RESUMO
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers and, as such, is important for public health. The increased incidence of this neoplasm is attributed to non-modifiable controls such as family history and modifiable variable behavioral risk factors involved in lifestyle like diets in Mexico. The presence of these factors is unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate family history and lifestyle factors associated with developing colorectal cancer in a Mexican population. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression were used to estimate the adjusted odds ratios (OR), as well as the 95% confidence intervals (CI). In this paper, significant differences were demonstrated between cases and controls. A family history of cancer (FHC) increased the probability of CRC [OR = 3.19 (95% CI: 1.81-5.60)]. The area of urban residence was found to be a protective factor compared to the rural area. This was also the case for frequent consumption of fruits [OR = 0.49 (95% CI: 0.28-0.88)], the frequent consumption of beef [OR = 2.95 (95% CI: 1.05-8.26)], pork [OR = 3.26 (95% CI: 1.34-7.90)], and region-typical fried food [OR = 2.79 (95% CI (1.32-5.89)]. These results provide additional evidence supporting the association of some CRC risk factors with family history of cancer, low fruit consumption, high consumption of red meat, and fried foods typical of the region of México. It is important to establish intervention methods, as well as genetic counseling to relatives of patients with CRC.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Colorretais , Animais , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Bovinos , Neoplasias Colorretais/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Colorretais/genética , Dieta , Hábitos , Humanos , México/epidemiologia , Razão de Chances , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
La parálisis cerebral es la discapacidad física más frecuente de la niñez. A pesar de ello, a menudo se presentan dificultades en su diagnóstico. Se realiza una actualización de la evaluación diagnóstica del niño con parálisis cerebral. El diagnóstico de esta discapacidad es fundamentalmente clínico, lo cual comprende una anamnesia detallada de los factores de riesgo y del desarrollo psicomotor del niño, además del examen neuromotor. Resulta necesaria la aplicación de una serie de instrumentos para determinar el grado de limitación funcional y las alteraciones asociadas. Dentro de los exámenes complementarios, los exámenes neuroimaginológicos son los más importantes en la búsqueda de causas probables y la determinación del momento de la lesión cerebral. Otros exámenes (electroencefalograma, estudios genéticos, metabólicos y de coagulación) tienen indicaciones específicas. Para la evaluación integral de estos niños se requiere del concurso de múltiples especialidades médicas, psicopedagógicas y sociales(AU)
Cerebral palsy is the most frequent physical disability in childhood. In spite of this, it is often difficult to diagnose it. An updating on the diagnostic evaluation of the child with cerebral palsy was provided in this paper. The diagnosis is essentially clinical, which comprises a detailed description of risk factors and the psychomotor development of the affected child in addition to a neuromotor exam. The application of a series of instruments to determine the level of functional limitation and associated disturbances is required. Among the supplementary tests, neuroimaging is the most important to search for likely causes and to determine the moment of cerebral injure. Other tests (electroencephalogram, genetic, metabolic and coagulation studies, etc) have specific indications. For a comprehensive assessment of these children, the participation of many medical, psychoeducational and social specialties is required(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Paralisia Cerebral/diagnóstico , Paralisia Cerebral/etiologia , Exame Neurológico/métodos , Técnicas GenéticasRESUMO
La parálisis cerebral es la discapacidad física más frecuente de la niñez. A pesar de ello, a menudo se presentan dificultades en su diagnóstico. Se realiza una actualización de la evaluación diagnóstica del niño con parálisis cerebral. El diagnóstico de esta discapacidad es fundamentalmente clínico, lo cual comprende una anamnesia detallada de los factores de riesgo y del desarrollo psicomotor del niño, además del examen neuromotor. Resulta necesaria la aplicación de una serie de instrumentos para determinar el grado de limitación funcional y las alteraciones asociadas. Dentro de los exámenes complementarios, los exámenes neuroimaginológicos son los más importantes en la búsqueda de causas probables y la determinación del momento de la lesión cerebral. Otros exámenes (electroencefalograma, estudios genéticos, metabólicos y de coagulación) tienen indicaciones específicas. Para la evaluación integral de estos niños se requiere del concurso de múltiples especialidades médicas, psicopedagógicas y sociales.
Cerebral palsy is the most frequent physical disability in childhood. In spite of this, it is often difficult to diagnose it. An updating on the diagnostic evaluation of the child with cerebral palsy was provided in this paper. The diagnosis is essentially clinical, which comprises a detailed description of risk factors and the psychomotor development of the affected child in addition to a neuromotor exam. The application of a series of instruments to determine the level of functional limitation and associated disturbances is required. Among the supplementary tests, neuroimaging is the most important to search for likely causes and to determine the moment of cerebral injure. Other tests (electroencephalogram, genetic, metabolic and coagulation studies, etc) have specific indications. For a comprehensive assessment of these children, the participation of many medical, psychoeducational and social specialties is required.
