Ultra-Wideband Narrow Wall Waveguide-to-Microstrip Transition Using Overlapped Patches.

An ultrawideband rectangular waveguide to microstrip line transition operating at the whole LMDS and Ka band is presented. The transition is based on exciting three overlapped transversal patches that radiate into the narrow wall of the waveguide, making the design feasible to be used in λg/2 spaced phased arrays. Both top-side and bottom-side versions were designed and compared to show their differences. They were validated by means of a manufactured back-to-back (B2B) configuration, with a measured fractional bandwidth of 21.2% (top-side) and 23% (bottom-side). The maximum single transition measured insertion losses were 0.67 dB (top-side) and 0.85 dB (bottom-side) in the whole band of operation.

The long-run effects of religious persecution: Evidence from the Spanish Inquisition.

Religious persecution is common in many countries around the globe. There is little evidence on its long-term effects. We collect data from all across Spain, using information from more than 67,000 trials held by the Spanish Inquisition between 1480 and 1820. This comprehensive database allows us to demonstrate that municipalities of Spain with a history of a stronger inquisitorial presence show lower economic performance, educational attainment, and trust today. The effects persist after controlling for historical indicators of religiosity and wealth, ruling out potential selection bias.

Insuficiencia cardiaca aguda en el anciano: características clínicas y mortalidad según la fracción de eyección ventricular izquierda / Acute heart failure in the elderly: clinical features and mortality according to the left ventricular ejection fraction

Resumen Objetivos: Describir y analizar las características clínicas de la insuficiencia cardiaca en el anciano, así mismo, la influencia en la mortalidad según su fracción de eyección ventricular izquierda. Método: Estudio ecológico multigrupo descriptivo en 115 pacientes hospitalizados por la insuficiencia cardiaca aguda con un período de seguimiento de un año. Según la fracción de eyección ventricular izquierda los pacientes se dividieron en dos grupos (fracción de eyección ventricular izquierda preservada y no preservada, si presentaban ≥ 50% o < 50%, respectivamente). Se recogió la tasa de mortalidad al año del alta hospitalaria y se realizó un análisis de Cox de mortalidad. Resultados: La edad media fue de 83,9 años y el 40% fueron hombres. En 76 (66%) pacientes la fracción de eyección ventricular izquierda era preservada. Al año, 35 pacientes (30,4%) fallecieron. En el grupo de la fracción de eyección ventricular izquierda preservada predominaron más las mujeres y presentaron más comorbilidades como: la hipertensión arterial, la diabetes mellitus, la fibrilación auricular y la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica y por otro lado presentaron menos cardiopatía isquémica. Aunque la mortalidad era mayor en el grupo de la fracción de eyección ventricular izquierda no preservada, no se alcanzaba significación estadística (38,5% vs. 26,3%; p = 0,180). Conclusiones: La mortalidad al año de los pacientes ancianos con insuficiencia cardiaca es alta, así mismo tienen una mayor proporción de la fracción de eyección ventricular izquierda preservada, que a la vez asocia un mayor número de comorbilidades y una tendencia a mayor supervivencia al año con respecto a la fracción de eyección ventricular izquierda no preservada.

Abstract Motivation: To describe and analise the clinical features of heart failure in the elderly, as well as the influence in mortality according to their left ventricular ejection fraction. Method: Ecological multigroup descriptive study in 115 patients who had been hospitalised due to acute heart failure with a one year follow-up period. Depending on their left ventricular ejection fraction, patients were divided into two groups: preserved or non preserved left ventricular ejection fraction, if they showed ≥ 50% or <50%, respectively. Mortality rate one year after discharge was registered and Cox regression model was used for survival analysis. Results: Average age was 83.9 years and 40% were men. The left ventricular ejection fraction was preserved in 76 (66%) of patients. 35 (30.4%) died after one year. The preserved left ventricular ejection fraction group consisted of women predominantly, and they had more comorbidities, such as high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, whereas their incidence of myocardial ischemia was lower. Despite mortality being higher in the non preserved left ventricular ejection fraction group, statistical significance was not reached (38.5% vs. 26.3%; p = 0.180). Conclusions: Mortality rate after one year of old patients with heart failure is high, and they also have a higher proportion of preserved left ventricular ejection fraction, which in turn is associated to a higher number of comorbidities and a higher tendency to survival after one year in comparison to non preserved left ventricular ejection fraction.

Neuropatía desmielinizante y leucoencefalopatía tóxicas en pacientes que toman los productos adelgazantes Thermatrim (R) y Pura Alegría (R) / Toxic demyelinating neuropathy and leukoencephalopathy in patients who take the slimming products Thermatrim (R) and Pura Alegría (R)

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