[Occupational risk of acquiring tuberculosis among hospital nursing personnel]. / Risco ocupacional de adquirir tuberculose entre trabalhadores de enfermagem hospitalar.

At hospitals, patients with tuberculosis are attended by several professionals and among them nursing workers. These workers are subjected to the risk of the tuberculosis infection. This study had the objective of investigating the number of nursing workers in a hospital that acquired tuberculosis in a pre-determined period and their general characteristics; to calculate the morbidity coefficient of this disease and discuss the occupational risk among these workers. In one year, health workers presented 3.86 times greater risk, and, in another year, 1.47 times greater risk. In the present study tuberculosis was considered an occupational hazard for hospital nursing workers.

[Work in the life of adolescents: various determinant factors for the early participation in the work market]. / O trabalho na vida dos adolescentes: alguns fatores determinantes para o trabalho precoce.

This study aims at clarifying determinant factors which impel adolescents to work through the comprehension of their reality and of the damages to health caused by the work process. It is a qualitative study based on the historical materialism and on the dialectic hermeneutics methodology. Empirical data were collected from an educational/mediating institution which qualified students for the labor market in Cascavel-PR, Brazil by means of documental analysis and semi-structured interviews. The determinant factors leading to work at an early age were: poverty, social inequality, income concentration, market demand, educational provision, educational standards, family constitution, determinations by the production system and the need for adolescents to have their own income.

[Nursing work and ergonomics]. / O trabalho de enfermagem e a ergonomia.

This text articulates empirical evidence resulting from scientific work with the intention of providing a reflection about the application of ergonomics as a methodological instrument to support improvement of the labor conditions of nursing personnel in hospitals.

[Occupational problems secondary to nursing work in Brazil]. / Alguns problemas ocupacionais decorrentes do trabalho de enfermagem no Brasil.

This study presents some considerations on the situation of Brazilian nursing workers. It is known that these professionals have an idealized conception of their duty. This fact prevents them from being aware of the many occupational risks, accidents and diseases to which they are exposed. The awareness of these professionals, regarding occupational risks, is very important in order to change this picture and enable nursing workers to claim for better work conditions.

[Chemical substances, work and neurologic changes: possible relationships between those variables]. / Substâncias químicas, trabalho e alterações neurológicas: possíveis relações entre estas variáveis.

Authors searched 239 reports of patients admitted in a hospital who carried neurological pathologies with unknown etiologies in order to find the possible relationship between the disease and the occupational use of chemical substances. They found the occupation in 32 reports. 37.50% of the patients worked with agriculture; 34.37% were maids/worked at home; 12.50% were masons; one was a shoemaker, one a saddler; one made furniture and the others worked with machines. Considering their activities, they possibly used chemical substances. Few information relating this utilization and the presented disease showed the reduced importance given to these variables.

[Nursing diagnoses by undergraduate students on hospitalized patients with neurological changes]. / Diagnósticos de enfermagem: atribuição feita por graduandos de enfermagem a pacientes internados com alterações neurológicas.

Diagnostic categories and patterns of human responses were identified in neurologic patients, assisted by nursing undergraduate students who attributed to them nursing diagnoses, according to NANDA's Taxinomy I. The majority of attributed diagnoses refer to the patterns Exchange, Move and Communicate and the minority to the patterns Choose, Receive and Feel. The non attribution of other diagnoses probably occurred due to the lack of emphasis given to them and to students' inexperience. Faculty determinations to develop in the students skills of analysis and synthesis confirm this positive experience.

[Street cleaners: occupational accidents in the city of Ribeirão Preto, State of São Paulo, Brazil]. / Varredores de rua: acidentes de trabalho ocorridos na cidade de Ribeirão Preto, estado de São Paulo, Brasil.

The work of street sweepers is to sweep waste materials thrown at public streets. It is considered insalubrious due to the close contact that exposes workers to agents present in the urban waste. As street orderlies perform their duties in an open environment, they are submitted to different types of problems. The purpose of this study is to investigate the registered occupational accidents occurred among street orderlies in the city of Ribeirão Preto, State of São Paulo, during 1993 and 1994. Authors aimed at verifying: the number of works that suffered accidents and the notified occupational accidents; data related to the identification of those accidents at the employer company and specific data regarding the occupational accidents. Therefore, authors analyzed the occupational health reports recorded at the National Institute of Social Security at the Regional Bureau of Health (RBH) and at the employer company. Results were shown to the employers and to the RBH. Authors organized meetings to discuss with them the occupational problems they found.

[The diagnostic process and how to teach it]. / O processo de diagnosticar e o seu ensino.

The subject of the present study is the teaching of the ability of diagnosing to nursing students. It has the general objective of verifying the adequacy of the elaboration of the analysis and synthesis process and its relation to the establishment of nursing diagnosis. After the development of the programmatic content of the Medical Nursing Discipline, students individually elaborated, facing a hypothetic situation, the diagnosis process (RISNER, 1986), obtaining a total of 106 diagnosis formulations (Taxonomy I of North American Nursing Diagnosis Association). The major difficulties were in the areas of "the establishment of relations and "data clustering". Authors suggest the stimulation of the development of the process of thinking inherent to analysis and synthesis since the beginning of undergraduate course.

[Patients with cardiac disorders: diagnostic profile elaborated for nursing students]. / Clientela com alterações cardíacas: perfil diagnóstico elaborado por alunos de enfermagem.

The present study aimed at searching patterns of human responses and diagnoses categories identified by 16 undergraduate nursing students in 22 patients with cardiac alterations admitted in a School Hospital. 77 Nursing Diagnoses (ND) were found, 72.7% in the pattern of EXCHANGING, 7.7% in the pattern of MOVING, 6.4% in the pattern of FEELING and 2.5% in the pattern of RELATING. The predominant diagnoses categories were: knowledge deficit (9%), decreased cardiac output (7.7%), fluid volume excess (6.4%), altered nutrition less than body requirements (6.4%) and high risk for infection (5.1%).

[The trash collection service: occupational risks versus damages to health]. / O serviço dos coletores de lixo: riscos ocupacionais versus agravos à saúde.

The authors studied the kind of work a sample of 36 garbage collectors have been doing in a city of the State of São Paulo. A high frequency of occupational accidents and sick-due to health problem and some occupational risks was observed among them, and also that these worker haven't worn the individual protection equipment received, that probably contributes to such number of stop working.

[Horta's model, the NANDA taxonomy and problem-oriented methods as a nursing strategy]. / O modelo de horta, a taxonomia de NANDA e o método de solução de problemas como estratégia na assistência de enfermagem.

In this study we used Horta's theoretical framework to orientate the nursing practice. After the initial assessment to identify the affected needs we proceeded the identification of nursing diagnosis using NANDA's (North American Nursing Diagnosis Association) proposed taxonomy. This adaptation of Horta's model permitted nursing care planning (goals and objectives). After this step the problem-oriented methodology was used as an strategy for nursing care. This model was used with a hospitalized patient, identifying: alteration of affected needs, five nursing diagnosis to which four goals were delineated and followed by the five steps of the problem oriented methodology (evaluation).

[Culture and perspectives of university extension in Brazilian nursing schools]. / As perspectivas da cultura e extensão nas escolas de enfermagem no Brasil.

The present study focused the development of activities or cultural proposals and university extension in 14 Brazilian Nursing Schools, utilizing an instrument with six open questions, that were analyzed in a descriptive way. Data showed that Nursing Schools develop several cultural and university extension activities. However, these activities are not considered priority in relation to teaching and research.

[Sexually transmitted diseases: concepts, attitudes and perceptions among dustmen]. / Doenças sexualmente transmissíveis: conceitos, atitudes e percepções entre coletores de lixo.

The concepts regarding sexually transmitted diseases (STD) of 41 (63.07%) dustmen of a country town in S. Paulo State, Brazil, are presented in order to provide support for the preparation of health education programmes on STD for this and similar populational groups. The data collected from interviews with these workers show that a considerable number of them have inadequate concepts about STD. These results demonstrate the lack of information and education on this subject, and the need to implement educational activities.

[Educational actions and sexually transmitted diseases]. / Ações educativas e doenças sexualmente transmissíveis.

Some historical aspects concerning the Sexually Transmissible Diseases are presented in this article, as well as the importance of the educational actions for the prevention and control of such diseases and the nurse and other health professional's educative function. The authors also present a sistematical propose of a basic course about Syphilis, Gonorrhoea and AIDS.