Healthy Eating for Life English as a second language curriculum: applying the RE-AIM framework to evaluate a nutrition education intervention targeting cancer risk reduction.

Medically underserved US immigrants are at an increased risk for death from preventable or curable cancers due to economic, cultural, and/or linguistic barriers to medical care. The purpose of this study was to describe the evaluation of the pilot study of the Healthy Eating for Life (HE4L) English as a second language curriculum. The Reach, Effectiveness Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance (RE-AIM) model was used to design a mixed-methods approach to the evaluation of the HE4L curriculum. Successful implementation was dependent upon enthusiastic teacher and manager support of the curriculum, teachers' ability to flexibly apply the curriculum to meet student needs, and researcher provision of curriculum workbooks. HE4L can be implemented successfully in various adult education settings to teach healthy eating behaviors and English language principles. Scale-up of HE4L may depend on the development of an online version of the curriculum to avoid the costs associated with printing and distributing curriculum materials.

Relationship between wetlands and mercury in brook trout.

The purpose of this study was to determine if wetlands influence mercury concentrations in brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), benthic macroinvertebrates, and stream water. On September 26, 2005, water samples, benthic macroinvertebrates, and brook trout were collected from four streams in western Maryland under low-flow conditions. Water samples were also collected in these four streams under high-flow conditions in January 2006. The watersheds of Blue Lick and Monroe Run did not contain wetlands, but the watersheds of the Upper Savage River (3% of upstream area) and Little Savage River (7% of upstream area) contained wetlands. We found significantly (p = 0.05) higher average total mercury concentration in brook trout from Little Savage River (129 +/- 54 ng g(-1)); intermediate concentrations (66 +/- 19 ng g(-1)) in brook trout from Upper Savage River; and lowest concentrations in brook trout from Blue Lick (28 +/- 11 ng g(-1)) and Monroe Run (23 +/- 19 ng g(-1)). Brook trout in all streams accumulated mercury at the same rate over their lifetimes, but the youngest fish had significantly different mercury concentrations (Little Savage > Upper Savage > Blue Lick = Monroe Run), which may be due to differences in mercury concentrations in the eggs or food for the fry. Mercury concentrations in brook trout were not consistent with mercury concentrations in stream water and benthic macroinvertebrates. The Little Savage River had significantly higher total and methylmercury concentrations in stream water, but mercury concentrations in the other streams and in the benthic macroinvertebrates were not significantly different among streams. The unusually high methylmercury concentrations (0.5 to 2.1 ng L(-1)) in the Little Savage River may have been caused by production of methylmercury in the pools. The relatively low methylmercury concentrations in the Upper Savage River may be caused by a mercury concentration gradient downstream of the wetland.