Efectividad del tratamiento ambulatorio con hierro intravenoso en pacientes seleccionados de atención primaria / Effectiveness of outpatient treatment with intravenous iron in selected primary Care patients

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Influencia del sexo, la edad y la altitud de residencia en los niveles de hemoglobina y la prevalencia de anemia / Influence of gender, age and residence altitude on haemoglobin levels and the prevalence of anaemia

Introducción: Existen lagunas respecto a los niveles normativos de hemoglobina y la prevalencia de anemia en nuestro entorno y en determinados subgrupos de población. Objetivos: Examinar los valores medios de hemoglobina en una región española de orografía montañosa, según sexo, rango de edad y altitud de residencia, y la predicción de anemia según umbrales de la OMS y otras propuestas. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal de todos los pacientes > 14 años del Sector Huesca con ≥ 1 analítica en los 5 años de inclusión; análisis multivariado para determinar la influencia de los factores demográficos en los valores de hemoglobina. Resultados: Se incluyeron 583.856 informes analíticos de 90.800 pacientes (cobertura 89,1%) residentes entre 281 y 1.305 metros de altitud: 54,6% mujeres; edad media 52,6 años. Hemoglobina media: 14,1 g/dl (hombres:15,0/mujeres:13,4). Prevalencia de anemia: 8,99% (hombres: 7,8%/mujeres: 10,0%). Resultó más frecuente en mujeres (1,6 veces), y aumentaba llamativamente con la edad: > 65 años: 16,5%; ≥ 75 años: 21,7%; ≥ 80 años: 25,7%; > 90 años: 35%. Aumentaba 1,02 veces por cada año, y 0,99 veces por cada metro de altitud. En residentes a ≥ 1.000 m, descendía a la mitad. Conclusiones: Se obtuvieron datos de subpoblaciones previamente poco descritas; la anemia en población mayor requiere consideración. La influencia de la altitud no parece suficientemente abordada con la corrección de la OMS. Se deben plantear estudios amplios para definir criterios apropiados para edades avanzadas y residentes en altura en España, pues ambos grupos constituyen una proporción importante, para evitar incurrir potencialmente en infradiagnóstico de anemia y supradiagnóstico de otras patologías

Introduction: There are gaps in our knowledge of the normative levels of haemoglobin and the prevalence of anaemia in our geographical area, and in certain population subgroups. Objectives: To study the mean values of haemoglobin in a mountainous Spanish region, according to sex, age range and residence altitude, and the prediction of anaemia according to the WHO thresholds and other proposals. Material and methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study of all patients aged >14 residents in the Huesca healthcare Sector with ≥1 laboratory report in the 5 years of inclusion; multivariate analysis to determine the influence of demographic factors on haemoglobin values. Results: 583,856 laboratory reports of 90,800 patients (coverage 89.1%) residing between 281 and 1305 meters: 54.6% female; mean age 52.6 years. Hb mean: 14.1 g/dl (males:15.0/females:13.4). Prevalence of anaemia: 8.99% (males: 7.8%/females:10.0%). It was more frequent in women (1.6 times) and increased markedly with age: >65 years:16.5%; ≥75 years: 21.7%; ≥80 years: 25.7%; >90 years 35%. It increased 1.02 times per year, and 0.99 times per meter of altitude. In residents ≥1000 m, anaemia prevalence fell by half. Conclusions: We obtained data from sub-populations that were previously not well described; anaemia in the elderly requires consideration. The influence of altitude does not seem to be fully considered within the correction framework proposed by WHO. Broader studies should be planned in order to obtain adequate parameters for the elderly and residents at high altitudes in Spain, as both groups represent an important proportion of the population, to avoid potential underdiagnosis of anaemia and overdiagnosis of other pathologies

Respuesta: Atención compartida en pacientes pluripatológicos: a propósito del hierro intravenoso / Reply: Shared care in polypathological patients: about intravenous iron

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Anciano y anemia: revisión crítica de su definición y prevalencia / Anaemia and the elderly: critical review of its definition and prevalence

Antecedentes y objetivos: La prevalencia de anemia es un importante indicador sanitario, a pesar de lo cual en nuestro país hay poca información rigurosa recopilada al respecto en población anciana, especialmente en mayores de 80 años. De forma habitual se utiliza el mismo criterio para definir anemia en población anciana que en población general, aunque los datos epidemiológicos recogidos por la OMS en 1968, sobre la base de los cuales se generalizó dicho criterio, no incluían a mayores de 65 años. Nos planteamos dos objetivos. Por un lado, realizar una revisión crítica sobre si la validez del criterio usado para definir anemia en población adulta es extrapolable al adulto anciano. Por otro, revisar las publicaciones sobre prevalencia de anemia en ancianos mayores de 80 años. Material y métodos: Búsqueda bibliográfica sistemática sobre los objetivos planteados. Resultados: Aunque se utiliza de forma generalizada los criterios basados en datos de la OMS de 1968, diferentes autores han propuesto otros valores diagnósticos para población anciana. Hemos encontrado 20 estudios, realizados en Norteamérica y Europa, con solo 70.000 pacientes, y criterios de edad dispares. La prevalencia de la anemia oscila en estos estudios entre el 3 y el 63%, dependiendo del criterio diagnóstico utilizado, los rangos de edad estudiados y si eran institucionalizados o no. Conclusiones: La anemia es un enfermedad muy prevalente en pacientes de edad avanzada. Es necesaria la recogida de bases de datos amplias de población anciana para determinar unos criterios diagnósticos más adecuados

Background and objectives: The prevalence of anaemia is an important health indicator, although there is little rigorous information gathered on the elderly population, particularly in those over 80 years old. The same criteria that are used in the general population are often used to define anaemia in the elderly. The epidemiological data collected by the WHO in 1968 (that have been used to generalise this criteria), did not include the population over 65 years-old. Two objectives are established, which includes a critical review of the available evidence on whether the criteria used to define anaemia in the adult population can be extrapolated to the elderly, and a review of publications on the prevalence of anaemia in the elderly over 80 years-old. Material and methods: A systematic bibliographic search was performed on the established objectives. Results: Although the WHO criteria, based on data from 1968, are widely used, other possible cut-off points have been proposed for elderly people. A total of 20 studies were found that were conducted in North America and Europe, with only 70,000 patients, and different age criteria. The prevalence of anaemia ranges between 3% and 63%, depending on the diagnostic criteria, age, and whether they were institutionalised or not. Conclusions: Anaemia is a very prevalent disease in elderly patients. The collection of large databases is necessary to determine more adequate diagnostic criteria

[Anaemia and the elderly: Critical review of its definition and prevalence]. / Anciano y anemia: revisión crítica de su definición y prevalencia.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The prevalence of anaemia is an important health indicator, although there is little rigorous information gathered on the elderly population, particularly in those over 80 years old. The same criteria that are used in the general population are often used to define anaemia in the elderly. The epidemiological data collected by the WHO in 1968 (that have been used to generalise this criteria), did not include the population over 65 years-old. Two objectives are established, which includes a critical review of the available evidence on whether the criteria used to define anaemia in the adult population can be extrapolated to the elderly, and a review of publications on the prevalence of anaemia in the elderly over 80 years-old. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A systematic bibliographic search was performed on the established objectives. RESULTS: Although the WHO criteria, based on data from 1968, are widely used, other possible cut-off points have been proposed for elderly people. A total of 20 studies were found that were conducted in North America and Europe, with only 70,000 patients, and different age criteria. The prevalence of anaemia ranges between 3% and 63%, depending on the diagnostic criteria, age, and whether they were institutionalised or not. CONCLUSIONS: Anaemia is a very prevalent disease in elderly patients. The collection of large databases is necessary to determine more adequate diagnostic criteria.

Influence of gender, age and residence altitude on haemoglobin levels and the prevalence of anaemia. / Influencia del sexo, la edad y la altitud de residencia en los niveles de hemoglobina y la prevalencia de anemia.

INTRODUCTION: There are gaps in our knowledge of the normative levels of haemoglobin and the prevalence of anaemia in our geographical area, and in certain population subgroups. OBJECTIVES: To study the mean values of haemoglobin in a mountainous Spanish region, according to sex, age range and residence altitude, and the prediction of anaemia according to the WHO thresholds and other proposals. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross-sectional descriptive study of all patients aged >14 residents in the Huesca healthcare Sector with ≥1 laboratory report in the 5 years of inclusion; multivariate analysis to determine the influence of demographic factors on haemoglobin values. RESULTS: 583,856 laboratory reports of 90,800 patients (coverage 89.1%) residing between 281 and 1305 meters: 54.6% female; mean age 52.6 years. Hb mean: 14.1 g/dl (males:15.0/females:13.4). Prevalence of anaemia: 8.99% (males: 7.8%/females:10.0%). It was more frequent in women (1.6 times) and increased markedly with age: >65 years:16.5%; ≥75 years: 21.7%; ≥80 years: 25.7%; >90 years 35%. It increased 1.02 times per year, and 0.99 times per meter of altitude. In residents ≥1000 m, anaemia prevalence fell by half. CONCLUSIONS: We obtained data from sub-populations that were previously not well described; anaemia in the elderly requires consideration. The influence of altitude does not seem to be fully considered within the correction framework proposed by WHO. Broader studies should be planned in order to obtain adequate parameters for the elderly and residents at high altitudes in Spain, as both groups represent an important proportion of the population, to avoid potential underdiagnosis of anaemia and overdiagnosis of other pathologies.