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1.
Rev. calid. asist ; 31(1): 18-26, ene.-feb. 2016. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-149846

RESUMO

Fundamento y objetivos. La despenalización de la eutanasia y el suicidio médicamente asistido genera un debate continuo. La confusión terminológica constituye una de las principales dificultades a la hora de consensuar prácticas médicas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer si los términos de «eutanasia» y «suicidio médicamente asistido» son empleados con el mismo significado por los médicos de Extremadura. Material y método. Se llevó a cabo una investigación cualitativa a través de 2 grupos focales en la que participaron médicos de diferentes especialidades que atendían a un gran número de pacientes en situación terminal. No se realizó ningún otro focal, pues se objetivó saturación con solo 2 grupos. Las sesiones fueron grabadas en audio y transcritas por 2 expertos en metodología cualitativa. Se utilizó para la explotación de los datos el programa informático Atlas.ti. El grupo de «atención médica al final de la vida» de la Organización Médica Colegial de España actuó como grupo asesor del estudio. Resultados. Se constató confusión terminológica en: 1) la mezcla de conceptos etimológicos, funcionales y sociales; 2) el término de eutanasia pasiva; 3) la equiparación de eutanasia con suicidio médicamente asistido; 4) la confusión con el equivalente: «deseo de adelantar la muerte»; y 5) la dificultad de diferenciar sedación de eutanasia. Hubo consenso en ciertos aspectos tales como: a) la plena voluntariedad; b) la condición de enfermedad terminal; y c) el padecimiento de síntomas insoportables. Conclusiones. Persiste la variabilidad conceptual relacionada con la eutanasia, especialmente llamativa al observar la pervivencia del concepto de eutanasia pasiva. Parece conveniente que exista un lenguaje común que asigne a las palabras un significado preciso para ayudar a los médicos en su práctica profesional (AU)


Background and objectives. The decriminalisation of euthanasia and assisted medical suicide has generated a continuous debate. The terminological confusion is one of the main difficulties in obtaining medical practice consensus. The objective of this study was to determine whether the terms of Euthanasia and physician assisted suicide are used with the same meaning by doctors in Extremadura (Spain). Material and method. A qualitative study was conducted using two focus groups in which doctors from different specialties who attended a large number of terminal patients participated. No other focus group was required due to saturation. The sessions were tape recorded and transcribed by two experts in qualitative methodology. Atlas.ti software was used for the analysis. We were advised by the "Health Care at the end of life" Group of the Organizacion Médica Colegial of Spain. Results. Terminological confusion was verified in: 1) The mixture of etymological, functional and social concepts, 2) the term Passive Euthanasia, 3) the association between euthanasia and physician assisted suicide, 4) the confusion with the equivalent "wish to hasten death", and 5) the difficulty of differentiating sedation with Euthanasia. There was consensus on some aspects: a) Full voluntariness, b) the condition of terminal illness, and c) the condition of unbearable symptoms. Conclusions. Conceptual variability persists in relation to the concept of Euthanasia, and is particularly noticeable in the persistence of the concept of passive euthanasia. It would be desirable to achieve a common language to assign a precise meaning to these words to help doctors in their professional practice (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Eutanásia/psicologia , Espanha/etnologia , Preparações Farmacêuticas/administração & dosagem , Preparações Farmacêuticas/metabolismo , Sociedades/ética , Sociedades/métodos , Eutanásia/classificação , Preparações Farmacêuticas/análise , Preparações Farmacêuticas/normas , Sociedades/análise , Sociedades/políticas
2.
Rev Calid Asist ; 31(1): 18-26, 2016.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26526891

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The decriminalisation of euthanasia and assisted medical suicide has generated a continuous debate. The terminological confusion is one of the main difficulties in obtaining medical practice consensus. The objective of this study was to determine whether the terms of Euthanasia and physician assisted suicide are used with the same meaning by doctors in Extremadura (Spain). MATERIAL AND METHOD: A qualitative study was conducted using two focus groups in which doctors from different specialties who attended a large number of terminal patients participated. No other focus group was required due to saturation. The sessions were tape recorded and transcribed by two experts in qualitative methodology. Atlas.ti software was used for the analysis. We were advised by the "Health Care at the end of life" Group of the Organizacion Médica Colegial of Spain. RESULTS: Terminological confusion was verified in: 1) The mixture of etymological, functional and social concepts, 2) the term Passive Euthanasia, 3) the association between euthanasia and physician assisted suicide, 4) the confusion with the equivalent "wish to hasten death", and 5) the difficulty of differentiating sedation with Euthanasia. There was consensus on some aspects: a) Full voluntariness, b) the condition of terminal illness, and c) the condition of unbearable symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Conceptual variability persists in relation to the concept of Euthanasia, and is particularly noticeable in the persistence of the concept of passive euthanasia. It would be desirable to achieve a common language to assign a precise meaning to these words to help doctors in their professional practice.


Assuntos
Eutanásia , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Suicídio Assistido , Humanos , Médicos , Espanha
5.
Med. paliat ; 15(3): 165-170, jul. 2008. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-68008

RESUMO

Introducción: la calidad de vida (CdV) tiene significados distintos según se adapte al concepto intuitivo, al metodológico o al resultado de un cuestionario. Objetivo: conocer el concepto intuitivo de CdV de los profesionales de Cuidados Paliativos para los pacientes que tratan y para ellos mismos. Conocer si se adapta a los cuestionarios validados. Material y métodos: estudio cualitativo y cuantitativo con profesionales de Cuidados Paliativos. Se planteó en pregunta abierta qué comprendían de manera intuitiva como CdV en enfermos terminales y en sí mismos. Dieron luego una estimación del peso relativo de los dominios y de la influencia de diversos problemas en la CdV. Los resultados se compararon con el perfil del QLQ-C15-PAL. Resultados: los principales componentes de la CdV en los pacientes fueron: control de síntomas, dignidad personal, familia y calidad de la atención. Este perfil no coincide con el del QLQ-C15-PAL. En los profesionales, los dominios más relevantes fueron salud, capacidad para disfrutar, familia y relaciones personales. Conclusiones: el perfil de lo que intuitivamente estiman como CdV los profesionales de Cuidados Paliativos es diferente en los pacientes y en ellos mismos. Este concepto no coincide con el modelo de los cuestionarios específicos de CdV en Cuidados Paliativos


Background: health-related quality of life (QoL) may have different meanings when interpreted intuitively, methodologically, or as the result of a questionnaire. Objective: to know the intuitive QoL concept in palliative care professionals regarding both the patients they treat and themselves, and to determine whether such concept is consistent with the measures provided by validated questionnaires. Material and methods: a mixed qualitative and quantitative study was performed in palliative care professionals. An open question asked about their intuitive understanding of QoL for terminal patients and themselves. They did an estimation of the relative weight of different domains, and the influence of several problems. These results were compared to the profile of the QLQ-C15-PAL questionnaire. Results: the estimated most important component of QoL in patients was symptom control, followed by personal dignity, family support, and quality of care. This profile is divergent from that of QLQ-C15-PAL, which is focused on symptoms and performance status. Regarding the QoL of professionals themselves, the most relevant domains were health, ability to enjoy, family, and personal relations. Conclusions: the intuitive QoL profile estimated by palliative care professionals is different for patients and for themselves. This intuitive concept is not consistent with the model presented by specific QoL questionnaires for palliative-care patients


Assuntos
Humanos , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Doente Terminal/psicologia , Cuidados Paliativos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Relações Médico-Paciente , Direito a Morrer , Relações Interpessoais , Relações Familiares
6.
Med. paliat ; 15(2): 82-88, abr. 2008. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-67998

RESUMO

Introducción: los pacientes y familiares en Cuidados Paliativos, además de las necesidades vitales básicas, tienen otras necesidades personales y psicosociales. El voluntario en Cuidados Paliativos debe complementarla labor de los profesionales cubriendo estas necesidades, logrando así el mayor bienestar y asegurando la mejor calidad de vida al enfermo. El voluntario es por tanto una pieza decisiva. Objetivo: establecer un plan estratégico consensuado entre diversas entidades para desarrollar un voluntariado en Cuidados Paliativos de alta calidad. Método: se realizó revisión bibliográfica, consulta jurídica especializada, creación de un grupo nominal y validación de acuerdos. Resultados: en relación a la búsqueda bibliográfica finalmente se seleccionaron 18 artículos para su completa lectura. En la consulta jurídica especializada, se encontraron diversos documentos publicados por el Estado Español, Comunidades Autónomas u otros organismos nacionales e internacionales. En la creación del grupo nominal, se eligieron 9 representantes de 8 asociaciones y del Programa Regional de Cuidados Paliativos de Extremadura que estaban dispuestas a participar en el plan del voluntariado. Tras múltiples reuniones se estableció un plan consensuado con 13 objetivos y 18 acciones. Conclusiones: el voluntariado es una vía adecuada para complementar el cuidado y apoyo de los pacientes en fase terminal. En Extremadura, se ha desarrollado un plan con diferentes acciones en el que han participado distintas asociaciones y la administración sanitaria (AU)


Background: Besides basic and vital needs, patients and their families have other personal and psychosocial requirements. Thus, palliative care volunteers must complement professional work by covering these necessities -providing well-being and assuring the best quality of life. A volunteer is therefore a pivotal part in the process. Objective: To establish a consensus strategic plan amongst various organizations for the development of high-quality volunteering. Method: A literature analysis, questions to lawyers, creation of a nominal group, and validation of agreements made. Results: Eighteen articles were selected for complete reading after a bibliographical search. Several documents published by the Spanish State, Spanish Regions, and National or International organisms were found by lawyers. Regarding the formalization of the nominal group, 9 representatives of 8 associations and the Regional Program of Palliative Care of Extremadura were included, and they agreed in participating in volunteering planning. After several meetings a consensus plan was designed including 13 objectives and 18 actions. Conclusions: Volunteering is a suitable way to complement care and support for end-stage patients. In Extremadura a plan with different actions has been developed. Different associations and the Healthcare Administration participated in its development (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Trabalhadores Voluntários de Hospital/organização & administração , Doente Terminal/psicologia , Serviços Hospitalares de Assistência Domiciliar , Trabalhadores Voluntários de Hospital/normas , Doente Terminal/legislação & jurisprudência , Serviços Hospitalares de Assistência Domiciliar/organização & administração , Qualidade de Vida , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde
7.
Med. paliat ; 15(1): 39-44, 2008. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-139957

RESUMO

Introducción: el hecho de morir es uno de los acontecimientos con mayor impacto psicológico. Provoca un intenso flujo de emociones en el enfermo y en la familia, que puede desencadenar en estrés psicológico, destructuración emocional y un gran sufrimiento. Esta posible complejidad es la que plantea la necesidad del psicólogo en los Equipos de Cuidados Paliativos (ECP). Objetivo: establecer las funciones del psicólogo en los Equipos de Cuidados Paliativos que disponen de esta figura. Método: estudio observacional, descriptivo, mediante encuesta remitida por correo electrónico a todos los ECP de España. Resultados: de los 262 equipos respondieron 201 equipos (tasa de respuesta del 77%). 102 equipos (51%) disponían de psicólogo y 99 no (49%). 71 psicólogos cumplimentaron la encuesta. La mayor parte desarrollaban su actividad en equipos domiciliarios. El 46% de los psicólogos se dedicaba la jornada completa al ECP. La función principal (100%) era la atención psicológica a enfermos y familiares. El 80% referían asesorar a su equipo y el 45% prestaba apoyo psicológico para prevenir el burnout. El 62% realizaban actividades docentes, y el 37% colaboraba en investigación. Los ECP son el origen del 51,44% de los casos atendidos por el psicólogo, éstos atienden habitualmente situaciones complejas. Conclusiones: los datos obtenidos muestran que el psicólogo tiene un papel específico y unas actividades e intervenciones concretas a realizar en los ECP (AU)


Introduction: dying is, in fact, a most difficult event to confront, and has a psychological impact, releasing an intense flow of emotions both in the patient and his or her family that may cause psychological stress, emotional destructuration, and lots of suffering. This complexity is the reason underlying the need for psychologists in palliative care teams (PCTs). Objective: to identify PCTs including psychologists in their staff, the roles that these professionals play, and cases susceptible of specific psychological interventions. Method: an observational, descriptive study was carried out using a survey that included all PCTs in Spain. Results: 201 of all 262 PCTs surveyed completed the questionnaire (77%); 102 PCTs (51%) included psychologists and 99 lacked them (49%); 71 psychologists completed the survey. Most of them developed their activity in home-oriented PCTs; 46% on a full-time basis. Their main function (100%) was to psychologically care for patients and their relatives. Eighty percent reported advisory activities to their team, and 45% also provided psychological support to prevent burnout. Sixty-two percent performed educational activities too, and 37% used some of their time in research activities. PCTs are the source of 51.44% of cases followed by psychologists, usually regarding complex situations. Conclusions: data collected show that psychologists play a specific role in PCTs (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Cuidados Paliativos/psicologia , Doente Terminal/psicologia , Psicoterapia/métodos , Avaliação de Resultado de Intervenções Terapêuticas , Cuidados Paliativos na Terminalidade da Vida/psicologia , Medicina Paliativa
8.
Med. paliat ; 14(3): 164-168, jul.-sept. 2007. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-62601

RESUMO

Introducción: el cuidador principal tiene un importante papel en cuidados paliativos, y es preciso por tanto buscar una atención compartida en la que esté involucrado. Uno de los riesgos de los cuidadores es el sufrimiento de un duelo patológico tras el fallecimiento del paciente. Objetivo: conocer el perfil más prevalente del cuidador principal en Extremadura y determinar si el riesgo de padecer duelo patológico depende de ciertos parámetros. Método: se recogieron datos de las historias clínicas de 155 pacientes. El análisis del perfil se realizó mediante un estudio descriptivo. Para los factores predictores de desarrollo de duelo patológico, se realizó un estudio analítico empleando el test X2. Variables: riesgo de duelo patológico, sexo, edad, parentesco, residencia, nivel de estudios, cumplimiento de instrucciones. Resultados: el perfil habitual del cuidador corresponde a mujeres(85,42%), hijas (43,75%), que convivían en el mismo domicilio que el paciente (73,61%), nivel de estudios primarios (63,2%), cumplimiento medio de instrucciones sobre los cuidados (43,75%) y edad media de 54años. Los valores de dependencia de los parámetros estudiados con el riesgo de duelo patológico, fueron de X2 = 4,057 (p = 0,398) para la variable parentesco, X2 = 1,065 (p = 0,302) para residencia y X2 = 0,600 (p = 0,897)para nivel de estudios. Conclusiones: el perfil del cuidador principal coincide con el de otros estudios. Con un nivel de confianza del 99% ninguna de las variables se relacionaba con el riesgo de padecer duelo patológico (AU)


Background: caregivers have an important role in palliative care; therefore, it is essential to pursue a shared palliative care provision in which informal carers should be involved. One of the risks of caregivers is complicated grief after the death of a relative. Objective: to understand the main caregiver profile in Extremadura region (Spain), and to establish whether the risk of complicated grief depends on certain parameters. Method: data were collected from the medical files of 155 patients. The descriptive study of the standard profile was made using means. For the predictive factors of developing complicated grief an analytical approach was made using the X2 test. Variables used included: complicated grief risk, sex, age, relationship with patient, sharing the home with the patient, education, and compliance with instructions. Results: the average profile of main caregivers corresponds to women(85.42%), daughters (43.75%), living in the same home with the patient(73.61%), with primary education (63.2%), an intermediate capacity to follow instructions (43.75%), and an average age of 54 years. The dependency of parameters studied and the risk of complicated grief, calculated with X2 test, and their statistical significances were: X2 = 4.057 (p = 0.398) for relationship; X2 = 1.065 (p = 0.302) for living in the same home, and X2= 0.600 (p = 0.897) for education.Conclusions: the average profile of main caregivers agrees with previous studies. Using a confidence level of 99% none of the variables was related to the risk of suffering complicated grief (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Cuidadores/psicologia , Assistência Terminal , Cuidados Paliativos , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , Pesar , Doente Terminal/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores de Risco
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