Primary Hepatic Neuroendocrine Carcinoma with Metastasis to the Mesentery: A Case Report.

Primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinomas (PHNECs) are extremely rare, with only about 90 cases having been reported in the English-language literature. Among all neuroendocrine neoplasms, primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) are extremely rare, accounting for 0.3% of NETs and 0.28-0.46% of malignant liver tumors. Additionally, primary hepatic NECs occur infrequently. The clinical diagnosis of primary hepatic NEC remains challenging because of its rarity and the lack of information about its characteristic appearance on images. Consequently, pathological examination through the performance of a preoperative liver tumor biopsy is essential for diagnosis. Due to the lack of availability of substantial high-quality data, there is no standard therapy for primary hepatic NEC. We present the first case of PHNEC metastasized to the mesentery reported in the English-language literature.

Advantages of Intraoperative Neuromonitoring Over Direct Visualization of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve During Thyroidectomy.

BACKGROUND: The well-recognized risk of injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) during thyroidectomy has instigated various preventive measures. One such measure involves directly visualizing the RLN, but this is not always feasible in practice. A more recent approach involves using intraoperative neuromonitoring to identify and preserve the RLN. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of intraoperative neuromonitoring compared to single visualization of the RLN in averting nerve injury. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective, observational, and descriptive study on a cohort of 218 patients. A Chi-square test was employed to determine the influence of intraoperative neuromonitoring on the incidence of nerve injury, with P < 0.05 considered statistically significant. We used Jamovi software version 2.3.18 to analyze the data. RESULTS: Of the 218 patients, intraoperative neuromonitoring was used in 150 (68.8%) cases; none of which resulted in nerve injury. Conversely, 68 (31.2%) patients underwent surgery without the use of neuromonitoring, with two (2.9%) patients in this group experiencing nerve injury (p=0.037). In comparison, the risk of nerve injury was 0% in the group monitored intraoperatively and 2.94% in the group that did not undergo intraoperatively neuromonitoring. Further, the relative risk of complications was 0.66% in patients operated with neuromonitoring, while it was 5.88% in the group operated without neuromonitoring, thus demonstrating a clinically significant protective against vasculonervous complications. CONCLUSION: The results advocate for the use of intraoperative neuromonitoring, whenever available, as it is a safe method for significantly decreasing the incidence of RLN injury during thyroidectomy compared with only visualization.

Warthin's Tumor of the Parotid Gland With Degeneration to Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Parotid gland neoplasms are rare; some benign lesions, such as Warthin's tumor (WT), can present as malignant degeneration to carcinomas or, even rarer, to lymphomas. In the literature, there are fewer than 30 reported cases of primary lymphoma of the parotid gland. We present a case of a 65-year-old male patient with a first diagnosis of WT of the parotid gland who later presented a tumor recurrence and underwent a second surgery, reporting diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the parotid gland. He underwent a right parotidectomy and chemotherapy, and at his 5-month follow-up, he remains free of recurrence. These tumors may look clinically like benign tumors. However, it is essential to be always alert to detect potentially malignant neoplasms and to emphasize examining the lymphoid component of WT to have an early-stage diagnosis of possible lymphomas and treat them before morbidity and mortality increase.

Análisis de factores de riesgo para morbi mortalidad en pacientes mayores de 80 años de edad tratados por patología quirúrgica electiva o de urgencia / Analysis of risk factors for morbidity and mortality in patients aged over 80 years coursing with pathologies secondary to elective or emergency surgery

Objetivo. Evaluar en un grupo de pacientes de más de 80 años de edad, sometidos a cirugía mayor, los factores de riesgo que pudieran incidir en la morbimortalidad. Diseño. Estudio prospectivo, observacional, longitudinal y descriptivo inferencial conducido entre septiembre de 1995 y septiembre de 1996. Sede. Hospital de tercer nivel de atención (especialidades). Pacientes y métodos. El grupo 1 estuvo constituido por 20 pacientes sometidos a procedimientos quirúrgicos electivos, el grupo 2 estuvo conformado por 60 pacientes sometidos a cirugía de urgencia. Evaluamos las siguientes variables: Edad, sexo, tipo de cirugía, condición física (clasificación de ASA), estimación general del índice de riesgo cardiaco (Clasificación Goldman), condición nutricional, problemas clínicos asociados, condiciones hemodinámicas preoperatorias, complicaciones postoperatorias (médicas y quirúrgicas) y mortalidad. Análisis estadístico. Prueba de chi cuadrada, prueba exacta de Fisher y se estimaron el riesgo relativo (RR) e intervalos de confianza (IC) al 95 por ciento. La mortalidad fue del 20 y 48 por ciento en los grupos 1 y 2 respectivamente. Las causas más frecuentes de muerte fueron falla orgánica múltiple e insuficiencia respiratoria. Conclusiones. Los pacientes más ancianos tienen múltiples factores en su contra, no sólo por la edad, los pacientes del sexo masculino tuvieron más tendencia a la morbi-mortalidad, los problemas clínicos asociados reducen las condiciones generales de salud y la reserva cardiopulmonar. La cirugía de urgencia, la presencia de hipoalbuminemia y la hipotensión transoperatoria también inducen mayor morbi-mortalidad. Es necesario identificar aquellos pacientes con factores de riesgo que puedan ser corregidos antes de la cirugía, aquellos pacientes con cuadros agudos se lese debe dar consideraciones especiales y evitar la hipotensión transoperatoria