Eficacia y tolerabilidad de cinitaprida en el tratamiento de los pacientes con dispepsia funcional y vaciamiento gástrico enlentecido / Efficacy and tolerability of cinitapride in the treatment of functional dyspepsia and delayed gastric emptying

Introducción/objetivosLa dispepsia funcional es un trastorno muy frecuente, cuyos mecanismos fisiopatológicos todavía no son bien conocidos y sobre la que los procinéticos parecen tener utilidad. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto procinético de cinitaprida en pacientes con dispepsia funcional tipo dismotilidad y enlentecimiento del vaciamiento gástrico.MétodosDe forma aleatoria, 19 pacientes recibieron 1mg de una solución oral de cinitaprida t.i.d. o placebo durante 4 semanas en dos periodos consecutivos, según un diseño cruzado y a doble ciego. La variable principal fue la media del cambio en el tiempo de vaciamiento gástrico a la mitad respecto al valor basal tras ingesta líquida, a las 4 semanas de tratamiento, cuantificado mediante ecografía de alta resolución en tiempo real.ResultadosAl finalizar el tratamiento, la media del tiempo de vaciamiento gástrico a la mitad disminuyó para ambos tratamientos, sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ellos (p=0,8720). Esta disminución resultó mayor para cinitaprida respecto a placebo (p=0,0169) cuando se analizó a los pacientes con un vaciamiento de leve a moderadamente enlentecido. Para este grupo de pacientes, cinitaprida resultó estadísticamente superior a placebo en el área bajo la curva porcentual del área antral y en el porcentaje de días libres de náuseas. La administración de cinitaprida fue bien tolerada, con un perfil de seguridad comparable a placebo.ConclusionesCinitaprida oral es segura, facilita el vaciamiento gástrico y mejora la sintomatología clínica en pacientes con dispepsia funcional tipo dismotilidad y enlentecimiento del vaciamiento gástrico leve-moderado (AU)

Introduction and objectiveFunctional dyspepsia is a highly common disorder. The physiopathological mechanisms of this entity are not yet completely known and prokinetic drugs seem to be useful. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prokinetic effect of cinitapride in patients with dysmotility-like dyspepsia and delayed gastric emptying.MethodsNineteen patients were randomized to receive 1mg of an oral solution of cinitapride t.i.d or placebo for 4 weeks in two consecutive periods, following a crossover and double-blind design. The main variable was the mean change from baseline after 4 weeks of treatment in gastric-emptying half-time after a liquid test meal, measured by real-time ultrasonography.ResultsAt the end of treatment, the mean gastric-emptying half-time decreased with both treatments, with no statistically significant differences between them (ANOVA, p=0.8720). This decrease was greater for cinitapride than for placebo (ANOVA, p=0.0169) in patients with mild-to-moderate delayed gastric emptying. In this group of patients, cinitapride was also superior to placebo in the percentage AUC of the antral area and the percentage of days free of nausea. Cinitapride was well tolerated, with a safety profile comparable to that of placebo.ConclusionsOral cinitapride is safe and effective in improving gastric emptying and symptoms in patients with dysmotility-like dyspepsia and mild-to-moderate delayed gastric emptying(AU)

[Efficacy and tolerability of cinitapride in the treatment of functional dyspepsia and delayed gastric emptying]. / Eficacia y tolerabilidad de cinitaprida en el tratamiento de los pacientes con dispepsia funcional y vaciamiento gástrico enlentecido.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Functional dyspepsia is a highly common disorder. The physiopathological mechanisms of this entity are not yet completely known and prokinetic drugs seem to be useful. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prokinetic effect of cinitapride in patients with dysmotility-like dyspepsia and delayed gastric emptying. METHODS: Nineteen patients were randomized to receive 1mg of an oral solution of cinitapride t.i.d or placebo for 4 weeks in two consecutive periods, following a crossover and double-blind design. The main variable was the mean change from baseline after 4 weeks of treatment in gastric-emptying half-time after a liquid test meal, measured by real-time ultrasonography. RESULTS: At the end of treatment, the mean gastric-emptying half-time decreased with both treatments, with no statistically significant differences between them (ANOVA, p=0.8720). This decrease was greater for cinitapride than for placebo (ANOVA, p=0.0169) in patients with mild-to-moderate delayed gastric emptying. In this group of patients, cinitapride was also superior to placebo in the percentage AUC of the antral area and the percentage of days free of nausea. Cinitapride was well tolerated, with a safety profile comparable to that of placebo. CONCLUSIONS: Oral cinitapride is safe and effective in improving gastric emptying and symptoms in patients with dysmotility-like dyspepsia and mild-to-moderate delayed gastric emptying.

The efficacy and safety of blonanserin compared with haloperidol in acute-phase schizophrenia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre study.

BACKGROUND: Blonanserin is a novel atypical antipsychotic agent with potent dopamine D(2) and serotonin 5-HT(2) antagonist properties. It may potentially have a lower incidence of adverse events than other antipsychotic agents. OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy and safety of three doses of blonanserin compared with placebo and haloperidol in patients with acute-phase schizophrenia. METHODS: This was a 6-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo- and haloperidol-controlled, international, multicentre study. Patients with an acute exacerbation of their schizophrenia, with a Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) score >/=70 and a Clinical Global Impression - Severity of Illness (CGI-S) score >/=4 ('moderately ill') [with no decrease >/=20% or >/=1 point, respectively, during the wash-out period] were randomized into one of five treatment groups (blonanserin 2.5, 5 or 10 mg, haloperidol 10 mg or placebo once daily). Patients were assessed weekly for clinical efficacy, adverse events, extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) and drug compliance, and were assessed biweekly for other safety variables. RESULTS: All 307 randomized patients received at least one dose of study medication and 228 (74.3%) completed the study. The mean reduction in PANSS total score at week 6 was significantly greater with all active treatments compared with placebo (-12.58; p < 0.001); blonanserin 10 mg was significantly superior to blonanserin 2.5 mg (-30.18 vs -20.6; p < 0.001), but blonanserin 5 mg (-27.19) and haloperidol 10 mg (-28.16) were not. All active treatments showed greater efficacy against the positive symptoms of schizophrenia, and blonanserin (5 and 10 mg) was more effective against the negative symptoms than haloperidol. Blonanserin was well tolerated at all doses and there was no evidence of clinically important weight gain, orthostatic hypotension, corrected QT interval prolongation or clinically relevant changes in laboratory test results. Haloperidol caused persistent elevation in prolactin levels, but this was not seen with any dose of blonanserin throughout the study period. There was a lower incidence of EPS with blonanserin 10 mg (26.6%) than with haloperidol 10 mg (53.3%). CONCLUSION: Blonanserin was effective in the treatment of acute schizophrenia and showed greater efficacy in negative symptoms compared with placebo and haloperidol. Blonanserin was well tolerated and its safety profile compared favourably with haloperidol, particularly with respect to prolactin elevation and EPS frequency.

The prokinetic cinitapride has no clinically relevant pharmacokinetic interaction and effect on QT during coadministration with ketoconazole.

The present clinical trial was designed to evaluate the possible pharmacokinetic and electrocardiographic interactions of the gastroenteric prokinetic drug cinitapride with ketoconazole. The safety and tolerability of the study treatments were also evaluated. After a placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover design, 16 healthy male (n = 8) and female (n = 8) volunteers were randomized into four treatment groups of four subjects (two males and two females): cinitapride (CTP; 1 mg t.i.d.) + ketoconazole (KET; 200 mg b.i.d.), CTP + placebo (PL), PL+KET, and PL+PL. Treatments were given for 7 days with a washout period of 14 days between crossover treatments. Cinitapride is rapidly absorbed after oral administration and is metabolized by the cytochrome P450 CYP3A4 and CYP2C8 isozymes. At steady state, coadministration with ketoconazole, a potent CYP3A4 inhibitor, increased mean C(max,ss) and AUC(tau) by 1.63- and 1.98-fold, respectively. Measurement of mean QTc interval or baseline-corrected QTc intervals on day 7 showed small increases that were due to the effects of ketoconazole alone. Comparing CTP+KET versus PL+KET, the differences between mean increases in the QTc parameters were always less than 2 ms. Finally, no outlier increase of the QTc interval versus baseline >60 ms was identified after any treatment. The study showed that cinitapride, either given alone or after coadministration with ketoconazole 200 mg b.i.d., had no effect on cardiac repolarization as measured by changes in the heart rate-corrected QT interval on the surface electrocardiogram.