Tratamiento a medida en paciente con recurrencia tardía locorregional Hospital Alemán Unidad de Mastología / Tailored treatment in patient with Locoregional late recurrence

Introducción: Entendemos por recurrencia tardía del cáncer de mama (CM) a la enfermedad que aparece nuevamente después de más de 5,10 o incluso más de 20 años. En mujeres con tumores con receptor de estrógeno (RE) positivo y HER2 negativo, al menos la mitad de las recurrencias ocurren luego de 5 años después del diagnóstico primar Las recurrencias posteriores a mastectomía pueden comprometer la pared torácica, la piel o los ganglios linfáticos regionales. Las recurrencias invasivas pueden ser localizadas o difusas e involucrar la piel, los tejidos subcutáneos, la musculatura torácica o el tejido blando extraganglionar. Las recurrencias en los ganglios mamarios interno e infraclavicular son poco frecuentes, alrededor del 1,5%, mas allá de que estos ganglios son el segundo sitio de drenaje linfático en el CM Los tratamientos extendidos y más efectivos contra el CM han aumentado la prevalencia de sobrevivientes a largo plazo y con ello un retraso en el tiempo de recaída, mucho más marcado en los tumores de tipo luminal. En este reporte de caso nos abocamos a este tipo de pacientes, cómo es su diagnóstico y cuáles fueron sus tratamientos. Objetivo: Reportar mediante un caso clínico el manejo individualizado de una paciente con antecedente de CM y recurrencia tardía locorregional(AU)

An occult iatrogenic pneumothorax as a cosmetic procedure complication.

A pneumothorax is the abnormal gas accumulation within the pleural space. We present a case of a patient with an occult iatrogenic pneumothorax who presented with symptomatic anemia that substantially improved after a transfusion, diverting the clinical suspicion. As a result, she developed acute respiratory distress, initially considered secondary to a possible pulmonary embolism vs. fat embolism. After computed tomography confirmed the diagnosis, a chest tube was inserted. This case emphasizes the importance of suspecting pneumothorax secondary to cosmetic procedures and using computed tomography as the first diagnostic tool in complex cases since chest x-rays can miss pneumothorax.

Correlação entre indicadores de desenvolvimento municipal e de saúde bucal em uma mesorregião metropolitana do Brasil / Correlation between municipal development indicators and oral health in a Brazilian metropolitan mesoregion

Resumo Introdução O estudo da relação entre indicadores sociais e indicadores de saúde bucal pode contribuir para a avaliação dos impactos das políticas e ações de saúde. Objetivo Investigar a correlação entre indicadores de desenvolvimento municipal e indicadores de saúde bucal dos municípios integrantes da mesorregião metropolitana de Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil. Método Estudo epidemiológico do tipo ecológico, por meio de dados referentes ao Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal (IDHM) do ano 2010, obtidos no portal Atlas Brasil; Índice Ipardes de Desempenho Municipal (IPDM) dos anos 2015 e 2016, obtidos no portal do Ipardes; e indicadores de saúde bucal dos anos 2015 a 2018, oriundos do SIA/SUS. Posteriormente, foi empregado o teste de correlação de Spearman. Resultados Verificou-se correlação positiva estatisticamente significativa entre indicadores de desenvolvimento municipal e indicadores de primeira consulta odontológica programática no ano de 2017; correlação negativa entre IDHMs e exodontias nos anos de 2015 e 2016; correlação positiva entre IPDMs e procedimentos odontológicos individuais básicos dos anos 2015 a 2018. Conclusão Houve correlação significativa entre os indicadores de desenvolvimento municipal e os indicadores de saúde bucal. Municípios com maiores índices de desenvolvimento proporcionaram maior acesso aos serviços de saúde bucal e menores proporções de exodontias por habitante.

Abstract Background The study of the correlation between social and oral health indicators can contribute to evaluating the impacts of health policies and actions. Objective To investigate the correlation between municipal development indicators and oral health indicators in the metropolitan region of Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. Method Epidemiological study of the ecological type was carried out, using data from the Municipal Human Development Index (MHDI) of the year 2010, obtained from the Atlas Brasil portal; Ipardes Municipal Performance Index (IPDM) of the years 2015 and 2016, obtained from the Ipardes portal; and oral health indicators from 2015 to 2018, from SIA/SUS. Subsequently, the Spearman correlation test was used. Results There was a statistically significant positive correlation between municipal development indicators and indicators of the first programmatic dental consultation in 2017; a negative correlation between MHDI and tooth extractions, in the years 2015 and 2016; a positive correlation between IPDM and basic individual dental procedures from the years 2015 to 2018. Conclusion There was a significant correlation between the municipal development indicators and the oral health indicators. Municipalities with higher development rates provided greater access to oral health services and lower proportions of tooth extractions per inhabitant.

Chryseobacterium Indologenes Sepsis and Acute Renal Failure Secondary to Abdominal Compartment Syndrome in a Confirmed COVID-19 Patient.

Sepsis due to nosocomial pathogens markedly increases morbidity and mortality in the critically ill patient. The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic has increased the number of patients requiring intensive care unit (ICU) in-patient management. Chryseobacterium indologenes (C. indologenes) is a group of multiresistant gram-negative bacteria associated with in-hospital environment and catheter-associated infections of increasing importance in the ICU. SARS-CoV-2 severe infection in the critically ill patient increases the risk of abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) and acute kidney injury (AKI). We hereby report a case of a patient with SARS-CoV-2 severe infection, C. indologenes sepsis, abdominal compartment syndrome, and secondary renal failure.

Implicaciones genéticas y de la biología molecular en el tratamiento quirúrgico del cáncer gástrico / Genetic and Molecular Biology Implications in the Surgical Treatment of Gastric Cancer

RESUMEN El cáncer gástrico es una de las principales causas de muerte por neoplasias en el mundo. Las guías de prácticas clínicas actuales ofrecen modelos de tratamiento que involucran a la cirugía, radioterapia, quimioterapia, inmunoterapia y terapia dirigida a receptores de crecimiento específicos, sin embargo, los aspectos genéticos y de la biología molecular no siempre son tenidos en cuenta en la práctica médica. El objetivo de la presente revisión es articular los aspectos actuales más relevantes de la genética y la biología molecular en relación con el cáncer gástrico, para integrarlos en las guías clínicas de pacientes y familiares con el diagnóstico o con riesgo de padecer este tipo de neoplasia. Para ello se revisaron los avances genéticos y los síndromes relacionados con el cáncer gástrico, clasificaciones moleculares e implicaciones en su manejo. Se utilizaron las bases de datos Google Scholar, Elsevier y PubMed en los últimos 10 años, seleccionándose los de mayor importancia a texto completo desde el punto de vista cualitativo. La integración de antecedentes personales y familiares con elementos genéticos precisan ser tenidos en cuenta en el manejo, diagnóstico y prevención de esta enfermedad. Se sugiere la inclusión de elementos genéticos y moleculares en toda guía de práctica clínica.

ABSTRACT Gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of death from neoplasms in the world. Current clinical practice guidelines offer treatment models that involve surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy and therapy directed at specific growth receptors, however, genetic and molecular biology aspects are not always taken into account in medical practice. The objective of this review is to articulate the most relevant current aspects of genetics and molecular biology in relation to gastric cancer, to integrate them into the clinical guidelines of patients and relatives with the diagnosis or at risk of suffering from this type of neoplasia. For them, genetic advances and syndromes related to gastric cancer, molecular classifications and implications in their management were reviewed. The databases Google Scholar, Elsevier, and PubMed were used in the last 10 years, selecting the most important full-text from a qualitative point of view. The integration of personal and family history with genetic elements needs to be taken into account in the diagnostic management and prevention of this disease. The inclusion of genetic and molecular elements in all clinical practice guidelines is suggested.

Epidemiological profile of patients with preterm premature rupture of membranes at a tertiary hospital in São Paulo, Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To perform a descriptive analysis of preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) cases attended in a tertiary hospital. METHOD: Retrospective analysis of medical records and laboratory tests of patients admitted to a Brazilian tertiary hospital between 2006 and 2011, with a confirmed diagnosis of PPROM and gestational age (GA) at delivery <37 weeks. RESULTS: A total of 299 pregnant women were included in the study. Nine patients evolved to abortion, and 290 pregnant women remained for the final analysis. There was initial diagnostic doubt in 17.6% of the cases. The oligohydramnios rate [amniotic fluid index (AFI) <5] was 27.9% on admission. Chorioamnionitis was initially diagnosed in 10.8% of the patients and was retrospectively confirmed in 22.9% of the samples. The latency period had a mean of 9.1 days. The main reasons for interruption were premature labor (55.2%), GA ≥36 weeks (27.2%), and fetal distress (6.9%). The delivery method was cesarean section in 55% of cases. The mean birth weight was 2,124 grams, and 67% of the neonates had a low birth weight (<2500 g). The GA at delivery averaged 33.5 weeks. The stillbirth rate was 5.3%, and the early neonatal mortality rate was 5.6%. There were complications at delivery in 18% of mothers. CONCLUSION: In one of the few Brazilian reports on the epidemiological profile of PPROM, with GA until 37 weeks and intercurrences generally excluded from assessments (such as twinning and fetal malformations), there is a favorable evolution, with an acceptable rate of complications.

Olfactomedin-like 2 A and B (OLFML2A and OLFML2B) profile expression in the retina of spotted gar (Lepisosteus oculatus) and bioinformatics mining.

Olfactomedin-like (OLFML) proteins are members of the olfactomedin domain-containing secreted glycoprotein (OLF) family. OLFML2A and OLFML2B are representative molecules of these glycoproteins. Olfactomedins are critical for the development and functional organization of the nervous system and retina, which is a highly conserved structure in vertebrates, having almost identical anatomical and physiological characteristics in multiple taxa. Spotted gar, a member of the Lepisosteidae family, is a freshwater fish that inhabits rivers, bayous, swamps, and brackish waters. Recently, the complete genome has been sequenced, providing a unique bridge between fish medical models to human biology, making it an excellent animal model. This study was aimed to understanding the evolution OLFML2A and OLFML2B in the retina of spotted gar through looking for the expression of these genes. Spotted gar retina was analyzed with hematoxylin-eosin staining assays to provide an overall view of the retina structure and an immunofluorescence assay to identify OLFML2A and OLFML2B protein expression. A phylogenetic tree was created using the neighbor-joining method. Forces that direct the evolution of the fish genes were tested. Spotted gar retina, as in other vertebrates, is made of several layers. OLFML2A and OLFML2B proteins were detected in the rod and cone photoreceptor layer (PRL), outer nuclear layer (ONL), and inner nuclear layer (INL). Phylogenetic tree analysis confirms the orthology within the OLFML2A gene. Purifying selection is the evolutionary force that directs the OLFML2A genes. OLFML2A genes have a well-conserved function over time and species.

Factores socioculturales en relación con la decisión del tipo de parto en adolescentes ecuatorianas / Sociocultural factors related to the decision of the type of delivery in Ecuadorian adolescents

RESUMEN Fundamento: El afrontamiento de la maternidad en la adolescencia tiene serias implicaciones para la vida de la madre y su descendencia. Es un proceso en el que influyen diversos factores sociales, culturales, económicos y biológicos. Objetivo: describir la relación entre factores socioculturales y la decisión del tipo de parto en adolescentes ecuatorianas. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal. Se estudiaron 574 adolescentes de la ciudad de Machala, Ecuador, en el año 2016, aplicando una encuesta personal. Se estableció en este grupo de adolescentes la relación entre la decisión del tipo de parto con las variables edad, residencia, paridad, religión e instrucción; y se definió la asociación estadística derivada de estas relaciones. Resultados: la mayor preferencia fue hacia el parto transpelviano, con un 82,4 %. El 70,2 % de las féminas perteneció a áreas urbanas, y el 66,2 % de ellas no tenía partos previos. La mayoría de las jóvenes decidió tener un parto transpelviano, a pesar del razonamiento expuesto referente a diferentes factores socioculturales. Hubo relación estadística significativa entre el razonamiento y la decisión. Conclusión: los aspectos socioculturales abordados no influyen en la toma de la decisión del tipo de parto que desean las adolescentes ecuatorianas; más bien, su decisión puede orientar hacia problemas de otra índole. Solo las creencias religiosas y el razonamiento que sirvió de base a la elección, se manifestaron como factores influyentes.

ABSTRACT Foundation: Confronting motherhood in adolescence has serious implications for the life of the mother and her descendant. It is a process influenced by various social, cultural, economic and biological factors. Objective: to describe the relationship between sociocultural factors and the decision of the type of delivery in Ecuadorian adolescents. Methods: cross- descriptive, study. A number of 574 adolescents were studied from the city of Machala, Ecuador, in 2016, applying a personal survey. The relationship between the decision of the type of delivery with the variables age, residence, parity, religion and instruction was established in this group of adolescents; and the statistical association derived from these relationships was defined. Results: the greater preference was towards trans-pelvic childbirth, with 82.4%. 70.2% of the adolescents belonged to urban areas, and 66.2% of them did not have previous births. The majority of them decided to have a trans-pelvic childbirth, despite the reasoning given regarding different sociocultural factors. There was a significant statistical relationship between the reasoning and the decision. Conclusion: the sociocultural aspects addressed do not influence the decision of the desired type of delivery; rather, their decision may lead to problems of another kind. Only religious beliefs and reasoning that served as the basis for the election were manifested as influential factors.

Epidemiological profile of patients with preterm premature rupture of membranes at a tertiary hospital in São Paulo, Brazil

OBJECTIVE: To perform a descriptive analysis of preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) cases attended in a tertiary hospital. METHOD: Retrospective analysis of medical records and laboratory tests of patients admitted to a Brazilian tertiary hospital between 2006 and 2011, with a confirmed diagnosis of PPROM and gestational age (GA) at delivery <37 weeks. RESULTS: A total of 299 pregnant women were included in the study. Nine patients evolved to abortion, and 290 pregnant women remained for the final analysis. There was initial diagnostic doubt in 17.6% of the cases. The oligohydramnios rate [amniotic fluid index (AFI) <5] was 27.9% on admission. Chorioamnionitis was initially diagnosed in 10.8% of the patients and was retrospectively confirmed in 22.9% of the samples. The latency period had a mean of 9.1 days. The main reasons for interruption were premature labor (55.2%), GA ≥36 weeks (27.2%), and fetal distress (6.9%). The delivery method was cesarean section in 55% of cases. The mean birth weight was 2,124 grams, and 67% of the neonates had a low birth weight (<2500 g). The GA at delivery averaged 33.5 weeks. The stillbirth rate was 5.3%, and the early neonatal mortality rate was 5.6%. There were complications at delivery in 18% of mothers. CONCLUSION: In one of the few Brazilian reports on the epidemiological profile of PPROM, with GA until 37 weeks and intercurrences generally excluded from assessments (such as twinning and fetal malformations), there is a favorable evolution, with an acceptable rate of complications.

Contribución actual de la reunión clínico radiológica dentro del proceso educativo constructivista / Current radiological clinical meeting contribution amid constructivist educational process

La reunión clínico radiológica es una actividad académica influenciada y desarrollada las técnicas de la comunicación e información, así como por el advenimiento de nuevos recursos imagenológicos, por lo que su estructura como función asistencial y docente necesita de un nuevo modelo de actuación que mejore su utilidad asistencial, docente e investigativa a través de la incorporación de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y comunicación. Se realizó revisión de las prácticas clínicas y radiológicas reportadas en los últimos diez años en los sitios ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Google escolar, Dialnet, Redalyc y Educateca a través de las palabras claves: servicio de radiología en hospital, educación, educación basado en competencias, y medios de comunicación. Se establecen elementos pedagógicos para crear un modelo que involucre las nueva tecnologías de la comunicación, interdisciplinaria y multidisciplinaria, donde el estudiante como centro del proceso educativo desarrolle los procesos de producción del conocimiento y aprendizaje profesional. El modelo estructurado propuesto permite su aplicabilidad en universidades y hospitales universitarios para la realización de las clínicas radiológicas a través de un proceso constructivista, utilizando las nuevas tecnologías de la información y comunicación con fundamentos integradores en la docencia medica(AU)

The radiological clinical meeting is an academic activity influenced and developed the techniques of communication and information, as well as the advent of new imaging resources, so that its structure as a care and teaching function needs a new model of action that improves its usefulness Assistance, teaching and research through the incorporation of new information and communication technologies. A review of the clinical and radiological practices reported in the last ten years in the ERIC (Educational Resources Information Center), Google scholar, Dialnet, Redalyc and Educateca sites was carried out through the keywords: radiology service in hospital, education, education Based on skills, and media. Pedagogical elements are established to create a model that involves the new communication technologies, interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary, where the students as the center of the educational process develop the processes of knowledge production and professional learning. The proposed structured model allows its applicability in universities and university hospitals for the realization of radiological clinics through a constructivist process, using the new information and communication technologies with integrative foundations in medical teaching(AU)

A relação entre indicadores de desenvolvimento humano e de saúde materna nos municípios da Região Metropolitana de Curitiba - PR / The relation between human development indicators of maternal health in the cities of Metropolitan Region of Curitiba - PR

Resumo Introdução A melhoria da saúde materna pode ser avaliada e monitorada por meio dos indicadores de saúde, os quais refletem não somente a qualidade das ações de promoção em saúde pública, mas também as iniquidades sociais. O objetivo deste estudo consistiu em analisar a relação entre os indicadores de desenvolvimento humano e os de saúde materna dos municípios da região metropolitana de Curitiba/PR. Método Este estudo é classificado como descritivo, correlacional, com o uso de dados secundários quantitativos. Na análise estatística utilizou-se o teste de correlação de Pearson, com nível de significância de 95%. Resultados Os indicadores de desenvolvimento humano apresentaram correlação positiva com o percentual de crianças nascidas vivas com sete ou mais consultas pré-natais; correlação negativa com o percentual de crianças nascidas vivas por parto normal; correlação positiva com a porcentagem de crianças nascidas vivas por cesariana; e correlação negativa com o percentual de crianças nascidas de mães adolescentes. Conclusão Os piores indicadores encontrados nos municípios com menor desenvolvimento humano evidenciam a necessidade de ampliar as ações destinadas às populações mais vulneráveis, reduzindo as iniquidades sociais, a fim de ampliar o acesso às ações e serviços de saúde.

Abstract Introduction Improving maternal health can be assessed and monitored by the health indicators, which not only reflect the quality of health promotion in public health but also social inequities. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between human development indicators and maternal health of municipalities in the metropolitan region of Curitiba - PR. Method This study is classified as descriptive, correlational, with the use of quantitative secondary data. Statistical analysis was performed using the Pearson correlation test with 95% significance level. Results The human development indicators showed a positive correlation with the percentage of live births with seven or more prenatal visits; negative correlation with the percentage of live births by natural childbirth; positive correlation with the percentage of live births by cesarean section; and a negative correlation with the percentage of children born to teenage mothers. Conclusion The worst indicators found in the municipalities with the lowest human development show the need to expand the actions aimed at the most vulnerable populations, reducing social inequities in order to expand access to health actions and services.

Spontaneous prematurity in fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a retrospective cohort study about prenatal predictive factors.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate possible predictive factors of spontaneous prematurity in fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed. Inclusion criteria were presence of CDH; absence of fetoscopy; absence of karyotype abnormality; maximum of one major malformation associated with diaphragmatic hernia; ultrasound monitoring at the Obstetrics Clinic of Clinicas Hospital at the University of São Paulo School of Medicine, from January 2001 to October 2014. The data were obtained through the electronic records and ultrasound system of our fetal medicine service. The following variables were analyzed: maternal age, primiparity, associated maternal diseases, smoking, previous spontaneous preterm birth, fetal malformation associated with hernia, polyhydramnios, fetal growth restriction, presence of intrathoracic liver, invasive procedures performed, side of hernia and observed-to- expected lung to head ratio (o/e LHR). On individual analysis, variables were assessed using the Chi-square test and the Mann-Whitney test. A multiple logistic regression model was applied to select variables independently influencing the prediction of preterm delivery. A ROC curve was constructed with the significant variable, identifying the values with best sensitivity and specificity to be suggested for use in clinical practice. RESULTS: Eighty fetuses were evaluated, of which, 21 (26.25%) were premature. O/e LHR was the only factor associated with prematurity (p = 0.020). The ROC curve showed 93% sensitivity with 48.4% specificity for the cutoff of 40%. CONCLUSION: O/e LHR was the only predictor of prematurity in this sample.

Complicaciones metabólicas de la cirugía bariátrica / Metabolic complications of bariatric surgery

Se utiliza la base de datos Pub Med, Cochraine, Scopus y Google Escolar para realizar una revisión sistemática del estado del arte de las complicaciones metabólicas derivadas de la cirugía bariátrica. Se realiza una reflexión de la necesidad de evaluar de forma adecuada la preoperación y cumplir con las indicaciones precisas. Debe tenerse en cuanta que se producirán cambios fisiológicos que, si bien intervendrán de manera positiva en la mayor parte de los pacientes, les producirá trastornos en el metabolismo que deben de ser tenidos en cuenta para su prevención y predicción. Se exponen los principios quirúrgicos, objetivos y clasificaciones de este tipo de cirugía. Se exponen las complicaciones con énfasis en los aspectos metabólicos y las contraindicaciones de este tipo de intervención. Se concluye que la cirugía bariátrica es un procedimiento adecuado para el tratamiento de la obesidad y control de algunos aspectos metabólicos, pero es capaz de originar nuevos aspectos, que, de no tenerse en cuenta, podrían hacer fracasar sus resultados(AU)

The databases PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus and Google School were used to perform a systematic review of the state of the art about the metabolic complications resulting from bariatric surgery, reflecting on the need for an adequate preoperative evaluation and compliance with accurate indications taking into account that physiological changes will occur, and that, although they will have a positive impact on most patients, this will produce metabolic disorders that must be taken into account for prevention and prediction. An outlined is presented of the surgical principles, objectives and classifications for this type of surgery. The complications are exposed, with emphasis on the metabolic aspects and contraindications of this type of intervention. The bariatric surgery has been concluded to be a suitable procedure for the treatment of obesity and control of some metabolic aspects, but it is capable of producing other new aspects that, if not taken into account, could lead to the failure of its results(AU)

Complicaciones metabólicas de la cirugía bariátrica / Metabolic complications of bariatric surgery

Se utiliza la base de datos Pub Med, Cochraine, Scopus y Google Escolar para realizar una revisión sistemática del estado del arte de las complicaciones metabólicas derivadas de la cirugía bariátrica. Se realiza una reflexión de la necesidad de evaluar de forma adecuada la preoperación y cumplir con las indicaciones precisas. Debe tenerse en cuanta que se producirán cambios fisiológicos que, si bien intervendrán de manera positiva en la mayor parte de los pacientes, les producirá trastornos en el metabolismo que deben de ser tenidos en cuenta para su prevención y predicción. Se exponen los principios quirúrgicos, objetivos y clasificaciones de este tipo de cirugía. Se exponen las complicaciones con énfasis en los aspectos metabólicos y las contraindicaciones de este tipo de intervención. Se concluye que la cirugía bariátrica es un procedimiento adecuado para el tratamiento de la obesidad y control de algunos aspectos metabólicos, pero es capaz de originar nuevos aspectos, que, de no tenerse en cuenta, podrían hacer fracasar sus resultados(AU)

The databases PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus and Google School were used to perform a systematic review of the state of the art about the metabolic complications resulting from bariatric surgery, reflecting on the need for an adequate preoperative evaluation and compliance with accurate indications taking into account that physiological changes will occur, and that, although they will have a positive impact on most patients, this will produce metabolic disorders that must be taken into account for prevention and prediction. An outlined is presented of the surgical principles, objectives and classifications for this type of surgery. The complications are exposed, with emphasis on the metabolic aspects and contraindications of this type of intervention. The bariatric surgery has been concluded to be a suitable procedure for the treatment of obesity and control of some metabolic aspects, but it is capable of producing other new aspects that, if not taken into account, could lead to the failure of its results(AU)

Visión holística de nuevos desafíos: paradigmas tecnológicos y fundamentos bioéticos en la Medicina futurista / Holistic view of new challenges: technological paradigms and bioethical basis of Futuristic Medicine

Introducción.La medicina del siglo XXI será un punto de fusión de numerosas nuevas tecnologías. Surgirán transformaciones en los paradigmas de la atención médica. Objetivo: Ofrecer una visión de lo que podría ser la atención médica futura. Material y Métodos: Se revisa en la literatura médica las ultimas y nuevas herramientas tecnológicas al servicio de la Medicina, sus posibles transformaciones y aplicación futura a través de la exploración en las principales bases de datos indexadas en los últimos 7 años, que originarán un cambio en el pensamiento científico y una visión predictiva en la atención médica a nivel mundial que realizaran reflexiones sobre enfoques médicos que origina la medicina traslacional. Se analiza el papel de la nanotecnología en la farmacología futurista, así como la genética y robótica, y se establecen comparaciones entre la cantidad de investigaciones por países y el estado actual en la América Latina y cómo influirán los nuevos adelantos científicos en la bioética lo que pudiera dar origen al transhumanismo. Resultados: El influjo de las nuevas tecnologías está ligado con el desarrollo económico y social, por lo que su aplicación no será equitativa, existiendo una diferencia importante en la formulación de patentes, investigaciones indexadas y citaciones entre países desarrollados y subdesarrollados, donde ningún país latinoamericano se encuentra entre los primeros 10 lugares del ranking mundial. Conclusiones: La tecnología actual le da solución a algunos problemas, pero no ha sido capaz de dominar muchas enfermedades. La utilización de la nanotecnología, la genética y la robótica provocarán cambios en los paradigmas de enfrentamiento a las enfermedades. Pudieran ocasionar deshumanización y problemas bioéticos(AU)

Introduction: Medicine in the 21st century will be a fusion point of numerous new technologies. Changes in the paradigms of medical attention will emerge. Objective:To present a view of what future medical attention could be. Material and methods:A review of the last and new technological tools at the service of Medicine is made, and their possible transformations and future implementation are studied through the search of the main databases of the data indexed during the last seven years, which will make a change in the scientific thought and a predictive view of the medical attention worldwide, and make reflections on the medical approaches that arise from translational medicine. The role of nanotechnology in the futuristic pharmacology is analyzed, as well as genetics and robotics; and comparisons are made regarding the amount of research by countries and the current condition in Latin America, and the way the new scientific innovations will influence in the Bioethics, which could give rise to transhumanism. Results:The influence of the new technologies is linked to the economic and social development. Therefore, its implementation will not be equitable, existing an important difference in establishment of patents, indexed research, and quotations between developed and underdeveloped countries, where no Latin American country is among the 10 first places in the world ranking. Conclusions:Current technology gives solution to some problems, but it has not been able to be acquainted with many diseases. The use of nanotechnology, genetics, and robotics will provoke changes in the confrontation paradigms of diseases, which could cause dehumanization and bioethical issues(AU)

Reunión clínico-patológica como estructura para el análisis de diagnósticos complejos / Clinical-pathology as meeting structure for the analysis of complex diagnostics

Las reuniones clínicas patológicas son utilizadas actualmente por algunos grupos de médicos como un enlace tecnológico patológico. Sin embargo, es necesario incluir todos los elementos clínico-tecnológico-patológico en una conjunción que enlace y defina el propósito final: obtener una experiencia a través de los aspectos contradictorios del desarrollo de la enfermedad. A través de un análisis documental, histórico-lógico, con enfoque del sistema académico de nuestra Universidad Médica, el colectivo de profesores considera hacer modificaciones y propuestas en torno a la enseñanza de la Reunión o Discusión Clínico Patológica, sobre todo para el enfoque de casos complejos(AU)

At present some groups of physicians use clinical pathological meetings as a pathological technological link instead of including all elements: clinical, technological and pathological in a conjunction of links to define the final purpose, to obtain experience through the contradictory aspects of the development and outcome of the illness. By carrying out a documentary, historical-logical analysis, focusing on the academic system of our medical university, the community of teachers considers make modifications and proposal about teaching at meeting or clinical pathological discussion, especially for focusing of complex cases(AU)

[Laparoscopic anterior pelvic exenteration in a patient with locally advanced melanoma]. / Exenteración pélvica anterior laparoscópica en un paciente con melanoma localmente avanzado.

BACKGROUND: Pelvic exenteration is one of the most mutilating surgical procedures with high post-operative morbidity. The laparoscopic technique aims to reduce perioperative complications and reduce post-surgical recovery. OBJECTIVE: We present the first case of laparoscopic anterior exenteration for locally advanced melanoma, held at the National Cancer Institute and published in Mexico. CASE REPORT: Patient 60 years of age diagnosed with invasive vulvar melanoma with bladder extension upon whom laparoscopic anterior pelvic exenteration with external urinary reconstruction was performed. Time in surgery was 505minutes and estimated blood loss was 400ml. No complications occurred during or immediately after surgery. The final histopathological study reported: nodular lesion that completely replaces the clitoris and spreads to the left labia majora, measures 3×2.5×2cm and is located relative to the free margins with perineural invasion intraepithelial spread in space and urethra and bladder trigone. CONCLUSIONS: The laparoscopic anterior pelvic exenteration is a safe alternative in well-selected patients, with acceptable time in surgery, surgical complications and recovery time.

Fetal thrombotic vasculopathy: A case report and literature review.

INTRODUCTION:: Fetal thrombotic vasculopathy is a recently described placental alteration with varying degrees of involvement and often associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. The diagnosis is made histologically and therefore is postnatal, which makes it a challenge in clinical practice. METHOD:: Case report and review of literature on the subject. RESULTS:: The present case refers to a pregnant woman presenting fetal growth restriction, with poor obstetrical past, and sent late to our service. Even with weekly assessments of fetal vitality (fetal biophysical profile and Doppler velocimetry) and prenatal care, the patient progressed with fetal death at 36 weeks and 1 day. There was no association with inherited and acquired thrombophilia. Pathological examination of the placenta revealed fetal thrombotic vasculopathy. CONCLUSION:: The fetal thrombotic vasculopathy may be associated with adverse perinatal outcomes including fetal death, but much remains to be studied regarding its pathogenesis. Diagnosis during pregnancy is not possible and there is still no proven treatment for this condition. Future studies are needed so that strategies can be developed to minimize the impact of fetal thrombotic vasculopathy.

Visión integradora del pase de visita médico asistencial y docente en hospitales universitarios de Ecuador / Integrated vision of the clinical and educational round at Ecuador university hospitals

Introducción: El pase de visita docente asistencial en las instituciones docentes hospitalarias es complejo y hay que vencer diferentes objetivos en una misma actividad. Objetivo: Proponer un diseño a partir de concepciones pedagógicas actuales del pase de visita médico asistencial y docente en hospitales universitarios ecuatorianos. Material y Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de la bibliografía relacionada con los procesos pedagógicos de la educación en el trabajo en la formación médica. Se utilizaron los buscadores PubMed, Cochrane Library y Google académico, para identificar, seleccionar, estructurar y dar una visión sistémica del pase de visita médico docente-asistencial, proponiendo bases estructurales y metodológicas, partiendo de la experiencia cubana y directivas académicas propias de Ecuador. Desarrollo: El pase de visita docente- asistencial como forma de educación en el trabajo para obtener la excelencia debe de ser más integrador donde no solo se utilice el método clínico, sino el clínico y epidemiológico, y donde estén integrados objetivos gerenciales, se utilicen métodos pedagógicos constructivistas, concepciones del entorno salud-enfermedad del tipo holísticos, a través de estrategias de participación heurísticas. Conclusiones: La utilización de un modelo de actuación con fundamentos científicos, adecuadamente estructurado y basado en transformaciones pedagógicas cualitativas que se interrelacionen con los procesos asistenciales, gerenciales y donde el paciente sea evaluado integralmente, ofrece un enfoque más sistemático de esta actividad(AU)

Introduction: The educational and assistance round in the educational-hospital institutions is complex and it is necessary to overcome different goals in the same activity. Objective: To provide a design from current pedagogical conceptions of educational-medical rounds at Ecuadorian university hospitals. Material and Methods: It carried out review of the related bibliography with the pedagogic processes of education in the work of medical formation. Were used the searchers PubMed, Cochrane Library and Google scholar to know, select, built, analyze and give a systematic view of the educational and assistance round in Ecuador, proposing structural and methodological bases, starting from the Cubans experience and the own Ecuadorian academic directives. Development: Educational-medical rounds as educational method of labor to obtain excellence must be more inclusive not using only the clinical method, but also clinical and epidemiological method shall be included and where integrated management objectives must be joined, using pedagogical constructional methods, holistic health-disease environment through heuristic participation strategies.Conclusion: The use of a proceeding model on a scientific basis properly structured and based on qualitative educational transformations that interrelate with medical caretaking and management issues where patients are evaluated integrally, provides a systemic approach process to this activity(AU)

Visión integradora del pase de visita médico asistencial y docente en hospitales universitarios de Ecuador / Integrated vision of the clinical and educational round at Ecuador university hospitals

Introducción: El pase de visita docente asistencial en las instituciones docentes hospitalarias es complejo y hay que vencer diferentes objetivos en una misma actividad. Objetivo: Proponer un diseño a partir de concepciones pedagógicas actuales del pase de visita médico asistencial y docente en hospitales universitarios ecuatorianos. Material y Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de la bibliografía relacionada con los procesos pedagógicos de la educación en el trabajo en la formación médica. Se utilizaron los buscadores PubMed, Cochrane Library y Google académico, para identificar, seleccionar, estructurar y dar una visión sistémica del pase de visita médico docente-asistencial, proponiendo bases estructurales y metodológicas, partiendo de la experiencia cubana y directivas académicas propias de Ecuador. Desarrollo: El pase de visita docente- asistencial como forma de educación en el trabajo para obtener la excelencia debe de ser más integrador donde no solo se utilice el método clínico, sino el clínico y epidemiológico, y donde estén integrados objetivos gerenciales, se utilicen métodos pedagógicos constructivistas, concepciones del entorno salud-enfermedad del tipo holísticos, a través de estrategias de participación heurísticas. Conclusiones: La utilización de un modelo de actuación con fundamentos científicos, adecuadamente estructurado y basado en transformaciones pedagógicas cualitativas que se interrelacionen con los procesos asistenciales, gerenciales y donde el paciente sea evaluado integralmente, ofrece un enfoque más sistemático de esta actividad(AU)

Introduction: The educational and assistance round in the educational-hospital institutions is complex and it is necessary to overcome different goals in the same activity. Objective: To provide a design from current pedagogical conceptions of educational-medical rounds at Ecuadorian university hospitals. Material and Methods: It carried out review of the related bibliography with the pedagogic processes of education in the work of medical formation. Were used the searchers PubMed, Cochrane Library and Google scholar to know, select, built, analyze and give a systematic view of the educational and assistance round in Ecuador, proposing structural and methodological bases, starting from the Cuban’s experience and the own Ecuadorian academic directives. Development: Educational-medical rounds as educational method of labor to obtain excellence must be more inclusive not using only the clinical method, but also clinical and epidemiological method shall be included and where integrated management objectives must be joined, using pedagogical constructional methods, holistic health-disease environment through heuristic participation strategies. Conclusion: The use of a proceeding model on a scientific basis properly structured and based on qualitative educational transformations that interrelate with medical caretaking and management issues where patients are evaluated integrally, provides a systemic approach process to this activity(AU)