Diabetes mortality and causes of death in Benghazi: a 5-year retrospective analysis of death certificates.

A retrospective study of death certificates from 2000 to 2004 was made to estimate the contribution of diabetes to total mortality in Benghazi, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, and to study the causes of death among diabetics (coded using the International Classification of Diseases). Of 12 237 death certificates, 1482 (12.1%) mentioned diabetes. Of these, diabetes was recorded as the underlying cause in 5.1% of deaths and a contributory cause in 94.9%. The most frequent single causes of death for diabetics were: coronary artery disease (32.7%), cerebrovascular accident (20.1%), infections (14.0%), malignancies (7.7%), acute complications of diabetes (7.3%) and chronic renal failure (6.6%). Among multiple causes of death, circulatory diseases were mentioned on 46.2% of death certificates.

Diabetes mortality and causes of death in Benghazi: a 5-year retrospective analysis of death certificates

A retrospective study of death certificates from 2000 to 2004 was made to estimate the contribution of diabetes to total mortality in Benghazi, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, and to study the causes of death among diabetics [coded using the International Classification of Diseases]. Of 12 237 death certificates, 1482 [12.1%] mentioned diabetes. Of these, diabetes was recorded as the underlying cause in 5.1% of deaths and a contributory cause in 94.9%. The most frequent single causes of death for diabetics were: coronary artery disease [32.7%], cerebrovascular accident [20.1%], infections [14.0%], malignancies [7.7%], acute complications of diabetes [7.3%] and chronic renal failure [6.6%]. Among multiple causes of death, circulatory diseases were mentioned on 46.2% of death certificates

Profile of diabetes health care at Benghazi Diabetes Centre, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya.

The aim of this study was to assess the standards of care and patients' knowledge and practices at Benghazi Diabetes Centre, the largest diabetes registry in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya. A sample of 805 attending patients was interviewed over 2 months in 2002. Overall, 48.3% had never had blood pressure checked and 14.2% had never had a fundus examination and none had ever had glycosylated haemoglobin estimation. Only 2.4% of type 1 diabetics used a glucometer and 8.0% of all diabetics used urine sticks. Many patients were not compliant with treatment and were ignorant about hypoglycaemia symptoms or the complications of diabetes. Better continuing care and better education is needed for diabetic patients in this clinic.

Profile of diabetes health care at Benghazi Diabetes Centre, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

The aim of this study was to assess the standards of care and patients' knowledge and practices at Benghazi Diabetes Centre, the largest diabetes registry in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya. A sample of 805 attending patients was interviewed over 2 months in 2002. Overall, 48.3% had never had blood pressure checked and 14.2% had never had a fundus examination and none had ever had glycosylated haemoglobin estimation. Only 2.4% of type 1 diabetics used a glucometer and 8.0% of all diabetics used urine sticks. Many patients were not compliant with treatment and were ignorant about hypoglycaemia symptoms or the complications of diabetes. Better continuing care and better education is needed for diabetic patients in this clinic

Incidence of type 1 diabetes in children (0-14 years) in Benghazi Libya (1991-2000).

BACKGROUND: Incidence of Type 1 diabetes in 0-14 year olds in Benghazi (Libya) during the period 1981-1990 was 7.0/10 5. The aim of this study is to report the incidence of Type 1 diabetes in 0-14 year olds in Benghazi Libya during the period 1991-2000. METHODS: Incidence data are based on prospective registration of Type 1 diabetes new cases for the period 1991-2000 in Type 1 register. RESULTS: A total of 276 (males 117, females 159) Type 1 diabetes new cases 0-14 years of age were identified during the period 1.01.1991-31.12.2000. Completeness of ascertainment was 100%. The average annual incidence per year was 7.8/100,000 population (95% CI 6.91-8.78). The standardized incidence rate (World standard) was 8.3/100,000 (95% CI 7.36-9.35). There was excess risk for females (9.1 95% CI 7.77-10.65) versus males (6.6 95% CI 5.45-7.89) (p<0.001). No significant temporal trend was observed, yet there was an increase in incidence rate over that reported for the period 1981-1990 (7.8 vs 7.0). Seasonal variation in incidence was significant. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the incidence of Type 1 diabetes in Benghazi is in the middle of the worldwide range close to the incidence in Mediterranean countries.

Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in Benghazi Libya.

OBJECTIVES: To assess, by a house to house study, the prevalence of diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and their associated risk factors in Benghazi, Libya using 75 gram oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and ADA 1997 and WHO 1998 diagnostic criteria. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A multistage cluster sampling was used to select the study population. A total of 314 men and 554 women underwent a standard 75 grams OGTT. The response rate was 77.7% for males and 89.2% for females. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of IGT was 8.5% (95% confidence interval (CI) 5.8 - 11.3) (men 8.6% 95% CI 7.7-9.6, women 8.5% 95% CI 5.0 -11.9), and that of diabetes was 14.1% (95% CI 10.9-17.1) (men 16.3% 95% CI 14.5-18.3 women 13.0% 95% CI 10.0 - 16.1). Diabetes was present in 19.4% (95% CI 15.4-20.5) (men 22.7% 95% CI 20.2-25.4, women 17.6% 95% CI 14.1-19.1) in 30-64 years age range. Prevalence of diabetes was slightly higher in urban than in rural areas (14.5% vs 13.5%). The prevalence of newly diagnosed diabetes in urban and rural areas were 3.6% and 7.3% respectively and that of known diabetes were 10.9% and 6.3% respectively. Associated risk factors with diabetes and IGT were age, family history of diabetes, hypertension, BMI, WHR and serum cholesterol. CONCLUSION: Diabetes is emerging as an important public health problem in Libya and should rank very high in the priority list of health planners.

Incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Benghazi, Libya (1991-1995).

This report concerns the incidence rate of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in the 0-14 year age group in Benghazi, Libya. Incidence data are based on prospective registration of patients as part of the WHO Diamond Project from 1991 to 1995. A total of 126 IDDM incident cases (73 girls, 53 boys) were identified during this 5-year period. All patients were Libyan Arab Benghazi residents. Case ascertainment was 100%. The overall yearly incidence was 8.1 cases/100,000 population (95%, CI 6.8-9.7). Incidence was slightly higher in girls (9.5, CI 7.5-12.0) than in boys (6.7, CI 5.1-8.8). Incidence rates increased steadily with age in both sexes and were slightly higher than those reported for Benghazi during the period 1981 to 1990 (girls 7.8, boys 6.3, both sexes 7.0). Annual variation of incidence was not significant, whereas seasonality of onset was significant (P < 0.05). The study shows that IDDM is as frequent in Libya as in other Mediterranean countries.