in its real context.

Lo que es la atención primaria de la salud: algunas consideraciones a casi treinta y cinco años de Alma-Ata / What a primary health care is: some considerations after almost thirty five years of Alma-Ata

La atención primaria de la salud fue concebida en la década de los 70 como una estrategia política para lograr la meta social de “Salud para todos”. Respondió a importantes cambios en los terrenos social, político y económico que ocurrieron a nivel global después la segunda guerra mundial, y que siguen ocurriendo hasta la actualidad. Por una desafortunada mala traducción del inglés al español y una errada interpretación de términos, la atención primaria de la salud ha sido malentendida por muchos como “atención en el nivel primario de salud” o como la “dotación de un paquete de prestaciones básicas pero insuficientes a los más pobres”, conceptos erróneos que mantienen las inaceptables inequidades sociales y de salud que hoy seguimos sufriendo. Este artículo explicita lo que es y lo que no es la atención primaria de la salud para abordar el tema desde su verdadero contexto, y hacia su verdadero norte.

Primary health care was conceived in the 70s as a comprehensive, joint and inclusive strategy to achieve the goal of “Health for Everyone”. It was the result of important social, political and economic changes which occurred at global level back in those years and which persist until now. Due to an unfortunate combination of words, Primary Healthcare has been mistakenly understood by many as “healthcare at the basic level” or the “provision of basic, and hence insufficient services to the poorest”, wrong concepts that contribute to the current social and health inequalities. This article explains what primary healthcare is and what it is not in order to address the subject in its real context.

Resultados comparativos en el tratamiento del cáncer de próstata localizado con intención curativa / Comparative results in the treatment with curative intent of localized prostate cancer

Introducción: El cáncer de próstata es la segunda causa de muerte por cáncer en los hombres. La determinación del Antígeno Prostático Específico (PSA) que permite detectar muchos tumores órgano-confinados, que hasta hace pocos años pasaban desapercibidos, ha llevado a la migración del diagnóstico hacia estadios más precoces de la enfermedad. La prostatectomía radical ha sido considerada tradicionalmente el tratamiento preferente para el cáncer de próstata localizado en los hombres con una esperanza de vida de 10 años o más. La radioterapia externa (RT) también se ha utilizado extensamente, principalmente en aquellos pacientes no pasibles a ser sometidos a procedimientos invasivos mayores por su elevado riesgo quirúrgico. Tanto la cirugía como la radioterapia externa han obtenido buenos resultados en el control del cáncer de próstata a largo plazo de acuerdo a series publicadas. Sin embargo parecería ser que la prostatectomia radical arrojado mejores resultados en función al periodo libre de enfermedad hasta evidenciarse progresión de la enfermedad. Objetivos: Comparar resultados obtenidos de la evolución de los pacientes con diagnostico de cáncer de próstata en estadio clínico localizado, que fueron tratados por una u otra modalidad. La comparación se realizo en función al periodo libre de enfermedad hasta presentar recidiva de enfermedad, ante pacientes del mismo grupo de riesgo. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, analítico y documental de las historias clínicas de 139 pacientes con diagnostico de cáncer de próstata órgano confinado en el período comprendido entre marzo del 2001 y junio del 2010. Los pacientes fueron tratados quirúrgicamente o recibieron radioterapia conformada externa con una radiación promedio de7030 Gy (6500-7560 Gy). Con una edad promedio de 67 años y un seguimiento entre 12 meses y 9 años. Se valoro el periodo transcurrido libre de progresión de enfermedad hasta presentar recaída bioquímica...(AU)

Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in men. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) determination can be used to detect organ confined tumors in earlier stages of disease. Radical prostatectomy has traditionallybeen considered as the preferred treatment for localized prostate cancer in men with life expectancy over 10 years. External radiation therapy (RT) has also been used extensively,mainly in patients with high surgical risk. Both surgery and radiotherapy have been successful in controlling prostate cancer, according to published series, but radical prostatectomy yielded better results according to disease free period. Objectives: To compare obtained results from the evolution of patients diagnosed with localizes prostate cancer, treated byeither modality. The comparison was carried out according to disease free interval until disease recurrence.Material and methods: A retrospective and documentary analysis was realized between March 2001 and June 2010,including 139 patients diagnosed with localized prostate cancer. The patients were treated surgically or with external radiotherapy, receiving a mean of 7030 Gy radiation (6500-7560 Gy). Patientshave a mean age of 67 years and have been monitored between 12 months and 9 years. Time elapsed free of disease progression without biochemical relapse were analyzed. Each treatment modality was compared with patients who have the same risk.Results: In low risk patients (55), 18 underwent surgical treatment, of which 16,6% observed biochemical recurrence...(AU)

Resultados comparativos en el tratamiento del cáncer de próstata localizado con intención curativa / Comparative results in the treatment with curative intent of localized prostate cancer

Introducción: El cáncer de próstata es la segunda causa de muerte por cáncer en los hombres. La determinación del Antígeno Prostático Específico (PSA) que permite detectar muchos tumores órgano-confinados, que hasta hace pocos años pasaban desapercibidos, ha llevado a la migración del diagnóstico hacia estadios más precoces de la enfermedad. La prostatectomía radical ha sido considerada tradicionalmente el tratamiento preferente para el cáncer de próstata localizado en los hombres con una esperanza de vida de 10 años o más. La radioterapia externa (RT) también se ha utilizado extensamente, principalmente en aquellos pacientes no pasibles a ser sometidos a procedimientos invasivos mayores por su elevado riesgo quirúrgico. Tanto la cirugía como la radioterapia externa han obtenido buenos resultados en el control del cáncer de próstata a largo plazo de acuerdo a series publicadas. Sin embargo parecería ser que la prostatectomia radical arrojado mejores resultados en función al periodo libre de enfermedad hasta evidenciarse progresión de la enfermedad. Objetivos: Comparar resultados obtenidos de la evolución de los pacientes con diagnostico de cáncer de próstata en estadio clínico localizado, que fueron tratados por una u otra modalidad. La comparación se realizo en función al periodo libre de enfermedad hasta presentar recidiva de enfermedad, ante pacientes del mismo grupo de riesgo. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, analítico y documental de las historias clínicas de 139 pacientes con diagnostico de cáncer de próstata órgano confinado en el período comprendido entre marzo del 2001 y junio del 2010. Los pacientes fueron tratados quirúrgicamente o recibieron radioterapia conformada externa con una radiación promedio de7030 Gy (6500-7560 Gy). Con una edad promedio de 67 años y un seguimiento entre 12 meses y 9 años. Se valoro el periodo transcurrido libre de progresión de enfermedad hasta presentar recaída bioquímica...

Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in men. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) determination can be used to detect organ confined tumors in earlier stages of disease. Radical prostatectomy has traditionallybeen considered as the preferred treatment for localized prostate cancer in men with life expectancy over 10 years. External radiation therapy (RT) has also been used extensively,mainly in patients with high surgical risk. Both surgery and radiotherapy have been successful in controlling prostate cancer, according to published series, but radical prostatectomy yielded better results according to disease free period. Objectives: To compare obtained results from the evolution of patients diagnosed with localizes prostate cancer, treated byeither modality. The comparison was carried out according to disease free interval until disease recurrence.Material and methods: A retrospective and documentary analysis was realized between March 2001 and June 2010,including 139 patients diagnosed with localized prostate cancer. The patients were treated surgically or with external radiotherapy, receiving a mean of 7030 Gy radiation (6500-7560 Gy). Patientshave a mean age of 67 years and have been monitored between 12 months and 9 years. Time elapsed free of disease progression without biochemical relapse were analyzed. Each treatment modality was compared with patients who have the same risk.Results: In low risk patients (55), 18 underwent surgical treatment, of which 16,6% observed biochemical recurrence...

Spontaneous subdural hematoma of the thoracolumbar region with massive recurrent bleed.

Spinal subdural hematoma is a rare disorder and can be caused by abnormalities of coagulation, blood dyscrasias, lumbar puncture, trauma, underlying neoplasm, and arteriovenous malformation. We discuss an unusual case of an elderly woman who presented with spontaneous spinal subdural hematoma and developed massive rebleeding on the third day following initial evacuation of hematoma. This case illustrates that a patient with routine normal coagulation profile and adequate hemostasis can still harbor platelet dysfunction (in present case due to polycythemia) and later on can manifest as rebleeding and neurological deterioration.